Unit+3+ 4+单元过关卷 高三英语一轮复习人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

高三一轮复习单元过关卷选择性必修三Unit3-Unit4（A）第Ⅰ卷（选择题）一、阅读理解ACaringforournaturalworldisabigjobbuttherearelotsoflittlethingsthatwecandotomakeadifference!Whatwillyoutry?Maybeyouhavesomegreattipstosharetoo?Youcansendusanemailandletusknow!HowtouselessplasticPlasticwasteisbadnewsfortheseaandforwildlife.Here’swhatyoucandoaboutit.MakeartfrombeachlitterCarolineBondisabeachcleanerfromEastSussex.Shealsomakesartfromthelittershecollectsfrombeaches!GoonalitterpickorbeachcleanDoingalitterpickinyourlocalareawillhelpkeepwildlifesafefromharm.HowtoconservewaterIfwealldoourpartinconservingpreciouswatersupplies,wecanmakeahugedifferencefortheenvironment.TheproblemwithballoonsBalloonreleasesaredisastrousforwildlife.Here’swhytoavoidthemandsomegreateco-alternativestoballoons!Recycling—whatdifferencedoesitmake?Whetheryoudropacanofpopintoawasteorrecyclingbin,it’seasytothinkthatthissmallacthasnorealconsequence.Afterall,…PalmoilandwhyitmattersPalmoilisatypeofvegetableoilbutsadlyalotoftropicalhabitatisbeingdestroyedtomakeit.Thismeansmanyanimalsare...Earth’sMightiestHeroesEarthhasloadsofsuperwaystofightoffthevillainousclimatecrisis:fromwoodlandstopeatbogstowhales!HowtomakecompostInsteadofsendingyourgreenwastetolandfill,createyourowncompost.Hereishowtogetstartedcomposting.ABIGWILDWELCOMEWeabsolutelylovewildlife—andbetyoudotoo!WildlifeWatchishereforkidsthatcan’tgetenoughofexploringthegreatoutdoorsorthosedesperatetofindoutabitmoreabouttheweirdandwonderfulcreaturesweshareourworldwith.It’spartofTheWildlifeTrusts,wholookafterlotsofawesomeplacesforwildlifeandrunhundredsofeventseachyearintheUK.1.Whomightbeinterestedinthepassage?A.Peoplewhoexploretheoutdoors.B.Peoplewhoareanimaltrainers.C.Peoplewhowouldliketocareforourplanet. D.Peoplewhowanttomakeadifferenceintheirjobs.2.Accordingtothepassage,itcanbelearnedthat____________.A.tropicalhabitatisbeingdestroyedbymakingpalmoilB.makingcompostdoesharmtotheenvironmentC.droppingacanofpopintotherecyclingbinhasnorealconsequenceD.balloonreleasescanbetransformedintoenergy—efficientones.3.Wheredoesthepassagemostprobablycomefrom?A.Anadvertisementcolumn. B.Asciencejournal.C.Awebsite. D.Abrochure.BDressedinashinymetallicsuit,KatiaKrafft’ssmallframeisovershadowedbytheredcurtainofmoltenrockthatburstsfromthegroundbeforeher.Thedramaticmomentwascaptured(捕捉)inaphototakenatopIceland’sKraflavolcanoin1984,duringthefinalbreathingofamulti-year-longeruption.Lookingattheimage,onecanalmostfeelthevolcano’sheat,hearitsroar,andsenseKrafft’sheartpoundingasthevolcanologistdoeswhatshelovesmost:bearingwitnesstoourplanet’sstronganger.KatiaKrafftwasafearlesspioneerinvolcanology,studyingtheexplosivepeaksatatimewhentherewerefewwomeninthefield.ShewasbornintheRhinevalleyofnortheastFrancein1942,curingtheheightofWorldWarII.ThechaotichumanworlddrovebothKatiaandherhusband,MauriceKrafft,alsoavolcanologist,toseekcomfortinnature.Themomentavolcanoexploded,theydroppedeverythingtoanalyzeandcapturethebeautyandmysteryofeachevent.TheKrafftsusedtheirvideosofexplosiveeruptionstoexplainthecomplexrisksanduncertaintiesofthesedisasters.Itchangedtheabilitytocommunicatevolcanoscience.TheirvideosarecreditedasoneoftheprimaryreasonsthatofficialsinthePhilippinestookthewarningsignsofMountPinatubo’seruptionin1991seriously.YettheKraffsdidn’tlivetoseethateruption.ThecouplediedlessthantwoweeksearlierinJapanduringamonstrouseruption,whichclaimed41otherlives.Katia’simpactonvolcanologyhasreachedfarbeyondherdeathandhasencouragedmanyyoungwomentostudyourrestlessplanet.“KatiaKrafftisdefinitelythereasonwhyI’mdoingthisjob,”saysCarlaTiraboschi,apostdoctoralresearcherattheUniversityofMinster,Germany.TiraboschifirstsawKatiainadocumentarywhenshewasjustsixorsevenyearsoldandhasbeencrazyaboutvolcanoeseversince.Shenowstudiestheprocessesatworkdeepbelowthevolcanicpeaks.4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinparagraph1?A.Theimportanceofvolcanology. B.Thedamageofavolcaniceruption.C.Thedifficultyoffilmingvolcanoes. D.KatiaKrafft’spassionforherwork.5.Whatcanweknowaboutthevideosofexplosiveeruptions?A.Theypreventedanaturaldisaster. B.TheyservedasawarninginJapan.C.Theyhelpedspreadvolcanoscience. D.TheycoveredMountPinatubo’seruption.6.HowdidKatiainfluenceCarlaTiraboschi?A.Katia’sdeathmadeherrestless. B.Katiahelpedherwithherresearch.C.Katia’sdeedsinspiredhercareerchoice. D.Katiataughthertomakeadocumentary.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKatiaKrafft?A.Creativeandhonest. B.Braveandenthusiastic.C.Ambitiousandoutgoing. D.Determinedandgenerous.CANewFashionTrendFashiondesignersarealwayslookingfornewmaterialstoworkwith.Lately,it’sallaboutsustainablematerials—recycledtires,mushrooms,evenpineapplefibers!Whatifyouwantasustainablepairofshoes?Thaelyisheretohelp.ThissneakerbrandoutofDubaiwantstofightthegrowingproblemofplasticpollution.Ledby28-year-oldIndianbusinessmanAshayBhave,theymayhavefoundawinningstrategy:makingshoesoutofplasticgrocerybags.“Thaely”means“plasticbag”intheHindilanguage.“Iwaslookingtocreatefootwearthatiscost-effectiveandsafefortheenvironment,”BhavesaidinaninterviewwiththeKhaleejTimesnewspaper.“Ineededtocomeupwithsomethingthatusesrecycledplasticwithoutcreatinganymoreplasticwaste.”Plasticbagsweretheperfectsolution.Bhave’shomecountry,India,bannedsingle-useplastics.However,inaninterviewwithEllemagazine,Bhavesaidit’spoorlyenforced.Hesaidfivetrillion(万亿)plasticbagsareusedaroundtheworldeachyear.“Iwasmotivatedtofindasolutiontothisproblem,”Bhavesaid.ThatsolutionwasthefabriccalledThaelyTex.Madeentirelyfromplasticbags,themateriallooksandfeelslikeleather,Bhaveclaimed.Thatsoundspromising.Betteryet,theproductionprocessrequiresnoadditionalchemicalsandreleasesnotoxicby-products.Theendresultisasmart-lookingpairofwhitelow-topsneakers.Thaelywouldn’trevealthefullprocessformakingThaelyTex,buthesaidthateachpairofshoesismadefromupto15plasticbagsandupto22plasticbottles.Wheredotheygetsomuchmaterial?BhavetoldEllethatwasthehardestpart.“Thebiggestchallengewefacedwasrightatthefirststepofacquiringtheplasticbags.”Finally,theygothelpfromTrioTapTechnologies,awastemanagementplant.BhavesaidtheyofferedtocollectthebagsandalsotoprocessthemintoThaelyTex.Sofar,itseemslikethingsarefallingintoplace.Therearealreadyhundredsofpre-ordersinplace.Itsoundsliketheyhavesomeplansforthefuture.