【中考卷】河南省2022届中考英语全真模拟测试卷（一）（含答案与解析）

河南省2022届中考全真模拟测试卷（一）

英语

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答第I卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。

3.回答第II卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。

4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

5.考试范围：中考全部内容。

一、阅读理解（20小题，每小题2分，共40分）

阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。

A

（2021・湖北・武汉一初慧泉中学模拟预测）

ProvidedbyKJ

HEALTHScienceDaily2021,May,14

CuteCareforVirus

Ifyou'veeverseenanalpaca（羊驼）,youmightjustthinkthey'refuzzyandcute.Nowitlookslikethese

animalsmightbeabletohelpscientistsfindavaccine（疫苗）forCOVID-19.

Australianscientistsarestudyingalpacas.Theseanimalshaveauniqueimmuneresponse（免疫反应）.

ScientistsusedtousethemtodoresearchonviruseslikeHIV.Nowtheyhavefoundthatwhenalpacasareinfected

withCOVID-19,theirbodiesreactinaspecialway.

“Alpacasandanimalslikethem（suchascamels）actuallycreatetwodifferenttypesofantibodies（抗体）.

Oneissimilartothetypewehumansmake,buttheyalsocreatethesethingscallednanobodies（纳米抗体）Jsaid

MichaelJames,aresearcherwhotookpartinthestudy.Thenanobodies,however,canstopinfectionfrom

happening.Youcanthinkofourcellsas“locks“andtheviralspikeproteinasa"key”.Jamessaidthenanobodies

fillthe“lock"sothatthe“key”cannotgetin.

Althoughtheresultslookgoodsofar,itwilltakesometimetoproduceavaccinebasedonthefindings.The

nanobodiesrequirefarmoreresearchtomakesuretheyarebotheffectiveandsafe.Sincethenanobodiesarenew,

theymustbetestedverystrictlyinalaboratorybeforetheycanbetriedonhumans,accordingtoJames.

1.Accordingtothematerial,wecanknowthat.A.thephotowasprovidedbyJames

B.thevaccinewillbeproducedonMay14

C.CuteCareforViruscomesfromChinaDaily

D.ScienceDailyreportedthenews

2.Whyarescientistsstudyingalpacas?

A.TohelpwithresearchonHIV.B.TodevelopavaccineforCOVID-19.

C.ToinventeffectivemedicinesfbrHIV.D.TotestnewmedicinesforCOVID-19.

3.Whatistheroleofnanobodies?

A.Infectingbodycells.B.Killingviruses.

C.Protectingcellsfrominfection.D.Producingviralspikeproteins.

4.Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?

A.Theresearchonnanobodiesusesaspecialmethod.

B.Theresearchonnanobodieshasn'tgonewell.

C.Thenanobodieshavebeentriedonhumans.

D.Thenanobodieswillcontinuetobetested.

5.ThewritergivesthetitleCuteCareforVirusbecausehewantsto.

A.askthereaderstohelphimanswerB.guidethereaderstounderstandbetter

C.makethereadersthinklessD.increasethereaders?readingspeed

B

（2021•山东黄岛•二模）InordertowinthewaragainstCOVID-19,ourcountrydecidedto

putoffthestarttimeofschoolinspring2020.ItwassaidthatschoolshouldnotstartbeforeMarch.

Theexactstartingtimewasn'tdecidedyet.However,manyparentsareveryworriedthatputtingoff

thestartofschoolmayinfluencechildren'sstudies.Iftheyhavesuchalongwintervacation,

childrenwillnotlearnanyknowledge,readbooksorstudyatall.Theymayforgetwhattheyhave

learnedbefore.Theywillkeepeating,sleepingandplaying.Sohowshouldweavoidtheseproblems?

