【课件】Unit+1+Discover+useful+Strctures+课件-人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

选择性必修一Unit1DiscoverUsefulStructures

Non-RestrictiveRelativeClauses

非限制性定于从句

语法讲解知识脉络

语法精讲1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的不同(1)定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句与其所修饰的先行词关系紧密;非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切,它与主句之间常用逗号隔开,起补充说明的作用。Heboughtabookwhichisinteresting.他买了一本有趣的书。(限制作用)Heboughtabook,whichisinteresting.他买了一本书,那本书很有趣。(补充说明)(2)限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是单个的名词或代词,也可以是整个句子。Idon'tlikethebookthat/whichmybrotherhasboughtforme.我不喜欢哥哥给我买的这本书。Tomhadmadegreatprogress,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.汤姆取得了很大进步,这使他父母很高兴。2.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句往往是对先行词或整个主句的附加说明,它与主句之间一般用逗号隔开,常常单独翻译,如果省略,主句意义仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as,which,who,whom,whose等,可做定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有when,where等,可做定语从句的状语。关系代词和关系副词在非限制性定语从句中一般不能省略。(1)which引导which引导非限制性定语从句,可指代主句中的名词,也可以指代整个主句。可在从句中做主语、宾语或者表语。Theoldbike,whichwasboughtthreeyearsago,isalmostoutofusenow.这辆旧自行车是三年前买的,现在几乎不用了。(指代上文的名词)Theboyisoftenverycareless,whichmakeshismotherangry.这个男孩经常很粗心,这使得他妈妈很是生气。(指代整个主句)(2)who/whom引导who/whom引导非限制性定语从句,指代主句中的人。who可在从句中做主语、宾语或者表语;whom在从句中做宾语。Thegirl,whohadwonfirstprize,wenttoHongKongforeducation.这个女孩,已经获得一等奖,去香港接受教育了。ThismorningImetTom,whomIhadn'tseenforyears.今天早上我遇到汤姆了,我好几年没见他了。(3)whose引导whose引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中做定语修饰名词。Theprofessor,whosedaughterisveryfamous,isgivingaspeech.这位教授正在做演讲,他的女儿非常著名。(4)when引导when引导非限制性定语从句,可在从句中做时间状语,指代主句中表示时间的词语。HewillputoffthepicnicuntilMay,whenhewillbefree.他将把野餐推迟到五月,那时他会有空。(5)where引导where引导非限制性定语从句,可在从句中做地点状语,指代主句中表示地点的词语。Tendayslater,theyarrivedataplace,wherethereweremanybeautifulflowers.十天后,他们到了一个地方,那里有许多漂亮的花。(6)as引导as引导非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句,可在从句中做主语、宾语或者表语。as引导的从句可位于句首、句中或句末。Asyouknow,Idon'tlikegoingoutatweekends.你知道的,我周末不喜欢出去。Theoldbridge,asweallknow,hasattractedalotofvisitors.我们都知道,这座古桥已经吸引了很多游客。【即学即用】

单句语法填空①Thegirl,_________________Ioftensayhelloto,ishelpingmewithmyEnglish.

②_________________wehadexpected,thenewplanworkedoutverywell.

③Theoldmancametoanisland,________________hemetthefamousscientist.

whomAswhere④HewillcomebackinJuly,_________________wewillhaveagoodtalk.

⑤Thefarmerwasworkinginthefield,_________________sonwasplayingbesidehim.⑥Theman,_________________wasborninasmallvillage,hasbecomefamousnow.

whenwhosewho句型转换⑦Mybrotherridesanewbikeanditwasboughtlastmonth.Mybrotherridesanewbike,__________________________________________.

whichwasboughtlastmonth(7)“介词+关系代词”引导关系代词可在介词后引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词which有时并不代表主句中某一确定的词,而是概括整个主句的意思。介词的选择取决于它与先行词的搭配或与从句中谓语动词的搭配。Theyofferedmesomeadvice,withoutwhichIcouldn'thavepassedthetest.他们给了我一些建议,没有这些建议我是无法通过考试的。Themanboughtafarm,onwhichhischildrenlivedhappily.这个男人买了一个农场,在农场里他的孩子们幸福地生活着。(8)“名词/代词+of+which/whom”引导Thereare30chairsinthesmallhall,mostofwhicharenew.这个小厅里有三十把椅子,绝大部分是新的。Thefactoryhasover8,000workers,eightypercentofwhomarewomen.这个厂子有八千多名工人,女职工占百分之八十。【即学即用】

单句语法填空⑧TheythankedTom,_________________whosesupporttheywouldnothavesucceeded.

⑨Thesenewneighbours,__________whomIwasintroducedyesterday,werefriendly.withoutto句型转换Theoldprofessorhastwochildren,andbothofthemarehard-working.Theoldprofessorhastwochildren,_________________________________________.

Thegirlsarecleaningthewindows,andmostofthemareverydirty.Thegirlsarecleaningthewindows,

_________________________________________.

bothofwhomare

hard-workingmostofwhichareverydirty3.使用非限制性定语从句时应注意的事项(1)that可用来引导限制性定语从句,但不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词,即使在从句中做宾语,一般也不省略。HerEnglish,whichusedtobeverypoor,isnowexcellent.(句中的which不可换成that)她的英语过去很差,现在很好了。(2)除了用于对具体事物补充信息,非限制性定语从句还可以是针对整个句子内容的说明,这时从句的谓语动词要用第三人称单数。SheseemednottohaveunderstoodwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetme.她似乎没领会我的意思,这使我很心烦。(3)非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,需要用forwhich代替why。Noneofusacceptedthereasonheexplained,forwhichhewasabsent.我们没有一个人接受他解释的缺席的理由。【即学即用】

单句语法填空①Hemadeabigmistake,______________ledtohimlosinghisjob.

②Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,______________theweathermaybebetter.

③Theriver,______________flowsthroughLondon,iscalledtheThames.

whichwhenwhich完成句子④正如我们都预料的那样,他被一所重点大学录取了。_____________________________________,hewasadmittedintoakeyuniversity.

⑤这部电影很受欢迎,是一个年轻人导演的。Thefilm,_______________________________,wasdirectedbyayoungman.

Asweallhadexpectedwhichwasverypopular单句语法填空1.Itiswrongofyoutostandup_________________yourteacherinpublic.

答案:to2.Someoftheroadswereflooded,_________________madeourjourneymoredifficult.

答案:which3._________________isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedoutthedifficultproblem.答案:As4.Iwalkedinourgarden,_________________Jimwassittingbesidesomeflowers.

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