语法复习十三非谓语动词

语法复习十三：非谓语动词（二）——动词-ing形式（二）-ing形式：动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。 1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing各种形式列表如下：动词语态形式及物动词make不及物动词go主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式makingbeingmadegoing完成式havingmadehavingbeenmadehavinggone 2、-ing形式的基本用法。 （1）作主语：Seeingisbelieving.百闻不如一见。Talkingiseasierthandoing.–ing作主语时，如果其结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后置。如：Itisn’tmuchgoodwritingtothemagain.It’snousewaitinghere. （2）作表语：Herjobiswashingandcooking.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps. （3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语。Shelikesdrawingverymuch.；②作某些短语动词的宾语。MaryisthinkingofgoingbacktoNewYork.；③do+限定词（my,some,any,the等）+-ing，表示“做…事”之意，如：WeoftendoourcleaningonSaturdayafternoon.WillyoudoanyshoppingonSaturdaythisafternoon?④作介词的宾语：Hersisterisgoodatlearningphysics.；⑤作形容词worth,busy等的宾语：Thisbookiswellworthreading.–ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用it作为形式宾语，而将作宾语的-ing后置，如：Wefounditnogoodtalkinglikethat.Doyouthinkitnecessarytryingagain? （4）作定语：Thesleepingchildisonlyfiveyearsold.Doyouknowthemanstandingatthegate?注：-ing形式作定语用时，如果-ing只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是-ing短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后，-ing作定语时，被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。另外，-ing作定语用时，其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的，如果不是同时进行的，就不能用-ing作定语，要使用定语从句，如：ThegirlwhowrotealetterthereyesterdaycanspeakEnglishverywell. （5）作宾语补足语：Wecanseesteamrisingfromthewetclothes.注：当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时，句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语，可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,find,have,keep等。 （6）作状语：①时间状语：SeeingTom,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofhisbrother.分词在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加when或while（表时间或条件，让步），如：Whencrossingstreet,youmustbecareful.②原因状语：Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.③方式或伴随状语：MarystoodattheschoolgatewaitingforBetty. 3、主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语，并且是它所表示的动作的执行者，如：Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadanEnglishnovel. 4、被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作，而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定语或状语用。如：Thetruckbeingrepairedthereisours. 5、被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用。如：Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary. 6、-ing形式的复合结构。在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，如：Yoursmokinganddrinkingtoomuchwilldoharmtoyourhealth.但在口语中，这种结构如作宾语用，其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格，名词的所有格常用名词的普通格代替，如：SheinsistedonPeter’s(orPeter)goingtherefirst. 7、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。一般说来，表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。表示一个具体某一次的动作时，多用动词不定式，如：Ourjobismakingsteel.Shelikesplayingthepiano,butshedoesn'twanttoplayittoday. 8、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。-ing形式作定语用时，其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生，而动词不定式作定语时，其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如：ThegirlwritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell./Ihavethreeletterstowrite. 9、-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。（1）不定式作宾补时，其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，如：Ihavetoldthemtocomeagaintomorrow.（2）在see,watch,hear,feel等之后，如果用-ing形式作宾补，表示其动作正在进行中，而用不带to的不定式作宾补时，不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程，如：Ihearhersingingintheroom.我听见她正在屋里唱歌。Ihearhersingintheroom.我听见她在屋里唱过歌。 10、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况，而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时，一般是作目的或结果状语，如：Notreceivinghisletter,Iwrotetohimagain./Ilookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.练习、非谓语动词（二）1.Aliensaidthathistripwas_______.A.interestedB.interestC.interestingD.ofinterest2.Wecan'tunderstand______adecisionuntilitistoolate.A.himtopostponetomakeB.hispostponingtomakeC.himtopostponemakingD.hispostponingmaking3.Icouldn'tunderstand______atthepoorchild.A.youtolaughB.youlaughC.whylaughD.youlaughing4.It'snouse______withhim.Youmightaswell=hadbetter______withastonewall.A.arguing,argueB.toargue,arguingC.arguing,arguingD.toargue,argue5.Itisnogood______today'sworkfortomorrow.A.toleaveB.leavingC.thatyouleaveD.leave6.Theoldman's______pityonthesnakeledtohisowndeath.A.takeB.takingC.beingtakenD.have7.It'sverykind______you______sayso.A.of,toB.for,toC.to,toD.of,/8.Somepeople'sgreatestpleasureis______.A.fishingB.tofishC.tobefishD.beingfishing9.Remember______thebook,whenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingbackB.havingputbackC.toputbackD.willputback10.Youdidn'thearuscomebacklastnight.That'sgood.Wetried______noisy.A.tonotbeB.nottobeC.beingnotD.notbeing11.Thoughhefailed,hetried_______itagainandagain.A.todoB.doingC.doD.done.12.You'llregret______thosewords.Youmayhurtherfeelings.A.sayB.tosayC.havingsaidD.tohavesaid13.Youcankeepthebookuntilyou______.A.havefinishedreadingB.finishtoreadC.willfinishreadingD.havefinishedtoread14.Wearelookingforwardto______anotherchance______itagain.A.begiven,totryB.give,totry.C.giving,tryingD.having/beinggiven,totry15.Mostofthestudentsenjoy_____stamps.A.collectB.tocollectC.collectingD.collected16.Excusemefor_____inwithout______.A.coming,askingB.coming,beingaskedC.tocome,askingD.tocome,beingasked17.Peoplecouldn'thelp______thefoolishgirl.A.laughatB.tolaughatC.laughingatD.laughing:18."Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?" "Oh.excellent,it'sworth_______asecondtime."A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread19."Iusuallygotherebytrain." "Whynot______byboatforachange?"A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing20.Iwastooexcited______.A.speakB.tospeakC.nottospeakD.speaking21.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented22.Itisnouse_____tocomenow.Heisbusy.A.askhimB.toaskhimC.thatyouaskhimD.askinghim23.Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands_______behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtied C.tobetiedD.tied24.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter____afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive.25.Thecomputercentre,______lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened.26.Doyouknowtheboy_______underthebigtree?A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying27.Mostoftheartists______tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited28.Englishisalanguage______inmanycountries.A.spokenB.speakingC.bespokenD.tospeak29."Canyouread?"Marysaidtothenotice.A.angrily,pointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrily,pointedD.andangrilypointing30.Therewasaterriblenoise_______thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed31.____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven32._____theirstudents,thefamousteachercameintothehall.A.FollowedB.Followedby(Following)C.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowed33.Yourflatneeds_____.Wouldyoulikemeitforyou?A.toclean,todoB.cleaning,doingC.cleaning,todoD.tobecleaned,doing34.Do