Localgovernmentsdecidedtoorganizeonlineteachingandcreateanetworkplatform（平台），

wherenecessarycourseswillbeshowneveryday,andonlineteachingwillbegivenbyexcellent

teachersofthesubject,andstudentscanlearnathomethroughcomputerormobilenetwork.It

shouldbesaidthatsuchawayisverygood.Itcannotonlykeepstudentsindoorsandnotworry

aboutbeinginfected（感染），butalsomakethemstudyathome,improvetheirlearningability,and

trulyachieve“nosuspensionofclasses”.Boththeplatformitselfandtherecordedlessonsaremore

useful,andarewelcomedbyparentsandteachers.Ofcourse,exceptforlearningathome,itisalso

necessarytoteachchildrenabouthealthknowledge,especiallyhowtokeepawayfromtouching

virus（病毒）.Atthesametime,itisalsonecessaryforchildrentodosomephysicalexercisesor

somegames,whichisgoodforphysicalhealthathome.

6.Parentsworriedaboutputtingoffthestarttimeofschoolbecause

A.childrenmaybeinfectedbyvirusB.theydon'tliketheideaofonlinelearning

C.children'sstudymaybeinfluencedD.parentshavenotimetolookafterchildren.

7.Exceptforlearningathome,whatisalsonecessaryaccordingtothewriter?

A.Tokeepplayingonlinegames.B.Toteachchildrenabouthealthknowledge.

C.Tokeeptouchingdifferentpeople.D.Todosomephysicalexercisesoutside.

8.Theunderlinedword“suspension“probablymeans

A.planB.changeC.growthD.stop

9.WhichisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Studentswouldrathergotoschool.B.Thedateofgoingtoschoolisdecided.

C.Onlineteachingwillhelpstudentsstudy.D.Parentsbelievechildrencanteach

themselves.

10.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.ASpecialWaytoLearnatHomeB.ANewWarwithaNewChance

C.AWaytoKeepPhysicallyHealthyD.AMethodtoMakeParentsWorried

（2022•江苏海陵,九年级期末）；

OnNov.16,sevenastronautsontheInternationalSpaceStation（ISS）wokeuptoanalarm（警

报）.ARussianmissile（导弹）testhadjustbombedasatelliteintomorethan1,500piecesofspace

debris（残骸）.SomegotveryclosetotheISS.

NASAsaysspacedebrislikethiscantravelatmorethan28,000km/h.That'smuchfasterthan

abullet（子弹）（about3,500km/h）.Evenapea-sizedpieceofdebriscould“wipeout“aspace

stationorkillanastronautifheorsheisdoingaspacewalk,saysLiveScience.

Sincethe1950s,humanshavesentthousandsofrocketsandsatellitesintospace.Manyare

stillthere,andwenowfaceanever-increasingproblemofspacerubbish.In2006,forexample,

NationalGeographicreportedthatatinypieceofspacerubbishhittheISS,takingasmallpieceof

glassoutofawindow.InJuneofthisyear,apieceofdebrisranintooneofthestation'srobotic

arms,whicharejustlikethearmsofarobot,andleftahole.

Scientistsaretryingdifferentwaystodealwiththeproblem.Onewayistouseahugenet.In

2018,theUK'sSurveySpaceCentercaughtsomespacerubbishwithanetinanexperiment.Itfirst

foundthedebris,andthencollecteditwithanetandaharpoon（鱼叉）.

Anotherwayistouseroboticarms.ClearSpace1,theEuropeanSpaceAgency'stasktoclean

spacerubbish,isgoingtobesentintospacein2025.Itwilluseroboticarmstocatchdebris.This

planstothrowthedebrisintoEarth'satmosphere（大气层），whereitwillburnupasitfallsbecause

ofstrongfriction（摩擦）.

11.ThebomboftheRussianmissilemainlycausesaccordingtothearticle.

A.plantsB.soilC.foodD.spacedebris

12.AccordingtoNASA,spacedebrismovesasfastasabullet.

A.eighttimesB.ninetimesC.seventimesD.sixtimes

13.Whathappenstoaspacestationifitgets“wipedout”?

A.Itgetscleaned.B.Itgetsrebuilt.C.Itgetsbroken.D.Itgetsold.

14.Thebestwaystodealwithspacedebrisisaccordingtothearticle,

a.throwingitawayintotheplanet

b.throwingitintothesuntoburnup

c.collectingitwithnetsandharpoons

d.throwingitintoEarth'satmospheretobumup

A.adB.cdC.abD.bd

15.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3-4?