“Wehaveafewmorecolourscomingup,”saidBhave.Theyalsoplantoputoutahigh-topmodelandintroducealineofclothing.Let’shopetheirgrowthisalsosustainable.8.Theunderlinedword“winning”inParagraph2means“________”.A.absolutelyperfect B.highlyprofitableC.legallyresponsible D.mutuallyfavourable9.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraphs4?A.Plasticbagsareathreattotheshoemakingindustry.B.Makingshoeswithplasticbagsispollutionfree.C.Thebanonplasticbagsdoesn’tworkwellinIndia.D.Makingmoneyisthetoppriorityforshoedesigners.10.AccordingtoBhave,thefeatureofThaelyTexis________.A.pollution-freeandcolourful B.eco-friendlyandleatherlikeC.readilyavailableandpopular D.good-lookinganddurable11.Thesoleofthenewfashiontrendisthat________.A.fashiondoesn’tnecessarilyhavetopollute B.changingfashionisacreationofwasteC.traditionalfashionstyleisnewagain D.recycledfashionmeetscustomers’needsDInChina,2022bidfarewelltoaseriesoffireworksandthescratchingoffof200millionmetrictonsofplasticstrawsfromthenation’spollutionstocks.Thebancomesintoeffectfirstwithtwoitems,plasticstrawsandsingle-useshoppingbags,withothersingle-useplasticstofollow.Chinaisoneoffewerthan10nationstobanplasticstrawscompletely.Thebanaimstoreduceplasticpollutionwhilemovingtobiodegradable(可生物降解的)alternatives,startingwithplasticstraws.ButthereissomethinguniquethatmakesaplasticstrawbaninChinahavemoreeffectthaninothercountries.Itisn’tthefactthatitisthemostpopulousnation.It’sthatpaperandpolylacticacid(聚乳酸)compoundstrawswillreplaceplasticonesusedwhenpeoplearehavingtheirfavouritedrink—tapiocapearltea,alsoknownasbubbletea.Chineseconsumerslovebubbletea.Thesetreats,oftentakingtheplaceoftheWest’smorningcoffee,aredrunkthroughplasticstrawslargerandthickerthanthosewewouldrecognizefromMcDonald’sastheymustbeabletoadapttothemovementofthe“bubbles”oftapiocapudding.Manybubbleteachainshavealreadybeenusingpaperstrawsformostoftheyearaheadofthefirststageoftheplasticbanscheduledtostartin2021.OneChinesenewsagencyreportsthatwhilepricesforbiodegradablealternativestostrawsandbagsaremoreexpensive,thebanhasseenthemarketshareforbio-plasticsincreasetoanexpected$7.3billionin2025,andafurtherdoublingto$13.9billionby2030,suggestingthecostwillrapidlydecreaseasmorecompaniesenterthemarketwithnewtechnologies.12.Whatdoweknowabouttheban?A.Itaimstoimproveplasticstrawsandsingle-useshoppingbags.B.Itencouragespaperandpolylacticacidcompoundmaterialstoreplacealltheplastics.C.Itbeginswithplasticstrawsandsingle-useshoppingbags.D.Itwillsolveplasticpollutioncompletely.13.WhydoestheplasticstrawbanhavemoreeffectonChina?A.Chinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.B.Chinesepeoplepreferplasticstraws.C.AlargequantityofplasticstrawsarebeingusedwhenChinesepeoplearehavingtheirfavouritedrink.D.MilkteawillnolongerbelovedbyChineseconsumers.14.Whatcanweinferaboutbiodegradablealternatives’futurefromthelastparagraph?A.Itwillbeworrying. B.Itwillbepromising.C.Itwillbehopeless. D.Itwillbeuncertain.15.Whichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappearin?A.Entertainment. B.Health.C.Education. D.Environment.二、七选五Gardensaresomeofthemostbeautifulplacesonearth.Thesadrealityofgardeningisthatweedscompetewiththeplantsyouwantandtakeawayfromtheirbeauty.