血液 组织胚胎学课件

Chapter5

bloodandbloodformationChapter5

bloodandbloodform11.BloodRBC(redbloodcell)redfluidcell

WBC+PL

connectivetissue

intercellularsubstancegroundsubstance:serum

fiber:fibrinogen/fibrin

bloodplasma

1.Blood21).RBC(erythrocyte):biconcavedisc,7.5～8.5μm,central1μm,periphery2μmhemoglobin(Hb)

Wright’sstain

tangerinecolorfunction:transportoxygenandcarbondioxide

1).RBC(erythrocyte):3

inmale

RBC

(4～5)×1012/L

infemale

(3.5～4.5)×1012/LHb120～150g/L105～135g/Lanemia:RBC<3×1012/LHb<100g/LRBC<6μmHb↓Microcytemacrocyte

erythrocytosis:increasednumberofRBCApproximatenumberperL

4hemolysis(溶血):osmoticpressure

ghost血影reticulocyte:

adult:0.5～1.5%infant:3～6%

hemolysis(溶血):reticulocyte:52).WBC(whitebloodcell,leukocyte)

nocolouratfreshstate→calledWBCnormalnumber:(4～10)×109/Lclassification:granulocyte:Neutrophil,Eosinophil,Basophilagranulocyte:Monocyte,Lymphocyte2).WBC(whitebloodcell,leuk6(1).Neutrophil:50～70%structure:

spherical,10～12µm

nucleus:bandformorstabcelllobate:2～5

lobesleftmigrationrightmigration

granules:1.azurophilicgranules:purple,20%,

lysosomeacidicphosphatase,hyperoxidase2.specialgranules:pink,80%,smaller

phagocytinlysozyme(1).Neutrophil:50～70%struc7中性粒细胞电镜图（↑特殊颗粒△嗜天青颗粒）中性粒细胞电镜图8

thefunctionofNeutrophil:

activeameboidmovement,

chemotaxiaandphagocytosispuscell(sputum)

thefunctionofNeutrophil:9中性粒细胞吞噬细菌电镜图细胞核特殊颗粒吞噬的细菌糖原吞噬体ThefunctionofNeutrophil:activeameboidmovement,chemotaxiaandphagocytosis

puscell(sputum)

中性粒细胞吞噬细菌电镜图细胞核特殊颗粒吞噬的细菌糖原吞噬体10(2).Eosinophil:0.5～3%

structure:10～15µm,2～3lobes,acidophilicgranules

acidphosphatase,hyperoxidase,histaminase,arylsulfatase

function:1.resistanaphylaxis:engulfantigen-antibodycomplexreleasehistaminaseinactivatinghistamine

release

arylsulfatase

inactivatinleukotriene2.killparasite:helpedbyantibody(2).Eosinophil:0.5～3%struct11嗜酸性粒细胞超微结构嗜酸性粒细胞超微结构12(3).Basophil:0～1%structure:

10～12µm

nucleus:irregular,palestaining

purplebluegranuleswithdifferentsizeheparin,histamine,

leukotriene(3).Basophil:0～1%struct13嗜碱性粒细胞超微结构嗜碱性粒细胞超微结构14(4).Monocyte:3～8%

structure:14～20µm,roundnucleus:palestaining

kidney,horseshoeorovoidshaped,

grey-bluishcytoplasm

azurophilicgranulesacidicphosphatase,hyperoxidase,lysozymefunction:phagocytosis-----macrophagemononuclearphagocyticsystem(4).Monocyte:3～8%structure15单核细胞超微结构单核细胞超微结构16(5).Lymphocyte:20～30%

structure:round6～8µm:smallL9～12µm:middleL13～20µm:largeLazurophilicgranulessmallLlargenucleusdensechromatinalittlecytoplasmsky-blue

(5).Lymphocyte:20～30%stru17淋巴细胞超微结构淋巴细胞超微结构18T:thymusdependantL→cellularimmunity细胞免疫B:bonemarrowdependentL→humoralimmunity体液免疫NK:Naturekillerlymphocyte

T:thymusdependantL→193).bloodplatelet(thrombocyte):Originatefrommegakaryocytebiconvexdisc，2-4µmgranulomerehyalomere

3).bloodplateletOriginatefr20图20血小板超微结构模式图EM:opencanalicularsystem,densetubularsystemspecialgranules:clottingfactordensegranule:serotonin,adrenaline图20血小板超微结构模式图EM:21图5-9血小板超微结构图5-9血小板超微结构22normalnumber:

(100~300)×109/L

Function:

clotbloodandstopbleeding:bloodvesselsrupture→Ptactivitedcollect→stopbleeding

clottingfactors→fibrinogen→fibrin→clottingbloodprotectandrepairendotheliumpreventatherosclerosisnormalnumber:Function:232.Bloodformation

lifespan:RBC---120dayWBC---days,weeks,yearsembryo:2thweekbloodislets(yolksac)6thweekliver12thweekspleen

20thweekbonemarrow

2.Bloodformation241).structureofredbonemarrow:

redbonemarrow:fetus,infant；adult:spongyboneyellowbonemarrow:bonecavityoflongbone

1).structureofredbonemarr252.stromalcell:

macrophage,fatcell,mesenchymalcells,fibroblast,HIM:

hematopoieticinductivemicroenvironment

hematopoietictissue

:1.reticulartissue3.bloodcellsatdifferentstageofdevelopment:2.stromalcell:macrophage,fa26

bloodsinusoid:endothelium:

fenestrated,largeintercellularspace

2.basementmembrane:

incomplete

bloodsinusoid:27红骨髓切片1血窦2巨核细胞3脂肪细胞红骨髓切片1血窦2巨核细胞3脂肪细胞282).hematopoieticstemcell&hematopoieticprogenitor:

1.hematopoieticstemcell:

structure:similartosmalllymphocytecharacters:

multipotentialdifferentiationself-renewingcapabilityproliferativecapability2).hematopoieticstemcell&292.hematopoieticprogenitor---

committedstemcell

colonystimulatingfactor

certainbloodcellhavebeendeterminedprogenitors:progenitorofRBCsystem:(erythropoietin)progenitorofneutrophil-macrophagesyste(granulopioetin)progenitorofmegakaryocytesystem(thrombopoietin)3).Bloodformation

1.developingstages:

primitivestage,youngstage,maturestage2.hematopoieticprogenitor--30血细胞发生示意图血细胞发生示意图312.morphologicalchangerules:1).cellbody:largesmall,exceptmegakaryocyte2).nucleus:largesmall,RBCdisappearnucleolus:morefewdisappear3).cytoplasm:littlemorebasophilia:strongweakspecialgranules:nothing----more

muchmore4).divisioncapability:strongdisappear2.morphologicalchangerules:323.developingprocess: