辽宁省营口市2022高考英语阅读理解短文填单词类训练题2

辽宁营口市2022高考英语阅读理解、短文填单词类训练题（4）及答案阅读理解专题训练(一)------阅读中的猜词技巧(5)------对比法◆方法点拨有的文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义；有时根据上下句之间表示转折或对比关系的连接词，就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。这种句子多半有unlike，although，but，yet，while，onthecontrary，ontheotherhand，insteadof，ratherthan等信息词。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比的意义。如：(1)Isheintelligentorstupid?(2)Unlikehisbrother，whoistrulyahandsomeperson，Hogerttyisquitehomely.1．解析：根据stupid可推断出intelligent的意思为“聪明的”。答案：聪明的2．解析：此句中的unlike一词暗示了Hogertty和他的兄弟的长相不同，他的兄弟是个handsome(英俊的)人，所以Hogertty一定是一个homely(不英俊)的人。答案：不英俊的◆活学活用(一)利用上述猜测词义方法，猜出下列各句划线部分的意思1．UnliketheUniteStateswheremanydifferentnationalitiesmakeupthepopulation，Japan'spopulationisquitehomogeneous.2．Anyfoolcanmakesoap，butittakesageniustosellit.3．AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmanIbrother，incontrast，isquitehumbleandmodest.4．Agoodsupervisorcanrecognizeinstantlytheadeptworkersfromtheunskilledones.5．Motherwastall，fatandmiddle­principaloftheschoolwasanolderwoman，almostasplumpasmother，andmuchshorter.()A．healthyB．thinC．slimD．fat(一)1．解析：与manydifferentnationalities相反，故为“单一民族的”。答案：单一民族的2．解析：由but可知genius是与fool(蠢才)相对的，由此推测其意为“有才能的人”、“天才”。答案：有才能的人，天才3．解析：incontrast提醒我们supercilious与humbleandmodest是对比关系，由此可以猜出其意义。答案：目空一切，傲慢的4．解析：通读全句不难看出，说话者是把熟练工人与非熟练工人进行对比，由此可知adept的词义是“熟练的”。答案：熟练的5．解析：作者把学校的校长和他的母亲相比，其中older对应middle­aged，shorter对应tall，所以plump对应fat。答案：D。***********************************************结束It'sanendlessculturallessonthat'sbeencravedintoourheadssincewewerechildren,watchingcartoonssuchas"TheFlintstones"（摩登原始人）andplayingwithBarbiedolls:Ifyouareawoman,youshouldbeextremelythin;ifyouareaman,youshouldbebigandstrong． Andwhilewe'vegrownaccustomedtoresearchfindingthatsuchstereotypes（固有观点）playapartintheworkplace—obesewomen,forexample,haveahardertimeclimbingupthecareerstairway—arecentstudyhasfoundthataworker'sbodysizecanhaveabigeffectonthesizeofhisorherpayenvelope． Thestudyfoundthatobesepeoplewereidentifiedas"undisciplined,dishonestandlesslikelytodocreativework．" Onthecontrary,theresearcherspointoutthatemployersandfellowemployeesassociatevaluesofself-discipline,hardworkandconfidencewiththinpeople． Expertssayit'sjustanothersignthatasasociety,we'vefixedintoourheadstheunrealistic,media-drivenphysicalidealsthatshowupintheworkplace—andthereforethewallet． Theresearcherssaythatemployersdon'tpurposelythinkofthesethingswhenthey'reevaluatingaperson．Muchoftheproblemistheresultofunconsciousdecisionsbasedondeep-rootedsocialstereotypes． It'snosecretthatthemassmediahavemuchtodowithwhatdecidestheimageoursocietyfindspleasingandacceptable． TVshowssuchas"MadMen"and"NCIS"presentpowerfulmenwithaverycoollook．'CougarTown"ontheotherhand,celebratesskinnycareerwomanJulesCobb,asuccessfulbusinessmanwhoclaimsshe'snevereatenrealicecreambecauseshe'ssoconcernedaboutherweight． Theresearcherssuggestthatemployerslookattheirassumptionsaboutemployees'weight,becausetheymayberootedindiscrimination． Anemploymentlawyer,MarshallTanick,willbeleadingaconferencethisspringonhowweightandattractivenessrelatetounfairtreatment,especiallysalariesintheworkplace． Nationally,therehavebeenfewclaims,thelawyersaid．Somecaseshavesimplynotbeenverysolid,hesaid,andsomeemployeeshavebeentooembarrassedtofollowthroughwithacase．Inaddition,discriminationcasesaregenerallytoughtowin,becausesomuchissubjective．"Thatwouldbeanuphillbattle,"hesaid．72．Accordingtothebody-sizestereotypeswecaninferthat______．A．anextremelythinwomanisunacceptableB．anobesepersontendstobehard-workingC．anattractivepersontendstogethighersalaryD．astrongmanissuitablefortoughwork73．Wecanconcludefromthepassagethatthebody-sizestereotypes______．A．areformedthroughconstantinfluenceofmediaB．havebecomequiteunacceptabletopeopleC．resultfrompeople'sunconsciousresponsesD．areplayinganimportantroleinpeople'sdailylife74．Thelawyersaidtheunderlinedwordsattheendofthepassagebecause______．A．peopleareunawareofthesize-discriminationB．stereotypesinfluencepeople'sjudgmentinsize-discriminationcasesC．theemployerswouldn'tabandontheirunfairtreatmentD．evidencesarehardtoobtaininasize-discriminationcase75．What'sthebestpossibletitleforthepassage?A．AnUnwinningUphillBattle．B．Whenitcomestosalary,bodysizematters．C．Say"No"toSize-Discrimination．D．HowSocialStereotypesmakeadifferencetous．**********************************************************结束AMillionsofgirlsgrowupwiththehopeofbecomingafamoussinger.Someevenwinlocaltalentcompetitionsaschildren,butonlyafewsuchearlysuccessesanddreamsturnintoreality.JessicaAndrewsisoneofthefewwhosedreamshavecometrue.