A.Thereisnothingwecandotodealwithspacedebris.

B.Theastronautsarequitesafeinspaceeventhereisspacedebris.

C.Moreandmoretasksarefailingbecausewedon'twanttocausespacerubbish.

D.Thousandsofoldrocketsandsatellitesareturningintospacerubbishforyears.

D

根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意通顺、

内容完整。

（2021•广东•广州市协和中学二模）Yourschooldaysshouldbesomeofthebestandhappiest

daysofyourlife.16And,howcanyoumakesureyoudon'twastethiswonderful

opportunitytolearn?

•Bepositiveaboutschool!Don'tsaythingsaredifficultorboring.17Joininlotsof

activities.Bequicktoputyourhandsupinclass.Alwaysgoaroundtheschoolwithabigsmile.

•Neverputoffwhatyoucandotodaytilltomorrow.18Ifyougetbehindtheclass,itis

verydifficulttogetbackinfront.Youcannotfinisharaceifyourestallthetime.

•Don'tbetoodisappointedifthingssometimesgobadly.Everyonefailssometests,losessome

matchesandhasbaddays.19Andtheysometimessayanddounpleasantthings.

•20Don'twastelifelyinginbedonSaturdaymorning.Goandplayasport,learnthe

piano,workonaproject,readabook,practiseEnglish,orhelpsomeonewithproblems.Thereare

alwaysalotofthingstodo.

Followmyadvice,andhaveahappyschoollife.

A.Planyourtime.

B.Donotsayyouwilldothingslater.

C.Beinterestedinschoollifeandyourschoolsubjects.

D.Howcanyougetmostfromthem?

E.Friendsarenotalwaysperfect.

二、完形填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分）

先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白

处的最佳答案。

（2022•河南郑州•一模）MynameisArthurHankins.Thefirstfourteenyearsofmylifewere

nearlyperfectuntilmyparentstoldmesometerrible21thatwouldchangemylife

forever.ButbeforeItellyouthebadnews,letmetellyouabouta22dayinmylife.

Everymorning,mymomwakesmeupsoftlyandtakestimetolistentomy23.She

laughsatthestrangeonesandpretends（假装）tobeafraidwhenI24herthescaryones.

Thenthe25ofbreakfastcarriesmedownstairs.Duringthedrivetoschool,Ichoose

themusicwelistento.Mom,Dad,andIsingalong26.Atdinner,weeatandtellstories

aboutourdayhappily.Well,it'sthetimeformetotellyouthe27news.Afewmonths

ago,myparentstoldmethatsoonI'mgoingto28alittlesister.Ugh!Forfourteenyears,

Ihavebeenthecenterof29.Ihaven'thadtosharemyparentswithanybody.Onemore

personwillmakeourhousetoo30.Iwillhavetosharemyroomwiththebaby.Mom

won'thavetimetolistentomydreamsanymore.

Today,MomandDadarecominghomefromthehospitalwithmynewsister,andI'vedecided

totellthemtheyshouldjust3]Well,heretheyare,Suddenly,Momhugs

32andkissesthetopofmyhead.33Iknowit,Dadputsthebabyin

mylap（大腿部）.Mybabysister34outandgrabs（抓）myfinger.Ithinksheknows

thatI'mherbigbrotherandshelikesme35Hey,maybehavingalittlesisterwon't

besobad.IbelieveMomandDadhaveenoughloveforbothofus.

