Unit1Discoverusefulstructures课件高中英语人教版选择性

RevisionQ1.InPara.2,whatwerethetwocontradictorytheoriesdoctorshadinthosedays?Q2.InPara.3,whydidthewomenandherdaughterdieofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet?Q3.Whatwas“thetruth”mentionedinPara.4?Q1.InPara.2,whatwerethecontradictorytheoriesdoctorshadinthosedays?Q2.InPara.3,whydidthewomanandherdaughterdieofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet?Q3.Whatwas“thetruth”mentionedinPara.4?Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodandwater.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.ThetruthwasthatwaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Revision1.Onetheory

was

thatbadaircausedthedisease.2.Another

was

thatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfood

andwater.3.It

seemed

thatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshe

haditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.4.Thetruth

was

thatwaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfected

bywaste.Explore:Observeandfind—SubjectSubjectSubjectSubjectLinkingverbLinkingverbLinkingverbLinkingverbPredictiveclause(表语从句）Predictiveclause(表语从句）Predictiveclause(表语从句）Predictiveclause(表语从句）PCthat,whether,how,where,what,asif...ThebasicformofPredicativeClause:Subject+Linkingverbs+[subordinatingconjunction+otherelements]be,seem,appear,look,sound...Whatisthesentencestructure?that,whether,how,where,what...PredicativeClausesareoftenused:1.todirectlyexplainoremphasizewhattheSubjectisingreaterdetail.2.functionasaComplement(补语)totheSubject.

Unit1ScienceandScientists

Linking-v系动词Contents1Subordinatingconjunction引导词23PracticeandApply练习与运用4Attention注意事项系动词的分类1.感官类系动词（sound,look,taste,smell,feel)be动词3.状态系动词保持类系动词（keep,remain,stay）似乎类系动词（

seem,appear

）证明类系动词（prove,turnout)系动词后的成分为表语。系动词后的从句为表语从句。（am,is,are,was,were)，意为“是”1Linking-v系动词证明是......结果是......2Subordinatingconjunction引导词that（在从句中不充当成分）whether（在从句中不充当成分,意为“是否”,表语从句中不能使用“if”）

asif（在从句中不充当成分,意为“好像”）表语从句中SVO成分完整表语从句中SVO成分完整表语从句中SVO成分完整because（在从句中不充当成分,意为“因为”）表语从句中SP成分完整1）连词：在从句中不充当成分that

____意义，在表语从句中______成分,起______作用，________省略。无不充当连接不能连接词whether起_____作用，意为“_________________”，在句中也不作任何成分（注意：if

______引导表语从句)。连接是否、究竟、到底不能似乎，好像because意为“______”引导表语从句强调原因，注意与why的区别。因为5.Understandingscienceandpushingtheboundariesofscience

is

______

makesmeimmenselysatisfied.

6.Thatis_______manyexpertsareworryingabout.

7.TherearedozensofbooksaboutZoologyinlibrary.However,whatreallymakeshimconfused

is_______isthemostsuitableoneforhisresearchpaper.what（在从句中充当主语，意为“...的事情”）which（在从句中充当主语,意为“哪一（本）...”）2）连接代词：在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语表语从句中缺少主语

what（在从句中充当宾语，意为“...的事情”）表语从句中缺少宾语表语从句中缺少主语8.Theproblem

is__________couldfindoutacureforthedisease.9.WhatIhavenotdecided

is________Iamgoingtovisit.10.Bothmyparentshavegivenmesomeadviceonhowtosavemoney.Butthequestion

is

______adviceIshouldtake.

whose（在从句中充当定语，意为“谁的...”）表语从句中缺少定语表语从句中缺少主语whom（在从句中充当宾语,意为“谁”）表语从句中缺少宾语who（在从句中充当主语,意为“谁”）2）连接代词：在从句中充当成分主语、宾语、表语、定语连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose

除在句子中起______作用外，还可在从句中作_____、_____、_____或______，且各有词义。连接主语表语定语宾语2选词填空(what/that)①Myhometownisnolonger_____itusedtobe.②Thisis_____Ishouldhavedonefirstofall.③Whatsurprisedmemostwas_____thethingirlshouldhavewonthreegoldmedals.④AllIknowis_____Ireadinthepapers.⑤Theamazingthingaboutthespringis_____thecolderthetemperaturegets,thehotterthespring!what

whatthatwhatthat

howwhere

when表语从句中SVA成分完整,缺少原因状语：“为什么...”3）连接副词：在从句中充当方式、地点、原因、时间状语表语从句中SV成分完整，缺少方式状语：“如何”表语从句中SV成分完整,缺少时间状语：“...的时候”why表语从句中SV成分完整，缺少地点状语：“...的地方”连接副词where,when,why,how除在句中起______作用外，在从句中还充当_______、______、______或______状语，本身具有词义。连接时间地点方式原因1选词填空(why/how/where)①Thisis______Marymetherhusbandforthefirsttime.②Thisis____weputoffthemeeting.③Thisis____we'vedealtwiththeeconomiccrisis.wherewhyhow1.Thereason

whyheislateforschoolis________hemissedthebus.2.Whywedecidedtoputoffthefootballmatchis

________theweatherwastoobad.3Attention1:

引导词that,because,why的区别当主句的主语是_____________或why引导的__________时常用______来引导表语从句，而不用because。thereason主语从句thatthatthat1.Ithinkthat’s

_____hewassoangry.2.Ithinkitis________

youaredoingtoomuch.3.Thereason______hewassolateis_____itwasraininghard.whybecausewhythatthat/this/it+is/was+why+________(原因/结果)

表示“_________________________”that/this/it

+is/was+because+_______(原因/结果)

表示“________________________”thereasonwhy…isthat…中why是引导_________，that引导的是_________，表示“___________________”。这/那就是……的原因原因这/那就是因为……结果定语从句表语从句……的原因是……3补全句子①Davidwasinjuredinthetraining._____________hedidn'ttakepartintheOlympicGames.大卫在训练中受伤了，那就是他没有参加奥运会的原因。②Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight._________________hehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.昨天晚上他没去看电影。那是因为他得帮他的妹妹做作业。③Thereason____hewasabsentfromthemeeting____________________．他缺席会议的原因是他病了。Thatwaswhy

Thatwasbecausewhywasthathewasill3Attention2:

表语从句中的虚拟语气Myproposalisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.Myadviceisthatwe(should)gettherebytrain.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)goandhelphim.1)主语是表示___________________等的名词时，表语从句中谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略建议、命令、要求Darkcloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.Itsoundedasifthenightwouldneverend.2)asif/asthough引导的表语从句语气：若表示真实情况，用陈述语气。

若表示非真实情况，用虚拟语气。若跟现在事实不符：过去式（be动词用were）若跟过去事实不符：haddone若跟将来事实不符：would/could+动词原形4单句语法填空①Ifeltasifmyhead_____

