2020年度职称英语等级考试试题及答案理工类B级

职称英语等级考试试题及答案理工类B级

资料仅供参考

职称英语等级考试试题及答案-理工类B级

第一部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，

共15分）

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或

短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个

选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或

短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1.Thehigh-speedtrainscanhaveamajor

impactontravelpreferences.

AforceBinfluence

CsurpriseDpower

2.Canyoufollowtheplot?

AchangeBinvestigate

CwriteDunderstand

资料仅供参考

3.Eveninahighlymodernizedcountry,

manualworkisstillneeded.

AphysicalBmental

CnaturalDhard

4.Inthelattercasetheoutcomecanbe

seriousindeed.

AresultBjudgment

CdecisionDevent

5.NormanBlarneyisanartistofdeep

convictions.

AstatementsBbeliefs

CsuggestionsDclaims

资料仅供参考

6.Uptonow,theworkhasbeeneasy.

ASoBSolong

CSothatDSofar

7.Thereportadvocatedsettingupday

trainingcolleges.

AsupposedBexcited

CsuggestedDdiscussed

8.Accordingly,anumberofothermethods

havebeenemployed.

AThereforeBAfterwards

CHoweverDFurthermore

9.Theoutlookfromthetopofthemountain

isbreathtaking.

资料仅供参考

AviewBsight

ClookDpoint

10.Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwith

theirs.

AtenselyBnearly

CcarefullyDclosely

11.Theunionrepresentativeputacrossher

argumentveryeffectively.

AexplainedBinvented

CconsideredDaccepted

12.Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.

AheavyBstrong

资料仅供参考

CkindDwild

13.Itisnousedebatingtherelativemerits

ofthispolicy.

AmakingBtaking

CdiscussingDexpecting

14.Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeall

thatwearecapableofproducing.

AwasteBbuy

CuseDsell

15.Thefueltankshadacapacityof140

liters.

AfunctionBability

资料仅供参考

CpowerDvolume

第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，

共7分）

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请

根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句

提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如

果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂

黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题

卡上把C涂黑。

TheThreattoKiribati

ThepeopleofKiribatiareafraidthatone

dayinthenot-too-distantfuture,their

countrywilldisappearfromthefaceofthe

earth-literally.Severaltimesthisyear,

thePacificislandnationhasbeenflooded

byasuddenhightide.Thesetides,which

sweptacrosstheislandanddestroyedhouses,

资料仅供参考

camewhentherewasneitherwindnorrain.

“Thisneverhappenedbefore,saythe

oldercitizensofKiribati.

Whatiscausingthesemysterioushightides?

Theanswermaywellbeglobalwarming.When

fuelslikeoilandcoalarebeingburned,

pollutants（污染物）arereleased;these

pollutantstrapheatintheearth's

atmosphere.Warmertemperaturescausewater

toexpandandalsocreatemorewaterby

meltingglaciers（冰川）andpolar（极地的）

icecaps.

Ifthetrendcontinues,scientistssay,many

countrieswillsuffer,Bangladesh,for

example,mightloseone-fifthofitsland.

Thecoral（珊瑚）islandnationsofthe

Pacific,likeKiribatiandtheMarshall

Islands,however,wouldfaceanevenworse

fate-theywouldbeswallowedbythesea.

Thelossofthesecoralislandswouldbe

资料仅供参考

everyone?sloss.Coralformationsarehome

tomorespeciesthananyotherplaceon

earth.

Thepeopleofthesenationsfeelfrustrated.

Thesea,onwhichtheireconomieshave

alwaysbeenbased,issuddenlythreatening

theirexistence.Theydon'thavethemoney

forexpensivetechnologicalsolutionslike

seawalls.Andtheyhavenocontroloverthe

pollutants,whicharebeingreleasedmainly

byactivitiesinlargeindustrialized

countries.Alltheycandoistohopethat

industrializedcountrieswilltakestepsto

reducepollution.