21.A.newsB.storiesC.plansD.means

22.A.rightB.greatC.seriousD.simple

23.A.excusesB.choicesc.requestsD.dreams

24.A.askB.tellc.leaveD.give

25.A.tasteB.feelc.smellD.sound

26.A.clearlyB.loudlyc.patientlyD.politely

27.A.badB.localC.latestD.special

28.A.saveB.haveC.educate

D.influence

29.A.attentionB.expressionC.examination

D.conversation

30.A.oldB.dirtyC.crowded

D.dangerous

31.A.letherdownB.blowherawayC.wakeherupD.takeher

back

32.A.meB.usC.herD.them

33.A.WhenB.UnlessC.Before

D.Although

34.A.criesB.rushesC.reachesD.gets

35.A.againB.finallyC.already

D.sometimes

三、语篇填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分）

第一节

阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每

空限填一词，每词限用一次。

（2021•河南省第二实验中学二模）

couragefinalneverthoughkeylikehardhetrymakebutwith

Themindissharperthanaknife.Wecanuseittofightagainstthechallengeandtocutthe

stone.Everyoneiscreative,andyoujustneedtofindtheright36toopenit.Followtheshort

storytounderstandthepowerofself-confidence.Fallingoverstones,amanwas37tofind

hiswaythroughadarkcavewithalightofhopefromalantern.38,hecouldfollowthe

sunlightenteringthecave,which39himhappy.Butashewentcloser,hewaspuzzledto

seeahugerockstandingbeforehim40anelephant.Soon,herealizedthat41wasthe

onlystrengthheownedtoovercometheblock.

Hepushedtherockwithallhisstrength,42failed.Hefelthopeless.However,while

hewassittingatthefootofthehugerockinthemouthofthelargecave,lookingbackathisattempt,

hesaidto43,"Iwillgetoutofhere.”

Thismusthaveaddedtohispowerandgivenhimmoreenergyinpushingthehugepiece.The

rockbegantomovealittlebit,whichencouragedhimtowork44.Hegottiredbuthewould

45giveup.

Slowly,therockmadewayforhimpayinghonortoallhisefforts.Hewalkedalongthebright

andevergreenpathbeforehimwithpride.

第二节

阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。

（2022.河南郑州•一模）

Manyofuslovetakingselfies（自拍）.Inthepast,wetookselfies46liftingmobile

phones.Butsometimeswecouldn'tgetaperfectshot.

That'swhytheselfiestickwasinvented.Thisstickreachesonemeterlonginordertogetmore

peopleintoapicture.Soit'smucheasier47takeselfies.Selfiestickscanbeeasily

foldedupandtakenwithyou.Buttheyalsocomewithsafetyrisks.People48tryto

usethemwhenridingabikecouldgethurt.Incrowdedplaces,thestickswouldgetin

49wayofotherpeople'spictures.Recently,manypeoplehavegivenupusingthem.

Somethinkselfiesticksshouldn't50allowedinpublicplaces.

四、补全对话（5小题，每小题2分，共10分）

根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。

A:Hi,LiHua.TvelearnedyouaregoingtoFrancetostudypainting.51

B:TmleavingonMonday.

A:52

B:No,never.It'sthefirsttimeformetogotoFrance.

A:Parisisabeautifulcity.Ithassomebeautifulsights,includingtheEiffelTower.53

B:No.Itisnearmyschool.

A:54

B:Yes,FvelearnedalittleFrenchatschool.

A:WhatwillyoudoifyouwanttoeatChinesefood?

B:55

A:Youaresohardworking.Haveagoodtrip!

B:Thankyou.

五、书面表达（20分）

56.（2021•河南新蔡•一模）校报针对相关新冠肺炎及新冠疫情期间逆行的医护人员进

行了报道。假如你是你校的李明，你被深深地感动了，你想给医护人员写一封感谢信，借

此表达你对医护人员的感恩感谢，致敬奋战在抗击一线的医护人员。

要点提示：1）表达感恩感谢。2）个人感受。3）表达愿望。

参考词汇：C0VID-19新冠肺炎，pandemic疫情,infection感染

要求：1）可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。2）词数100左右。

参考答案

一、阅读理解（20小题，每小题2分，共40分）

阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。

A

（2021・湖北・武汉一初慧泉中学模拟预测）

ProvidedbyKJ

HEALTHScienceDaily2021,May,14

CuteCareforVirus

Ifyou'veeverseenanalpaca（羊驼）,youmightjustthinkthey9refuzzyandcute.Nowitlookslikethese

animalsmightbeabletohelpscientistsfindavaccine（疫苗）forCOVID-19.

