2015大学英语四级阅读练习题及答案解析

2015大学英语四级阅读练习题及答案解析(3)Wemightmarvelattheprogressmadeineveryfieldofstudy,butthemethodsoftestingaperson''sknowledgeandabilityremainasprimitiveasevertheywere.Itreallyisextraordinarythatafteralltheseyears,educationistshavestillfailedtodeviceanythingmoreefficientandreliablethanexaminations.Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstextwhatyouknow,itiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite.Theymaybeagoodmeansoftestingmemory,ortheknackofworkingrapidlyunderextremepressure,buttheycantellyounothingaboutaperson''strueabilityandaptitude.Asanxiety-makers,examinationsaresecondtonone.Thatisbecausesomuchdependsonthem.Theyarethemarkofsuccessoffailureinoursociety.Yourwholefuturemaybedecidedinonefatefulday.Itdoesn''tmatterthatyouweren''tfeelingverywell,orthatyourmotherdied.Littlethingslikethatdon''tcount:theexamgoeson.Noonecangiveofhisbestwhenheisinmortalterror,orafterasleeplessnight,yetthisispreciselywhattheexaminationsystemexpectshimtodo.Themomentachildbeginsschool,heentersaworldofviciouscompetitionwheresuccessandfailureareclearlydefinedandmeasured.Canwewonderattheincreasingnumberof''drop-outs'':youngpeoplewhoarewrittenoffasutterfailuresbeforetheyhaveevenembarkedonacareer?Canwebesurprisedatthesuiciderateamongstudents?Agoodeducationshould,amongotherthings,trainyoutothinkforyourself.Theexaminationsystemdoesanythingbutthat.Whathastobelearntisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabus,sothestudentisencouragedtomemorize.Examinationsdonotmotivateastudenttoreadwidely,buttorestricthisreading;theydonotenablehimtoseekmoreandmoreknowledge,butinducecramming.Theylowerthestandardsofteaching,fortheydeprivetheteacherofallfreedoms.Teachersthemselvesareoftenjudgedbyexaminationresultsandinsteadofteachingtheirsubjects,theyarereducedtotrainingtheirstudentsinexamtechniqueswhichtheydespise.Themostsuccessfulcandidatesarenotalwaysthebesteducated;theyarethebesttrainedinthetechniqueofworkingunderduress.Theresultsonwhichsomuchdependsareoftennothingmorethanasubjectiveassessmentbysomeanonymousexaminer.Examinersareonlyhuman.Theygettiredandhungry;theymakemistakes.Yettheyhavetomarkstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.Theyworkunderthesamesortofpressureasthecandidates.Andtheirwordcarriesweight.Afterajudge''sdecisionyouhavetherightofappeal,butnotafteranexaminer''s.Theremustsurelybemanysimplerandmoreeffectivewaysofassessingaperson''strueabilities.Isitcynicaltosuggestthatexaminationsaremerelyaprofitablebusinessfortheinstitutionsthatrunthem?Thisiswhatitboilsdowntointhelastanalysis.Thebestcommentonthesystemisthisilliteratemessagerecentlyscrawledonawall:''Iwereateenagedrop-outandnowIareateenagemillionaire.''Themainideaofthispassageis examinationsexertaperniciousinfluenceoneducation.examinationsareineffective.examinationsareprofitableforinstitutions.examinationsareaburdenonstudents.Theauthor''sattitudetowardexaminationsis detest.approval.critical.indifferent.Thefateofstudentsisdecidedby education.institutions.examinations.studentsthemselves.Accordingtotheauthor,themostimportantofagoodeducationis toencouragestudentstoreadwidely.totrainstudentstothinkontheirown.toteachstudentshowtotackleexams.tomasterhisfate.Whydoestheauthormentioncourt? Giveanexample.Forcomparison.Itshowsthatteachers''evolutionsdependontheresultsofexaminations.Itshowstheresultsofcourtismoreeffectise.Vocabularyknack窍门，诀窍embark乘船，登记writeoff勾销，注销。确认某食物已损失或无效syllabus教学大纲cram塞入，把某物塞进，突击式学习（尤指应考），以注入方式教人duress威胁，逼迫stack堆，垛scrawl写/画（的内容不工整，不仔细）潦草的笔迹，七扭八歪的字script讲稿，剧本，脚本，笔试答卷cynical愤世嫉俗的，自私得为人不齿的boildown熬浓，浓缩，归纳难句译注Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstestwhatyouknow,itiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite.【参考译文】尽管所有那些虔诚的说法说考试能测定你所知道的东西，但其结果常常是适得其反，这是众所周之的常识。Asanxiety-makers,examinationsaresecondtonone.【结构简析】secondtonone固定搭配，义：不亚于任何人或事物。【参考译文】（测）考试作为忧虑的制造者，真是出类拔萃。inducecramming诱人采用突击式学习方式。Cram尽力塞入，应试突击学习。EX:cramforachemistrytest.为应付化学考试而临时抱佛脚。Crampupils以填鸭式教学生。Yetyouhavetomarkstac