___16___Mostpeopletrytofindaquickandeasysolutiontotheproblemofweedsbyusingchemicalweedkillers,knownasherbicides.Sometimes,though,asolutioncancauseevenbiggerproblems.Actuallyusingchemicalherbicidescanhavequiteafewunintendedconsequences.___17___Theyeffectivelykillweeds,buttheycanalsokillotherdesirableplantsandspecies.Notonlythat,butherbicidesposesignificanthealthriskstohumans.Anddidyouknowthatrepeateduseofherbicidescanmakeweedsresistanttotheireffects?___18___Afterweedshavealreadyinvadedyourflowerbedorgarden,youobviouslyhavetofindawaytohandlethem.Therearetwobasicmethodsofremovingweeds:physicalremovalandmechanicalremoval.Physicalremoval—whenusingthismethodyouareliterallydestroyingtheweedsbyputtingthemoutoftheground.___19___Thismethodisgenerallyveryeffective,butittakeseffort.Mechanicalremoval—thismethod,whichusesaweedeateroralawnmower,mowsweedsdowntotheground.Itdoesn’ttakeouttheroots,though,sotheweedswillgrowback.___20___Withthismethod,itnotonlybeatifiesthegardenbutalsosavesyoumucheffort.Byusingsomeofthesenaturalmethods,youcankeepyourgardenlookingsuperbwithoutusingdangerousherbicidesthatcoulddamageyourhealthandtheenvironment.A.Butherbicidesuseisn’ttheonlywaytogetridofweeds.B.Then,placegardenplantsclosetogethertocrowdouttheweeds.C.Youcanpullouttheweedsbyhandortakethemoutwithashovel.D.Asyoumightimagine,thesechemicalspoisontheenvironment.E.Herearesomesolutionstokeepingweedsfrominvadingyourgardeninthefirstplace.F.Asforpreventingweeds,coveringthegroundwithlandscapesfabricsmaybeagoodway.G.Asaresult,weedcontrolseemstobeanever-endingpartofsustainingthebeautyofagarden.三、完形填空KarenDarkewasparalyzed(瘫痪的)fromthechestdowninaclimbingaccidentmorethan20yearsago.However,ithasn’tstoppedherwinningParalympicgoldorcontinuingherlifeasanextreme___21___.Shewas21whenshefell10metres(about33feet)offaseacliffwhilerock___22___inScotland.Shewokeupandwastoldshewasparalyzedfromthechestdown.She’sbeenina___23___eversince.Shehadareallyhardtime.However,whatopenedhereyeswasseeingotherpatientsaroundherwithevenlessmusclefunction,andthenewsofaclosefrienddyingwhileclimbing,onlyafewmonthsafterherownaccident.“Itjustkindofmademe___24___thatIwasstillhere,andIhadtomakethemostofthesituation,”shesays.Herfirst___25___afterheraccidentwasahandbikeridealongtheSilkRoutefromKazakhstantoPakistanintheHimalayasin1997,whichshestillthinksishermost___26___onesofar.Otherexpeditions(远征)___27___,includingmoreHimalayanrides,sit-skiingacrossGreenlandin2007andclimbingthe3,000-footcliffElCapitaninYosemitein2008.Darke___28___theBritishPara-cyclingteamin2010andwonsilverattheLondonParalympicstwoyearslater.Shewas___29___togoonebetterinRio,but___30___likeacaraccidentin2013andaninfectioninthefallof2015madetraining___31___.HerlatestadventureisQuest79,aprojectto___32___atotalofninehandbikeridesonsevencontinentswhile___33___moneyforcharityandencouragingotherstotakeontheirownchallenges.Darkebelievesthebiggest___34___tolivingandachievingourdreamsisn’tourbodies,butourminds.