16.ThepeopleofKiribatiworrythatoneday

theircountrywillbetakenawaybyasudden

hightide.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

资料仅供参考

17.HightidesusedtoattackKiribatiwhen

therewasstrongwindorheavyrain.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18.Theheatreleasedbyburningoilandcoal

isthedirectcauseofglobalwarming.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19.Scientistsarenotsurehowseriousthe

effectsofglobalwarmingwillbe.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20.ThecoralislandnationsofthePacific

havealonghistoryofcivilization.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21.Thepeopleofthecoralislandnations

areunabletodoanythingsubstantialabout

资料仅供参考

theproblemofglobalwarming.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22.Someindustrializedcountriesare

unwillingtospendmoneyinreducing

pollution.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题,

每题1分，共8分)

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：

(1)第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第

2、3、5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；

(2)第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择

4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂

在答题卡相应的位置上。

资料仅供参考

Robots

1Themostsophisticated（先进的）Japanese

robots,whichhavevisionsystemsandwork

atveryhighspeeds,arestillbasedon

Americandesigns.Studiesofrobots,

particularlycomputercontrolsoftware,are

consideredtobegenerallylessadvancedin

JapanthaninAmericaorEurope.

2Althoughindustrialrobotswere

originallydevelopedasdevicesforsimply

handlingobjects,todaytheircommonest

usesareformoreskilledworklikewelding

（焊接），spray-paintingandassembling

components.

3InBritain,robotsalesappropriately

peakedin1984,buthavebeendecliningever

since.ThisispartlybecauseBritishwage

ratesaretoolowtomakerobotsfinancially

资料仅供参考

attractiveandpartlybecauseengineersnow

havemoreexperiencewithrobotsandare

moreawareofthedifficultiesof

introducingthemeffectively.

4Ithasbeencalculatedthatarobotuses

onaverageabout100timesmoreenergythan

ahumantodoanequivalentjob.

5Itisestimatedthat20%ofallcomicbook

heroesinJapanarerobots.Thisisan

enormousnumberbecausecomicsareso

popularthattheymakeupathirdofall

materialpublishedinJapan.

6Thereliabilityofrobotsismeasuredin

theirM.T.B.F.ormeantimebetweenfailures.

Thishasrisenfromabout250hoursinthe

mid-1970stoabout10,000hourstoday

(equivalenttoworking18hoursadayfortwo

years.)Onewayrobotmanufacturershave

increasedreliabilityistotestevery

资料仅供参考

singlecomponenttheybuy,insteadofthe

normalprocedureofjusttestingasmall

sample.

7Thebiggestsinglebenefitofintroducing

robotsclaimedbyJapanesecompaniesisthat

theyincreasequalitycontrol.Once

programmed,therobotscanworkmore

accuratelyandconsistentlythanhumans,

whocangettiredandbored.

AOngoingResearch

BExtensionofUse

CRobotHeroes

DGreaterReliability

EFallingDemand

资料仅供参考

FHiddenDanger

23.Paragraph2

24.Paragraph3

25.Paragraph5

26.Paragraph6

27.EventhemostsophisticatedJapanese

robotsare.

28.RobotsarelesspopularinBritaintoday

partlybecause.

29.Onedisadvantageofusingrobotsisthat

theyconsume.

30.Theuseofrobotsincreases

资料仅供参考

Atoomuchenergy

BbasedonAmericandesigns

Ctheyaretoocostly

Dtheyarenotreliable

Equalitycontrol

Ffreeofcharge

第4部分：阅读理解（第31—45题，每题3分,

共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题

后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所

给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡

相应的位置上。

第一篇NewFoodsandtheNewWorld

资料仅供参考

Inthelast500years,nothingaboutpeople

-nottheirclothes,ideas,orlanguages

-haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.The

originalchocolatedrinkwasmadefromthe

seedsofthecocatree（可可树）bySouth

AmericanIndians.TheSpanishintroducedit

totherestoftheworldduringthe1500's.