Australianscientistsarestudyingalpacas.Theseanimalshaveauniqueimmuneresponse（免疫反应）.

ScientistsusedtousethemtodoresearchonviruseslikeHIV.Nowtheyhavefoundthatwhenalpacasareinfected

withCOVID-19,theirbodiesreactinaspecialway.

“Alpacasandanimalslikethem（suchascamels）actuallycreatetwodifferenttypesofantibodies（抗体）.

Oneissimilartothetypewehumansmake,buttheyalsocreatethesethingscallednanobodies（纳米抗体）Jsaid

MichaelJames,aresearcherwhotookpartinthestudy.Thenanobodies,however,canstopinfectionfrom

happening.Youcanthinkofourcellsas"locks"andtheviralspikeproteinasa“key”.Jamessaidthenanobodies

fillthe"lock"sothatthe"key"cannotgetin.

Althoughtheresultslookgoodsofar,itwilltakesometimetoproduceavaccinebasedonthefindings.The

nanobodiesrequirefarmoreresearchtomakesuretheyarebotheffectiveandsafe.Sincethenanobodiesarenew,

theymustbetestedverystrictlyinalaboratorybeforetheycanbetriedonhumans,accordingtoJames.

1.Accordingtothematerial,wecanknowthat.A.thephotowasprovidedbyJames

B.thevaccinewillbeproducedonMay14

C.CuteCareforViruscomesfromChinaDaily

D.ScienceDailyreportedthenews

2.Whyarescientistsstudyingalpacas?

A.TohelpwithresearchonHIV.B.TodevelopavaccineforCOVID-19.

C.ToinventeffectivemedicinesforHIV.D.TotestnewmedicinesforCOVID-19.

3.Whatistheroleofnanobodies?

A.Infectingbodycells.B.Killingviruses.

C.Protectingcellsfrominfection.D.Producingviralspikeproteins.

4.Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?

A.Theresearchonnanobodiesusesaspecialmethod.

B.Theresearchonnanobodieshasn'tgonewell.

C.Thenanobodieshavebeentriedonhumans.

D.Thenanobodieswillcontinuetobetested.

5.ThewritergivesthetitleCuteCareforVirusbecausehewantsto.

A.askthereaderstohelphimanswerB.guidethereaderstounderstandbetter

C.makethereadersthinklessD.increasethereaders5readingspeed

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.B

【解析】

本文介绍了澳大利亚科学家为研发新型冠状病毒疫苗对羊驼所做的研究。

I.

细节理解题。根据“ProvidedbyKT可知照片不是詹姆斯提供的，排除A；根据“Although

theresultslookgoodsofar,itwilltakesometimetoproduceavaccinebasedonthefindings.“结

合“2021,May,14”可知5月14日疫苗还没有生产出来,排除B；根据“ScienceDaily”可知

这篇报告是《科学日报》发表的，排除C。故选D。

2.

细节理解题。根据“Nowitlooksliketheseanimalsmightbeabletohelpscientistsfindavaccine

forCOVID-19.”可知科学家研究羊驼是为了研发新型冠状病毒疫苗。故选B。

3.

细节理解题。根据“Thenanobodics,however,canstopinfectionfromhappening.”可知纳米抗

体能保护细胞免受感染。故选C“

4.

推理判断题。根据"Sincethenanobodiesarenew,theymustbetestedverystrictlyina

laboratorybeforetheycanbetriedonhumans,accordingtoJames.”可推知X专继续测试纳米抗

体。故选D。

5.

推理判断题。本文介绍了澳大利亚科学家为研发新型冠状病毒疫苗对羊驼所做的研究。用

“CuteCarefbrVirus”做标题是为了引导读者更好地理解文章内容。故选B。

B

（2021•山东黄岛•二模）InordertowinthewaragainstCOVID-19,ourcountrydecidedto

putoffthestarttimeofschoolinspring2020.ItwassaidthatschoolshouldnotstartbeforeMarch.

Theexactstartingtimewasn'tdecidedyet.However,manyparentsareveryworriedthatputtingoff

thestartofschoolmayinfluencechildren'sstudies.Iftheyhavesuchalongwintervacation,

childrenwillnotlearnanyknowledge,readbooksorstudyatall.Theymayforgetwhattheyhave

learnedbefore.Theywillkeepeating,sleepingandplaying.Sohowshouldweavoidtheseproblems?

Localgovernmentsdecidedtoorganizeonlineteachingandcreateanetworkplatform（平台），

wherenecessarycourseswillbeshowneveryday,andonlineteachingwillbegivenbyexcellent

teachersofthesubject,andstudentscanlearnathomethroughcomputerormobilenetwork.It

shouldbesaidthatsuchawayisverygood.Itcannotonlykeepstudentsindoorsandnotworry

aboutbeinginfected（感染），butalsomakethemstudyathome,improvetheirlearningability,and

trulyachieve“nosuspensionofclasses,,.Boththeplatfbnnitselfandtherecordedlessonsaremore

useful,andarewelcomedbyparentsandteachers.Ofcourse,exceptforlearningathome,itisalso

necessarytoteachchildrenabouthealthknowledge,especiallyhowtokeepawayfromtouching

virus（病毒）.Atthesametime,itisalsonecessaryforchildrentodosomephysicalexercisesor

somegames,whichisgoodforphysicalhealthathome.

6.Parentsworriedaboutputtingoffthestarttimeofschoolbecause.

A.childrenmaybeinfectedbyvirusB.theydon'tliketheideaofonlinelearning

C.children'sstudymaybeinfluencedD.parentshavenotimetolookafterchildren.

7.Exceptforlearningathome,whatisalsonecessaryaccordingtothewriter?

A.Tokeepplayingonlinegames.B.Toteachchildrenabouthealthknowledge.

C.Tokeeptouchingdifferentpeople.D.Todosomephysicalexercisesoutside.

8.Theunderlinedword“suspension"probablymeans.

A.planB.changeC.growthD.stop

9.WhichisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Studentswouldrathergotoschool.B.Thedateofgoingtoschoolisdecided.

C.Onlineteachingwillhelpstudentsstudy,D.Parentsbelievechildrencanteach

themselves.

10.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.ASpecialWaytoLearnatHomeB.ANewWarwithaNewChance

C.AWaytoKeepPhysicallyHealthyD.AMethodtoMakeParentsWorried

【答案】6.C

7.B

8.D

9.C

10.A

【解析】

本文主要讲的是在疫情期间，因为学生不能回学校上课，为了解决延迟开学对学生们造成

的影响，政府制定出了学生在家上网课这一政策。

6.

细节理解题。根据第一段"However,manyparentsareveryworriedthatputtingoffthestartof

schoolmayinfluencechildren'sstudies.“可知家长们担心推迟开学会对学生的学习造成影响。

故选C。

7.

细节理解题。根据第二段“Ofcourse,exceptfbrlearningathome,itisalsonecessarytoteach

childrenabouthealthknowledge,especiallyhowtokeepawayfromtouchingvirus.''可知在作者

看来，除了在家学习以外，学生们同样有必要学习一些如何远离病毒的健康防护知识。故

选B。

8.

词句猜测题。根据第二段“Itcannotonlykeepstudentsindoorsandnotworryaboutbeing

infected,butalsomakethemstudyathome,improvetheirlearningability；'可矢口在家上网课既可

以保护学生不受病毒感染，同时也能让学生们在家学习，提高他们的学习能力。由此可以

实现“不停课”的目的。故"suspension”意为“停止”，和stop同意。故选D。

9.

推理判断题。根据第二段“Itshouldbesaidthatsuchawayisverygood.Itcannotonlykeep

studentsindoorsandnotworryaboutbeinginfected（感染），butalsomakethemstudyathome,

improvetheirlearningability,“可知网课这一方式对于学生们来说是有好处的，在家上网课既

可以保护学生不受病毒感染，同时也能让学生们在家学习，提高他们的学习能力。故选

Co

10.

