直接引语和间接引语-3

直接引语与间接引语直接引语：直接引述别人的原话.直接引语的前后必须加引号。间接引语：转述别人的话。间接引语前后不加引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句直接引语与间接引语的定义Review宾语从句引导词语序：时态：thatif/whether疑问词陈述语序主句为现在时态，从句可以是需要的任何时态主句为过去时态，从句应使用相应的过去的时态。从句如果描述的是客观真理、科学理论等则永远用一般现在时态。陈述句一般疑问句特殊疑问句直接引语：直接引述别人的原话.直接引语的前后必须加引号。间接引语：转述别人的话。间接引语前后不加引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句直接引语与间接引语的定义记住：

动词时态的变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时cancouldmaymight记住：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词this,thesethat,those时间状语nowtodayyesterdaytomorrowthisweeknextweek...thenthatdaythedaybeforethenextdaythatweek...thenextweek地点状语herethere动词comego１）人称的变化口诀

说明直接引语间接引语一随主二随宾三不变引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致引号内的第三人称在变间引后去人称不变Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”ShesaidthatshelikedtennisHesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearlyShesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim”ShetoldmethatThattheywantedhelphim一随主，二随宾，三不变直接引语变间接引语一、变人称：

口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”：是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化.She

said.

“

My

brother

wants

to

goshopping

with

me”.

→She

said

her

brotherwanted

to

goshopping

with

her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称.

He

said

to

Kate.“

How

is

your

sister

now?”→He

asked

Kate

how

her

sister

was

then.

“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：

Mr

Smith

said,“Jack

is

a

good

boy.”→Mr

Smith

said

Jack

was

a

good

boy.二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。

1)一般现在时→一般过去时态；

Shesaid:“Iamastudent.”→

Shesaid(that)shewasastudent.2)一般将来时→过去将来时

She

said,"He

will

go

to

see

his

friend.”→She

said

he

would

go

to

see

his

friend。

Tomsaid,“Iamgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.”→Tomsaidhewas

goingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.二、如何变时态：3)现在进行时→过去进行时；

Shesaid,“Iamreadingabook.”→Shesaidshewas

readingabook.

注意：以下几种情况时态

不变①直接引语是客观真理。

The

teacher

said

"The

earth

moves

around

the

sun

.”→

The

teacher

said

me

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun

earth.

③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：

Jack

said.

"I

was

born

on

April

2l,

1980."

→Jacksaid

he

was

born

on

April

21,

1980.

②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。

Jack

said.

“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme”

→Jack

saidhewasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseehim.④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：

He

said,

“I

get

up

at

six

every

morning。”

→He

said

he

gets

up

at

six

every

morning.⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变（例：could,

should,

would,

might）

Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”

→ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”

和已经是过去时的形式时，例：ought

to，

had

better,

used

toPeter

said.

"You

had

better

come

here

today."

→Peter

said

I

had

better

go

there

that

day.三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then,

yesterday变为

the

day

beforetoday变为thatdayHesaid,”Iwanttogoswimmingnow.”→Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，

here变there

Theteachersaid,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.”

→TheteachersaidIshouldgothereat7:00.指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”

例：this

改为thatHe

said,

"This

books

is

mine.“

→He

said

that

book

was

his.

四、如何变句型：

①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。

She

said,

"Our

bus

will

arrive

in

five

minutes.“→She

said

that

their

bus

would

arrive

in

five

minutes.

②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.He

said,

"Can

you

swim,

John?“

→He

asked

John

if

he

could

swim.

"Do

you

go

to

school

by

bus

or

by

bike?"

→He

asked

me

if

I

went

to

school

by

bus

or

by

bike.③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。

She

asked

me,

"When

do

they

have

their

dinner?”→

She

asked

me

when

they

had

their

dinner.She

asked

me,

"What

wasJackdoingwhenIcomein?”→She

asked

mewhat

Jackwasdoingwhenshecamein.④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“Tell(ask,

order,

beg等)

sb

(not)

to

do

sth.”句型

。如：

1."Don't

make

any

noise,"

theteacher

said

to

the

students.

→She

told

(ordered)

the

students

not

to

make

any

noise.

2.“Openthedoor,

please,"

said

she.→She

asked

him

to

openthedoor.⑤直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest

+动句词（或从句）”如：

He

said,

"Let's

go

to

the

movies."

→He

suggested

going

to

the

movies.或He

suggested

that

they

should

go

to

see

the

movies.