Andrews,firsttasteofsuccesscameattheageof10.ShewonatalentcompetitioninherhometownofHuntingdon,Tennessee,singingIWillAlwaysLoveYou,originallysungbyWhitneyHouston.Houston'sversionofthesongappearedonTheBodyguardsoundtrack,whichhappenedtobethefirstalbumAndrewseverbought.Withintwoyears,talkofAndrewshadspreadtoNashvilleandcaughttheattentionofproducerByronGallimore,whosecreditsincludeworkwithTimMcGraw,FaithHill,andJoDeeMessina.WithGallimoresignedontoproduce,Andrewssoonhadarecordingcontract(合同)withDreamWorks'Nashvillelabel.

Andrews'professionalcareerwaslaunchedwith1999'sHeartShapedWorld,recordedwhenshewas14yearsold.ThealbumincludedthecountryhitIWillBeThereForYou,whichalsoappearedonThePrinceOfEgypt.ShefollowedupthereleaseofthealbumbytouringasasupportactforsuchcountrysuperstarsasFaithHillandTrishaYearwood.

Withthereleaseof2001’sWhoIAm,Andrewsbecameastarinherownright.Thealbumwascertified(证明）goldforsalesof500,000copies.AndrewsreturnedinApril2022withNow，analbumthatshepromisedwouldshowanewsideoftheyoungartist."Thisalbumhasaverydifferentfeelingforme,"shesaid."It'salotmorepersonalandthere'saconfidencethatwasn'tquitethereonthefirsttwo.Ifeelespeciallyconnectedtothisgroupofsongs."

56.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“launched”inthefourthparagraph?

A.Aimed.

B.Sent.

C.Started.

D.Set.

57.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisWRONGaccordingtothepassage?

A.TheBodyguardwasthefirstalbumAndrewseverbought.

B.AfterAndrewssangWhoIAm，shebecameastarinherownright.

C.IWillAlwaysLoveYouwasoriginallysungbyWhitneyHouston.

D.NowexpressesanewfeelingofAndrews.

58.WhichofthefollowingmayNOTbeAndrews'album?

A.Now.

B.HeartShapedWorld.C.ThePrinceofEgypt.D.WhoIAm.

59.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.JessicaAndrews'Life

B.JessicaAndrews'Dream

C.JessicaAndrews'Songs

参考答案56-59CBCD************************************************结束阅读文章------5Analtimeter(测高计)isaninstrumentusedinanairplanetotellthepilothowhighheisaltimeterusedinmostairplanesisakindofbarometer(气压计)，which，likebarometersfoundinordinaryhomes，isameasuringinstrumentforairweightoftheatmospherepressesdownwardssealevelthispressureismorethan14poundsoneverysquareinchofthehigheryougointotheair，thelowertheairpressurealtimetermeasuresthisairpressuretoshowthealtitudeoftheairplane，or，howhighitisabovethesealevel.Butthealtimeterdoesnotshowhowhightheplaneisabovetheplanemightbeflyingatanaltitudeof15000feet，butitwouldbeonlyathousandfeetorsoabovethegroundifthelandinthatareahappenedtobe14000feetabovesealevel.Thepilotadjustshisaltimetertotheactualsea­levelpressurebeforesettingoutfromtheairportandthencorrectsitinflightaccordingtonewinformationgiventohimbyflieshighenoughtobeaboveanymountainhemaypassonhisbarometeraltimeteriscorrectwithinabout300feet.Anotherkindofaltimeter，theradioaltimeter，makesuseofradiocalculatestheheightoftheflyingplanebysendingoutelectricalsignalstothesurfacebelowandmeasuringthetimerequiredforthemtobounceback(反弹)．Itiscorrectwithin15feetoverwater，butisnotreliableoverplanesusuallyhavebothkindsofaltimeter.Title：Aninstrumentusedinanairplanetotellthepilotthecraft.TheradioaltimeterHowitworksBytoshowthealtitudeoftheairplane，ortheheightabovesealevel.Bygivingoutthesurfacebelowandmeasuringthetimerequiredfortobounceback.Howto8．______Adjustittotheactualsea­levelpressurebeforetheplane.Correctitinflightaccordingtonewinformation./RequirementsWithinWithin15feetoverwater参考答案------51．An/Thealtimeter；AltimetersaltitudeKindsbarometeraltimeterairpressure7．electricalsignalsoff/leavestheairport300feet*************************************************************结束【阅读文章简答题】(二)BillGateswasbornonOctober28th,andhistwosistersgrewupinfather，WilliamH．GatesⅡ，wasaSeattleGates，theirlatemother，wasaschoolteacher.GatesattendedpublicelementaryschoolbeforemovingontotheprivateLakesideSchoolinNorthwasatLakesidethatGatesbeganhiscareerinpersonalcomputersoftware，programmingcomputersatage13.In1973，GatesenteredHarvardUniversityasafreshman，whereheliveddownthehallfromSteveBallmer，whoisnowMicrosoft'satHarvard，Gatesdevelopedaversion(版本)oftheprogramminglanguageBASICforthefirstmicrocomputer—theMITShisjunioryear，GatesdroppedoutofHarvardtodevotehisenergiesfull­timetoMicrosoft，acompanyhehadstartedin1975withhisboyhoodfriendPaulbyabeliefthatthepersonalcomputerwouldbeavaluabletooloneveryofficedesktopandineveryhome，theybegandevelopingsoftwareforpersonalcomputers.Gates'foresighthasledtothesuccessofMicrosoftandthesoftwareplaysanimportantroleinthetechnicaldevelopmentofnewof