Andalthoughitwasveryexpensive,it

quicklybecamefashionable.InLondon,

shopswherechocolatedrinkswereserved

becameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestill

existtoday.

ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around

1600,theSpanishbroughtitfromPeruto

Europe,whereitsoonwaswidelygrown.

Irelandbecamesodependentonitthat

thousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthe

cropfailedduringtheaPotatoFamine（饥

荒）”of1845-1846,andthousandsmorewere

forcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmoveto

资料仅供参考

America.

Therearemanyotherfoodsthathave

traveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorld.

Butsomeotherswentintheopposite

direction.Brazilisnowtheworld's

largestgrowerofcoffee,andcoffeeisan

importantcropinColombiaandotherSouth

Americancountries.Butitisnativeto

Ethiopia,acountryinAfrica.Itwasfirst

madeintoadrinkbyArabduringthe1400's.

AccordingtoanArabiclegend,coffeewas

discoveredwhenapersonnameKaldinoticed

thathisgoatswereattractedtothered

berriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneand

experiencedthe“wide-awake“feelingthat

one-thirdoftheworld?spopulationnow

startsthedaywith.

31.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthe

followinghaschangedthemostinthelast

资料仅供参考

500years?

A.Food

B.Clothing

C.Ideology.

D.Language.

32."Some"inthelastsentenceofthe

firstparagraphrefersto

A.somecocoatrees.

B.somechocolatedrinks.

C.someshops.

D.somesouthamericanindians.

33.ThousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedduring

资料仅供参考

the“PotatoFamine”because

A.theyweresodependentonpotatoesthat

theyrefusedtoeatanythingelse.

B.theywereforcedtoleavetheirhomeland

andmovetoamerica.

C.theweatherconditionsinirelandwere

notsuitableforgrowingpotatoes.

D.thepotatoharvestwasbad.

34.Whichcountryisthelargestcoffee

producer?

A.Brazil.

B.Colombia.

C.Ethiopia.

资料仅供参考

D.Egypt.

35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOT

true,accordingtothepassage?

A.Onethirdoftheworld'spopulation

drinkscoffee.

B.CoffeeisnativetoColombia.

C.Coffeecankeeponeawake.

D.CoffeedrinkswerefirstmadebyArabs.

第二篇PleaseFastenYourSeatbelts

Severeturbulence（湍流）cankillaircraft

passengers.Now,intestflightsoverthe

RockyMountains,NASA（美国航空航天局）

engineershavesuccessfullydetected

clear-airturbulenceupto10secondsbefore

anaircrafthitsit.

资料仅供参考

Clear-airturbulenceoftencatchespilots

bysurprise.Invisibletoradar,itis

difficulttoforecastandcanhurl（用力抛

出去）passengersaboutthecabin.In

December1997,onepassengerdiedanda

hundredotherswereinjuredwhenunexpected

roughaircausedaUnitedAirlinesflight

overthePacifictodrop300metresinafew

seconds.

However,passengerscanavoidserious

injurybyfasteningtheirseatbelts."Itis

theonlyantidote（对策）forthissortof

things,“saysRodBogue,projectmanagerat

NASA'sDrydenFlightResearchCenterin

Edwards,California.

Thecentresnewturbulencedetectoris

basedonlidar,orlaserradar,Laserpulses

aresentaheadoftheplaneandtheseare

thenreflectedbackbyparticlesintheair.

资料仅供参考

ThetechniquedependsontheDopplereffect.

Thewavelengthofthelightshiftsaccording

tothespeedatwhichtheparticlesare

approaching.Incalmair,thespeedequals

theplane'sairspeed.Butastheparticles

swirl（打漩）inroughair,theirspeedof

approachincreasesordecreasesrapidly.

Therateofchangeinspeedcorrespondsto

theseverity（激烈程度）oftheturbulence.

Inaseriesofteststhatbeganlastmonth,

aresearchjetflewrepeatedlyinto

disturbedairoverthemountainridges（lli

脉）nearPueblo,Colorado.Thelidar

detectorspottedturbulencebetween3and8

kilometresahead,anditsforecastsof

strengthanddurationcorrespondedclosely

withtheturbulencethattheplane

encountered.