直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的say,也可用tell来代替，注意，可以说saythat,tellsb.that，不可直接说tellthat陈述句一般疑问句

Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”

Heasked(me)whether/if

Ihadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?”

HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词say要改为ask，语序要变为陈述语序

Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”

HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.

Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.

“Isheallright?”Theycriedout.Theycriedoutwhetherhewasallright.注意：大多数情况下，if,whether可以互换，但句中出现or(not),或放在介词后作连接词，只用whether。直接引语是祈使句，则改为tell/order/asksb.(not)todosth.其他变化同上。祈使句Hesaid,“Pleasecomeheretomorrow.”Theteachersaid,“Don’ttalkanymore.”Heaskedmetogotherethenextday.Theteachertoldusnottotalkanymore.Practice:1)Hesaid,“My

brotherfailedintheexam.”Hesaid____brotherhadfailedintheexam.2)HesaidtoMary,“Howisyourmothernow?”heaskedMaryhow_____motherwasthen.3)Myteachersaid,‘‘sheisagoodstudent.’’Myteachersaid____wasagoodstudent4)Hesaidtome,“I’veleftherbookinyourroom”Hetoldmethat___hadleft___bookin___room.hishershehehermy1."Wewantyoutotakeamessageforher."saidtheGreens.TheGreenstoldmethat

wanted

totakeamessagefor

.theyme

her2."Are

youwillingtolendusahand?"shesaidtohim.Sheaskedhimwhether

waswillingtolend

ahand.hethemHesays,“IsTomastudentorateacher？”→

HeaskswhetherTomisastudentorateacher.Heaskedme,"Doyoulikeplayingfootball?“→

Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedplayingfootball.Mysisteraskedme:“Whatisyourfriend?”→Mysisteraskedmewhatmyfriendwas.Jackaskedme,"Howdoyoulikethefilm?"→JackaskedmehowIlikedthefilm.Thesoliderordered,“Bequiet.”→

Thesoliderorderedustobequiet.Hesaidtoher,“Openthedoor,please.”→Heaskedhertoopenthedoor.Shesays,“IwillgotoBeijingnextmonth.”→Shesays(that)shewillgotoBeijingthenextmonth.Heoftensays“Ishalltellyouaboutthem.”→Heoftentellsmethathewilltellmeaboutthem.1.“Iamilltoday.”saidmymother.Mymothersaidthatshe

illthatday.2.“WeworkhardatEnglish.”hesaid.wasHesaidthatthey

hardatEnglish.worked1.Theysaidtome,“Weareworkinghardatacompany.”Theytoldmethatthey

atacompany.wereworking2.“Iamwritingaletternow.”shesaid.Shesaidthatshe

aletterthen.waswritingPractice:１.Johnsaid,“Ilikereadingadventurestories.”Johnsaidthathe_____readingadventurestories.２.Shesaidtome,“IbrokeyourCDplayer.”Shetoldmethatshe____________myCDplayer.３.Hesaid,“I’llcomeherethismorning.”Hesaidhe_______gotherethatmorning４.Hesays,“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”Hesaysthathe___________hishomework.５.Hesaid,“theyareplayinggamesoverthere?”

Hesaidthatthey_______playinggamesoverthere.likedhadbrokenwouldhadfinishedwere1.Ourteachersaid,“Light

travels

muchfasterthansound.”Ourteachersaidthatlight______

muchfasterthansound.travels2.“I

graduated

in1966.”Mybrothersaid.

Mybrothersaidthathe

in1966.graduated1.Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Theearthisround.”

2.Myfathersaidtome,“Iwasbornin1961.”

Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheearthis

round.Myfathertoldmethathewasbornin1961.1.“Whatdoesthiswordmean?”sheaskedme.Sheaskedmewhat

wordmeant.that2.“Canyouseethatmaponthewall?”heaskedme.HeaskedmeifIcouldsee

maponthewall.that3.“Doyoulikethesetoys?”Janeaskedus.Janeaskedusifweliked

toys.those4.“Bringthoseballstome.”saidmysister.Mysisteraskedustobring

ballstoher.those1.“I

likereadingadventurestories,”saidJohn.

Johnsaidthathelikedreadingadventurestories.2.“I

don’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriend.Sarahtoldherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.ExerciseI3.“Ann,haveyouseenmybluenotebook?”Peterasked.

PeteraskedAnnifshehadseenhisbluenotebook.4.“Howcanyoudothat?”MarysaidtoAnn.

MaryaskedAnnhowshecoulddothat.5.“Whatdifferencedoesitmake?”PeteraskedJim.