标题归纳题。全篇文章讲的是在疫情期间，为「不影响学生的学习，网课这一特殊的上课

方式诞生了。故选A。

（2022•江苏海陵・九年级期末）

OnNov.16,sevenastronautsontheInternationalSpaceStation（ISS）wokeuptoanalarm（警

报）.ARussianmissile（导弹）testhadjustbombedasatelliteintomorethan1,500piecesofspace

debris（残骸）.SomegotveryclosetotheISS.

NASAsaysspacedebrislikethiscantravelatmorethan28,000kin/h.That'smuchfasterthan

abullet（子弹）（about3,500km/h）.Evenapea-sizedpieceofdebriscould“wipeout“aspace

stationorkillanastronautifheorsheisdoingaspacewalk,saysLiveScience.

Sincethe1950s,humanshavesentthousandsofrocketsandsatellitesintospace.Manyare

stillthere,andwenowfaceanever-increasingproblemofspacerubbish.In2006,forexample,

NationalGeographicreportedthatatinypieceofspacerubbishhittheISS,takingasmallpieceof

glassoutofawindow.InJuneofthisyear,apieceofdebrisranintooneofthestation'srobotic

arms,whicharejustlikethearmsofarobot,andleftahole.

Scientistsaretryingdifferentwaystodealwiththeproblem.Onewayistouseahugenet.In

2018,theUK'sSurveySpaceCentercaughtsomespacerubbishwithanetinanexperiment.Itfirst

foundthedebris,andthencollecteditwithanetandaharpoon（鱼叉）.

Anotherwayistouseroboticarms.ClearSpace1,theEuropeanSpaceAgency'stasktoclean

spacerubbish,isgoingtobesentintospacein2025.Itwilluseroboticarmstocatchdebris.This

planstothrowthedebrisintoEarth'satmosphere（大气层）,whereitwillburnupasitfallsbecause

ofstrongfriction（摩擦）.

11.ThebomboftheRussianmissilemainlycausesaccordingtothearticle.

A.plantsB.soilC.foodD.spacedebris

12.AccordingtoNASA,spacedebrismovesasfastasabullet.

A.eighttimesB.ninetimesC.seventimesD.sixtimes

13.Whathappenstoaspacestationifitgets“wipedout”?

A.Itgetscleaned.B.Itgetsrebuilt.C.Itgetsbroken.D.Itgetsold.

14.Thebestwaystodealwithspacedebrisisaccordingtothearticle.

a.throwingitawayintotheplanet

b.throwingitintothesuntoburnup

c.collectingitwithnetsandharpoons

d.throwingitintoEarth'satmospheretobumup

A.adB.cdC.abD.bd

15.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3-4?

A.Thereisnothingwecandotodealwithspacedebris.

B.Theastronautsarequitesafeinspaceeventhereisspacedebris.

C.Moreandmoretasksarefailingbecausewedon'twanttocausespacerubbish.

D.Thousandsofoldrocketsandsatellitesareturningintospacerubbishforyears.

【答案】11.D

12.A

13.C

14.B

15.D

【解析】

本文介绍了太空垃圾的危害以及科学家为解决这一问题尝试的办法。

11.

细节理解题。根据“ARussianmissile（导弹）testhadjustbombedasatelliteintomorethan

1,500piecesofspacedebris（残骸）.”可知，这枚俄罗斯导弹炸毁了一颗卫星，导致产生了太

空残骸。故选D。

12.

推理判断题。根据"NASAsaysspacedebrislikethiscantravelatmorethan28,000km/h.That's

muchfasterthanabullet（子弹）（about3,500km/h）.”可知，太空残骸飞行的速度是子弹的8倍

（28,0004-3,500=8）o故选A。

13.

词义猜测题。根据"Evenapea-sizedpieceofdebriscould'wipeout'aspacestationorkillan

astronautifheorsheisdoingaspacewalk”可知，太空残骸会摧毁空间站或者杀死太空行走的

宇航员，因此“wipeout”表示“摧毁”,选项中"Itgetsbroken.”表示“被破坏”，与其近义。故

选C。

14.

细节理解题。根据最后两段“hfirstfoundthedebris,andthen