Boguesaysthathehad“acomfortable

amountoftime“tofastenhisseatbelt.The

资料仅供参考

researchersareplanningtoimprovethe

lidar'srangewithamorepowerfulbeam.

Thesystemcouldbeinstalledoncommercial

aircraftinthenextfewyears.

36.Whatdoesaclear-airturbulence^

probablymean?(Paragraph1)

AAnotveryroughstorm.

BUnexpecteddisturbedair.

CAkindofvisiblestorm.

DAstormovermountainridges.

37.InDecember1997,aUnitedAirlines

flighthitunexpectedroughair,

Acausingalotofdamagetotheplane.

Bthrowingitspassengersoutofthecabin.

资料仅供参考

Cresultinginheavycasualties.

Dforcingthepilottomakeanemergency

landing.

38.Theturbulencedetectorcantellthe

severityoftheturbulencebymeasuring

Athespeedoftheplane.

Bthespeedofthelight.

Cthenumberofparticlesintheair.

Dthechangesoftheparticles'speed.

39.Wecaninferfromthefifthparagraph

that

Athelidardetectorcansuccessfully

forecastturbulence.

资料仅供参考

Bresearchersarenotsureaboutthe

effectivenessofthelidardetector.

Cpassengerplaneswillbeusedinfurther

experiments.

Dnomoretestflightsareneeded.

40.Thelastparagraphtellsus,amongother

things,that

Athelidardetectorneedsimprovement.

Bmanyairlinesareinterestedinthe

system.

Cpassengersoftenforgettofastentheir

seatbelts.

Dthelidardetectorcanbeusedinawide

rangeofareas.

资料仅供参考

第三篇“Salty”RicePlantBoostsHarvests

Britishscientistsarebreedinganew

generationofriceplantsthatwillbeable

togrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Their

workmayenableabandonedfarmstobecome

productiveoncemore.

TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussex

University'sSchoolofBiologicalSciences,

havespentseveralyearsresearchinghow

crops,suchasrice,couldbemadetogrow

inwaterthathasbecomesalty.

Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-year

programme,fundedbytheBiotechnologyand

BiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,to

establishwhichgenesenablesomeplantsto

survivesaltyconditions.Theaimisto

breedthiscapabilityintocrops,starting

withrice.

资料仅供参考

Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan100

hectares（公顷）ofagriculturallandare

lostbecausesaltgetsintothesoiland

stunts（妨碍生长）plants.Theproblemis

causedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics,

mangroves（红树林）thatcreateswamps（沼

泽）andtraditionallyformedbarrierstosea

waterhavebeencutdown.Inthe

Mediterranean,aseriesofdroughtshave

causedthewatertabletodrop,allowingsea

watertoseep（渗透）in.inLatinAmerica,

irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwater

isevaporated（蒸发）bytheheat,leaving

saltdepositsbehind.

Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsand

preventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavy

concentrationsofmineralsintheplants

stopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedto

survive.

资料仅供参考

Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeo

decidedtobreedriceplantsthattakein

verylittlesaltandstorewhattheydo

absorbincellsthatdonotaffectthe

plants'growth.Theyhavestartedtobreed

thesecharacteristicsintoanewricecrop,

butitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbefore

theresultingseedsarereadytobe

consideredforcommercialuse.

Oncethecharacteristicsforsurviving

saltysoilareknown,FlowersandYeowill

trytobreedtheappropriategenesintoall

mannersofcropsandplants.Landthathas

beenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeable

tobloomagain,providingmuchneededfood

inthepoorercountriesoftheworld.

41Whichofthefollowingstatementsabout

FlowersandYeoistrue?

ATheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.

资料仅供参考

BTheyarericebreeders.

CTheyarehusbandandwife

DTheyarecolleaguesataninstitutionof

higherlearning.

42FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogramme

Atofindwaystopreventwaterpollution.

Btoidentifygenesthatpromotegrowthin

saltysoil.

Ctobreedriceplantsthattastesalty.

Dtofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfrom

soil.

43WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentioned

asacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthe

资料仅供参考

passage?

ANaturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeen

destroyed.

BThewatertablehasgonedownafter

droughts.

CSealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.

DEvaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind.

44Theword“affect“inParagraph6could

bebestreplacedby

A“influence”

B“effect”

C“stop”

D“present”

资料仅供参考

45Theattitudeoftheauthortowardsthe

researchprojectis

Apositive

Bnegative.

Csuspicious

Dindifferent.

第5部分：补全短文（第46-50题，每题2分,

共10分）

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面

有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，

将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

LookingintotheFuture

资料仅供参考

BertrandRussell,afamousphilosopher,

saidin1944,“Theonethingthestudyof

thepastteachesusisthatthefutureis

neverhowpeopleimagineitwillbe.”

In1946,physicistspredictedthatwithin

twentyyears,mostoftheworld'senergy

wouldbesuppliedbynuclearpower.

(46)In1951,afamoussurgeon

saidthatheandhiscolleagueswere

confidentthat“bytheendofthe1950s,a

cureformostifnotallcancerswillhave

beenfound."In1954,anAmericaneconomist

predictedAmericanswouldgoongetting

richerandricher.(47).

Intheyear1969,anautomationengineer

workingforMaxFactorCosmeticsinBritain

saidthat“withintwentyortwenty-five

yearsfactoriesthattodayemployhundreds

ofworkerswillneedonlyfiveorten

资料仅供参考

computertechnicianstorunthem.”

_____________(48).

Intheearly1970s,thereweremany

predictionsthatbeforetheendofthe

centurymosthomesintheUnitedStates,

EuropeandJapanwouldhavecomputersin

them.(49)

Longbefore1980,itwaspredictedthat

insteadoflettingnatureandluckchoose

theirchildren'scharacteristics,people

wouldhavetodecidewhichcharacteristics

theywantedtheirchildrentoinheritfrom

themandpreviousgenerationsintheir

families.(50)Wemaybeable

tohave“undesirable“characteristics

changedordestroyedthroughgenetic

therapy.Perhapswemayevenbegintowish

thatBertrandRussellwasrightwhenhesaid

thathistoryteachesusthatthefutureis

neverlikethatfutureweimagine.

资料仅供参考

A“Bytheendofthecentury,“hesaid,

atherewillbenopovertyanywhereinthe

country.”

BIfthispredictioncomestrue,wewillbe

facedwithamuchgreaterresponsibility

thaneverbefore.

CAccordingtothesamepredictions,this

wouldresultin“aninformation

explosion“aswellas“radicaland

revolutionarychangesinthewaywework,

learn,anddobusiness.”

DWhenthispredictioncametrue,more

peoplewouldbekilledthaneverbefore.

ETheywerecertainthatthiswouldnotonly

be“farcleanerthancoalandotherfossil

fuelsbutfarsaferandmuchcheaper.”

资料仅供参考

FHeaddedthatthis“willleadtoenormous

socialproblemsforunskilledmanual

workersinparticular,whowillbeunableto

findwork.”

第6部分：完形填空（第51—65题，每题1分,

共15分）

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白

给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项

中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置

上。

TheAmericanFamily

IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwife

usuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.

Whenthechildrenare（51）

enough,theytakepartaswell.Foreigners

areoftensurprisedbythepermissiveness

（宽容）ofAmericanparents.Theoldrule

资料仅供参考

that“childrenshouldbeseenandnot

heard”israrely(52),andchildren

areoftenallowedtodo(53)

theywishwithoutstrictcontroloftheir

parents.Thefatherseldomexpectshis

childrentolistentohim(54)

question,andchildrenareencouragedtobe

(55)atanearlyage.Some

peoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarry

thisfreedom(56)far.Others

thi