PeteraskedJimwhatdifferenceitmade.2).时态不需要变化的是：a.直接引语中是：①.客观真理：

“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”saidtheteacher.

→Theteachersaidtheearthgoesaroundthesun.②.有具体的过去年月日：

XiaoWangsaid.“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”

→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980.③.过去完成时：

Shesaid,“TheyhadleftwhenIarrivedthere.”

→Shesaidtheyhadleftwhenshearrivedthere.④.过去进行时：

Jacksaid,“John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?”

→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet.⑤.情态动词没有过去时的形式（oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)或已经是过去时的形式时(could,should,would,might)：

Petersaid.“Youhadbettercomehavetoday.”

→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.

Hesaid,“IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix.”

→Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.⑥.一般现在时(表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作)：

Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning.”

→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.⑦.一般现在时(表示所述事实在当时和目前同样生效)：

Hesaid,“I’maboy,notagirl.”

→Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.b.主句时态(引号外句子)是：①.一般现在时。如：

Hesays,“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”

→Hesaysthathehasfinishedhishomework.②.一般将来时。如：

Shewillsay,“I'lldoittomorrow.”

→Shewillsaythatshe'lldoitthenextday.改错：1.JohnsaidthatheisgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.2.HetoldmethathehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.3.TheteachertoldmethatImustpaymoreattentiontohispronunciation.4.Hesaidthesebookswerehis.5.Shesaidthatshewouldgothisevening6.Hesaidthathewaswashinghisclothesnow.7.ShetoldmethatshewasstudyingJapanesthesedays.答案：1.is---was

2.has---had

3.his---my

4.these---those

5.this---that

6.now---then

7.these---those3.部分情态动词,如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等：

Shesaidtome:“Youmusthurryup.”→ShesaidthatImusthurryup.2.经常的习惯。Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.将下列直接引语的句子改写为间接引语:1.Lanasaid,"I'mgoingtohaveasurprisepartyforMaria."LanasaidthatshewasgoingtohaveasurprisepartyforMaria.2.Theteachersaid,"Mystudentsarehard-working."Theteachersaidthathis/herstudentswerehardworking.3.TomtoldJane,"Iwilllendmybicycletoyou."TomtoldJanethathewouldlendhisbicycletoher/Jane.5.She

said

to

him,

“It’s

time

togohome.”4.Mr.Wang

said,“I

will

leave

for

Shanghai

next

month.”Mr.

Wang

said

that

he

would

leave

for

Shanghai

the

next

month.She

told

him

that

it

was

time

togohome.

3.当直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时,间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell,ask,order,等,而把直接引语的祈使句变成带

(not)to的不定式短语。句型：tell/ask/ordersb(not)todosth如:1.“IamgoodatEnglish,”Lucysaid.2.“LiLeiisreadingabook,”PetersaidtoLucy.3.“Wewillhaveafootballmatch,”hetoldhismother.LucysaidshewasgoodatEnglish.PetertoldLucythatLiLeiwasreadingabook.Hetoldhismothertheywouldhaveafootballmatch.二.把下列句子变为间接引语。

4.“TheygotoschooleverydayexceptSaturdayandSunday,”theboysaid.

TheboysaidtheywenttoschooleverydayexceptSaturdayandSunday.5.Sheaskedme,"Whydoyouwanttodothis?"SheaskedmewhyIwantedtodothat.Shesaidtome“Whyareyouinterestedinscience?”Sheaskedme________________interestedinscience.2.Heaskedhim“whenwillyoubuytheredcoat?”Heaskedhim_________________buytheredcoat.3.Shirleyaskedme“Wherewereyouborn?”Shirleyaskedme__________________born.4.“What’swrongwithyou?”Lilyaskedme.Lilyaskedme__________________with_____.5.Thegirlaskedme“Whathappened?”Thegirlaskedme__________________.Exercises:why

Iwas

when

hewouldwhere

Iwaswhatwaswrongme

what

happened

1.“Whereisshefrom?”Heaskedwhereshewasfrom.

2.“Howoldarethey?”Heasked

howoldtheywere.3.“What’s

theweatherliketoday?”Heaskedwhattheweatherwaslikethatday.

4.“Howdoyougotoschool?.”Heasked

how

youwenttoschool.5.“Whoissinging?”Heasked

who

wassinging.

6.“Whendoyougetup?”HewantedtoknowwhenIgotup.Exercise1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.2.“I’vefound