爱尔兰英语国家概况课件

IrishNationalFlag,alsoknownastheIrishtricolour.ThegreenrepresentsRomanCatholicismwhiletheorangerepresentsProtestantism.Thewhiteinthecentresignifiesalastingpeacebetweenthe'Green'andthe'Orange'.IrishNationalFlag,alsoknow1FrenchNationalFlag,alsoknownastheFrenchtricolour,TheTricolourwasusedduringtheFrenchRevolutionandhassincebecomeasymboloflibertyaroundtheworld.Othernationshavealsoadoptedthedesign,usuallyassociatedwithFreedom自由,Equality平等andFraternity(Brotherhood)博爱.FrenchNationalFlag,alsokno2RussianNationalFlagRussianNationalFlag3GermanNationalFlagGermanNationalFlag4IrishGermanFrenchRussianIrishGermanFrenchRussian5IrishHarpissocloselyassociatedwithIrishidentitythatitservesasthenation'snationalemblem.IrishHarpissocloselyassoc6爱尔兰英语国家概况课件76.1Geography6.1Geography8Area:70,273sq.km.;Capital:Dublin;GeographicalFeatures:Ithasbeencomparedtoabasin盆地inwhichacentrallimestoneplainrimmedbylow,oftenruggedmountainrangesalongthecoasts.Climate:Ithasatemperatemaritimeclimatewithlittleseasonalorregionalvariationandexcessiverainfall.Ireland’svividgreenlandscapeshaveearneditthetitleEmeraldIsle

绿宝石.Area:70,273sq.km.;Capital:9爱尔兰英语国家概况课件10TheLiffeyRiverflowsthroughDublin.

TheLiffeyRiverflowsthrough11TheShannonRiver(370kmlong;SevernRiver:338km;ThamesRiver:336km.)isthelongestriverintheBritishIsles.Itconsistsofachainoflakes,beginsinthenorthwestandflowssouthwestbeforereachingtheAtlanticOceanthroughawide,lengthyestuary河口.Itprovideselectricpowerformuchofthecountry.TheShannonRiver(370kmlong12爱尔兰英语国家概况课件13爱尔兰英语国家概况课件146.2HistoryEnglandfirstinvadedIrelandin1171

TheActofUnion《联合法案》waspassedin1800Anglo-IrishTreatywassignedin1921TheRepublicofIrelandwasfoundedin19496.2History15TheCeltictribesarrivedintheislandaboutthe6thcenturyBC.Inthe9thcenturytheViking北欧海盗invasionsbegan.Theyweredrivenawayinabout1014.EnglandfirstinvadedIrelandunderHenryII(1133-1189,inpower1154-1189)in1171.ButtheEnglishdidnothavefullcontroluntilthe17thcentury.TheCeltictribesarrivedint16TheActofUnion《联合法案》waspassedin1800,unitingGreatBritainandIrelandastheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.From1845to1851,IrishPotatoFaminecausesabout1milliondeathsandtheemigrationofabout1.5millionpeople.In1916

(April24-April29),EasterRebellioninDublinbrokeout,inwhichIrishnationalistforcestakecontrolofthecitybeforebeingforcedtosurrenderbytheBritishtroops.TheActofUnion《联合法案》waspass17Anglo-IrishTreatywassignedin1921,whichendedtheIrishWarofIndependence(1919-1921)andtheIrishFreeStatewasestablishedwithdominionstatuswithintheCommonwealthofNations.TheRepublicofIrelandwasfoundedin1949,andseparatedfromtheBritishCommonwealth.Anglo-IrishTreatywassigned18Today,uncertaintiesinthenorthcontinuetocolorpoliticsintheIrishRepublic.However,attemptstoendtheviolencehavebroughtthegovernmentsoftheIrishRepublicandtheUnitedKingdomcloser.InJuly2019theIRAformallydeclaredanendtoitsarmedcampaignagainsttheBritishruleinNorthernIreland.In2019,theProtestantandCatholicfactionsinNorthernIrelandagreedtoformanewgovernment.Today,uncertaintiesinth19RelationswithOtherCountries:IrelandattachesspecialimportancetoitsrelationswiththeUnitedStatesandAustralia,wherepeopleofIrishdescentarenumerous.Ireland’srelationswithitsEuropeanneighborshavebecomeincreasinglyimportantasaresultofitsmembershipinEU.However,unlikemostwesternEuropeanstates,IrelandisnotamemberofNATO.Ireland,whichisnotpartofanymilitaryalliance,strivestomaintainaneutralpositioninworldaffairs.RelationswithOtherCountries206.3GovernmentandPoliticsHeadofstatePresident(directsuffrageforatermof7years;weakenedinpowerinthepastyears)HeadofgovernmentPrimeminister(hasgrowninpower)Legislature(Parliament,orOireachtas[`eErEkWEs])HouseofRepresentatives(Dail[dCIl],morepowercomparedwithSenate),166members

Senate(Seanad),60members6.3GovernmentandPoliticsHea21Constitution29December1937;amended2019(theoreticallyapplicabletothewholeofIreland.Actuallyitconsistsof26ofthe32countiesofIreland.)HighestcourtSupremeCourt(IrishlawisbasedonEnglishcommonlawanditsconstitution.)Constitution29December1937;22Politicalparties:FiannaFail([5

fi:EnE]共和党,SoldiersofDestiny,moreradicalandhasbeeninpowerforalmost50ofitssome80yearsinexistence);FineGael(统一党,IrishTribe,moreconservative);bothdescendedfromSinnFéin(新芬党WeOurselves);TheLaborParty;TheProgressiveDemocraticParty.Politicalparties:FiannaFail23