(be)splitting.②Itlooksasifshe___

(be)reallyill.were

isSummary：1.表语从句的结构:主语+系动词+引导词

+简单句2.引导词

从属连词:that,whether,as,asif/though,because连接代词:who,what,which,whom,whose,...+ever连接副词:when,where,how,why3.注意点:3）if不引导表语从句。4）表语从句的虚拟语气。1）语序:连主谓。2）主语为reason时，引导词用that表语从句thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendaysthecholeraoutbreakhadcausedmorethan500peoplediedintendaysallthosewhodiedhadlivedthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms4PracticeandApply练习与运用A:Absolutely!Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwas__________happenedattheinitial(初始的)stageofourgroup'sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.B:Yes,itis.Anditseemed___________allthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwas______wecouldn'tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.C:Exactly!Theproblemwasnotabout___________allourtheorieswereequallygood,butindeciding__________________theorytodependupon.D:Werealizedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnot___________aspectweneededtodevelopatheoryin,butrather________wecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect!E:You'reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwas_________wehadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.asifthatwhatwhowhenhowwhywhosewhichwhetherwhatasifthatwhetherwhich/whatwhat/whichhowwhyThenputDavid'slinesinthecorrectorder.A:Absolutely!Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwaswhathappenedattheinitial(初始的)stageofourgroup'sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.B:Yes,itis.Anditseemedasifallthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwasthatwecouldn'tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.C:Exactly!Theproblemwasnotaboutwhetherallourtheorieswereequallygood,butindecidingwhat/whichtheorytodependupon.D:Werealizedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnotwhat/whichaspectweneededtodevelopatheoryin,butratherhowwecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect!E:You'reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwaswhywehadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.Maria:Thismixoftheoryanddataisoneofthekeycharacteristicsofwhatwecallscience.David:__________________Maria:Withyourtheoreticalframework?David:__________________Maria:Decidingonatheoryisdefinitelyofcriticalimportance.David:_________________Maria:Thiswaswhenyoushouldhavecalmeddownandgotdowntodoingsomesolidwork.David:_________________Maria:Sowhathappenedintheend?David:__________________A：“initialstage”(logicalconnector)C：“decidingwhattheorytodependupon”-“Decidingonatheory”(lexicalconnectors)B：“couldn'tpersuadeoneanother”-“this”(grammaticalconnector)E：“Atlast”-“intheend”(logicalconnectors)D：apossibleanswertotheWh-question(grammaticalconnector)思考：1.对话语篇有哪些衔接手段？2.如何选择，才能使对话进行下去？衔接手段：logicalconnector逻辑纽带grammaticalconnector语法lexicalconnector词汇Completethefollowingideasbyfamousscientistswithawordorexpressionthatintroducesapredicativeclauseandtranslatetheminyourownwords.Researchis_________I’mdoingwhenIdon’tknowwhatI’m

doing.(WernervonBraun)what

asthoughbecausethatwhatwhoeverwhy

研究就是当我不知道自己在做什么的时候我在做的事。

——布劳恩（徳裔美籍火箭科学家）PracticeandApply2.Thesaddestaspectofliferightnowis_______

sciencegathers

knowledgefasterthansocietygatherswisdom.(IsaacAsimov)that

asthoughbecausethatwhatwhoeverwhyPracticeandApply当下生活最可悲的一面就是科学积累知识的速度超过了社会积累智慧的速度。——艾萨克·阿西莫夫

（美国科幻小说作家、化学家）3.Anexpertcanbe_________hasmadeallthemistakesthatcan

bemadeinaverynarrowfield.(NilesBohr)whoever

asthoughbecausethatwhatwhoeverwhyPracticeandApply专家可能是在一个非常狭窄的领域里犯了所有可能犯的错误的人。——尼耳斯·玻尔（丹麦物理学家）4.Whendifferentexperimentsgiveyouthesameresult,itisnolongersubjecttoyouropinion.That’sthegoodthingaboutscience:Itistruewhetherornotyoubelieveinit.That’s_________itworks.(NeildeGrasseTyson)why

asthoughbecausethatwhatwhoeverwhyPracticeandApply当不同的实验呈现出相同的结果时，它就不再受制于你的意见。这就是科学的好处:不管你信不信它都是真的。这就是科学工作的原理。

——奈尔·德葛拉司·泰森（美国天文学家）5.Thisappliedscience,whichsavesworkandmakeslifeeasier,bringsuslittlehappiness.Thatis_________wehavenotyetlearnttomakesensibleuseofit!(AlbertEinstein)because

asthoughbecausethatwhatwhoeverwhyPracticeandApply这种节约工作量，使生活更容易的应用科学，给我们带来的快乐很少。那是因为我们还没有学会合理地利用它!

——爱因斯坦6.Thereareonlytwowaystoliveyourlife.Oneis____________nothingisamiracle.Theotheris____________everythingisamiracle.(