6.4PeopleandReligion

Population:4,156,119(July2019est.)PopulationinDublin:495,781ThebasicethnicgroupisCeltic,withanadmixtureofNorse挪威人,French,NormanandEnglish.Therearenosignificantethnicminorities.HistoricallyIrelandhasbeenfreeofethnicconflictsbecauseofitsracialhomogeneity[7hCmEudVe5ni:iti]同种.6.4PeopleandReligion24

FormorethanacenturyaftertheGreatPotatoFamineofthe1840s,Ireland’spopulationsteadilydeclined,despitethenation’srelativelyhighbirthrate.Thiscontinuousdeclineresultedfrommassemigration,initiallytoescapethefamineandlatertoseekemploymentandbetterlives,mainlyintheUnitedStatesandintheindustrializedcitiesoftheUnitedKingdom.Formorethanacentury25Inthe1960sand1970semigrationfellsharplyandnolongeroffset抵销thenaturalincrease.Bythe1980sIreland’spopulationwasgrowingatanannualrateofabout0.5percent,andinthe1990simmigrationbegantoexceedemigrationbyasmallmargin.In2019Ireland’spopulationgrewatanannualrateof1.16percent,oneofthehighestratesinwesternEurope.Inthe1960sand1970semi26Officiallanguages:EnglishandIrish.Almost

all

the

peopleofIrelandspeakEnglish,andaboutone-fourthalsoclaimtospeakIrish,aGaelictonguethatbelongstothefamilyofCelticlanguages.

Chiefreligion:RomanCatholic,93percent;TheAnglicanChurchofIreland爱尔兰圣公会,4percent;Others,3percent.Officiallanguages:Englishan27IrelandisoneofthemostCatholiccountriesofEurope.Catholicism[kE5WClisizm]天主教(教义)isamatterofpublicidentitymorethanmerelyaprivatefaith.ItextendsfarbeyondthebordersofIrelandasaresultofthelarge19th-centuryemigration.AbouthalftheCatholicbishopsintheUnitedStatesareofIrishorigin.Irelandisoneofthemost28SaintPatrick’sDayorSt.Patrick’sDay圣帕特里克节Holiday

honoring

SaintPatrick,thepatronsaintofIreland.ItiscelebratedannuallyonMarch17,hisfeastday宗教节日.SaintPatrickwasamissionaryinthe5thcenturyADwhoiscreditedwithconvertingIrelandtoChristianity.St.Patrick’sDayisIreland’sNationalDay(notDecember6,1921,whentheBritishsignedtheAnglo-IrishTreatyestablishinganIrishFreeState).ItisalsocelebratedbypeopleofIrishdescentinmanyothercountries,especiallybyIrishAmericansintheUnitedStates.SaintPatrick’sDayorSt.Pat29SaintPatrick:SaintPatrick,knownastheApostleofIreland,becamebishopofIrelandsometimeafter432.Manylegendsexistabouthislife,includingthathedrovethesnakesoutofIreland,asisdepictedhere.SaintPatrick:SaintPatrick,30SaintPatrick'sCathedral,Armagh,NorthernIrelandSaintPatrick'sCathedral,Arm31SaintPatrick'sCathedral,NewYorkSaintPatrick'sCathedral,New32爱尔兰英语国家概况课件33IrishAmericanscelebrateSaintPatrick’sDaywithparades.Theshamrock三叶草wasoriginallychosenasthenationalemblemofIrelandbecauseofthelegendthatSaintPatrickusedtheplanttoillustratethedoctrineoftheTrinity.TheyhavebeenconsideredbytheIrishasgood-lucksymbolssinceearliesttimes.IrishAmericanscelebrateSain34爱尔兰英语国家概况课件35shamrock

三叶草shamrock三叶草36爱尔兰英语国家概况课件37酸咪咪酸咪咪38Designsofshamrock

三叶草Designsofshamrock三叶草39爱尔兰英语国家概况课件40PresidentBushandfirstladyLauraBushreceiveabowlofshamrock三叶草fromIrishPrimeMinisterBertieAhernduringaceremonymarkingSt.Patrick'sDayintheWhiteHouse.PresidentBushandfirstlady41爱尔兰英语国家概况课件42NationalFlag(UnionJack)AcombinationofthecrossesofSt.George(redcrossofEngland),St.Andrew(whitediagonal斜的crossofScotland),andSt.Patrick(reddiagonalcrossofIreland)

NationalFlag(UnionJack)Aco436.5Economy

The

economy

of

Irelandwastraditionallybasedonagricultureandtheprocessingofagriculturalproducts.ItusedtobeoneoftheleastdevelopedcountriesintheEEC.Heavydependenceonagricultureandlackofeconomicopportunityledtoahighrateofemigration,whichcontributedtoalong-termdecreaseinIreland’spopulation.Atthesametime,Irelandwashighlydependentonthe6.5EconomyThe

economy

of

44UnitedKingdomastheprimarymarketforitsagriculturalexports.AfterIrelandbecameamemberofEECin1973,Irishgoodssoonfoundthe