“Evenifinour___35___dayswhenwethinkwecan’tdoitanymore,anythingispossible.”21.A.adventurer B.patient C.coach D.driver22.A.striking B.climbing C.drilling D.shaking23.A.wheelchair B.ward C.hospital D.car24.A.realize B.dream C.find D.imagine25.A.permission B.travel C.impression D.expedition26.A.significant B.painful C.ordinary D.disappointing27.A.fixed B.followed C.engaged D.lay28.A.attended B.ran C.joined D.escaped29.A.strange B.careful C.relaxed D.desperate30.A.setbacks B.opportunities C.fortune D.supports31.A.attractive B.fearful C.meaningful D.challenging32.A.rise B.catch C.undertake D.notice33.A.making B.raising C.owning D.offering34.A.solution B.approach C.connection D.barrier35.A.lightest B.brightest C.darkest D.shortest第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）四、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Inrecentyears,sharedvegetableplots(地块)havebeenappearinginShanghai’ssuburbandistrictsasmorewhite-collarworkersturntofarmingtorelaxandescapethepressuresofcitylife.Amongtheseindividuals___36___(be)YangRui,who,onweekends,driveshisfamilyfromtheirhomeindowntowntotheAll-HappyCity,___37___sharedecologicalfarminMinhang,wherehehasrenteda20-square-metervegetableplotfor1,600yuanperyear.Thefamilytendscarrots,lettuceandothervegetablestheyhaveplanted.Whentheyaren’taroundduringtheweek,___38___(professional)takeovertheworkandperformwhateverchores___39___(need).Thisfarmhasabout200members,someof___40___evenraisechickensandducksthatwanderinthefields.___41___(found)byChenYouguiinOctober,thesharedfarmhasanareaof13.33hectares___42___comeswithsharedvegetableplotsandleisureareas.AccordingtoChen,themonitoringsystem___43___(cover)theentirefarmlandallowsmemberstoviewtheirvegetablesandfieldsremotelythroughtheirphones.Thefarmalsousestechnologytoensurethatthechickensandducksraised___44___customersdon’tgomissingorendupinsomeoneelse’splot—eachanimalcomeswithitsownQRcode.Chennotesthatmanyofhiscustomersareparentswhorentplots___45___(primary)toteachtheirkidsaboutscienceandnatureandhowfarmingworks.五、书面表达假如你是校学生会主席，为了更好地保护环境，你代表学生会向全校学生发出倡议。请根据以下内容，写一份倡议书：1.保护环境是我们的职责。2.我们要养成环保的习惯：(1)尽量步行上学或骑自行车上学；(2)不随地扔垃圾：(3)节约用水；(4)……3.发出环保的号召。注意：1.词数：80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dearfiends,Aswecansee,theenvironmentaroundusisgettingworseandworse.____________________________________________________________________________________________TheStudents’Union六、读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。WhenIwasalittleboy,myfamilywasn’tthewell-offone.MomandDadcouldinitiallyaffordthreemealsadayandmyschoollunch,butthatchangedafterDadhadastroke(中风).Hewasunabletowork,soMombecamethefamilybreadwinner.Ifeltterribleaboutmyfamily’ssituation,soItoldMomI’dlendherahandandstopgoingtoschooluntilDadcouldwork.ButMomrefused.“Ifyouwanttohelpus,Hector,”shesaid,“don’tgiveuponschool.”Iwasmissingoutonmanythingsmypeershadbutthatdidn’thurtme.Whathurtmewasthatwhileeveryoneelsewaseatinglunchatschool,Iwouldsitintheplayground.“It’sOK!”Iwouldassuremyself.“I’mnothungry!”Oneday,Ileftclassduringlunchbreakandwenttomyusualspotintheplayground.Then,Isawalunchboxthere.“Delicious!”readthenotenexttoit.Ilookedaround,thinkingsomeonehadleftittherebyaccident,buttherewasnoonearound.Iwashungry,soIopenedthebox,andtherewasadelicioussandwichandacookieinside.IknewwhatIdidnextwaswrong,butIranawaywiththesandwichandcookie,leavingtheemptyboxbehind.Ihidsomewhereandwolfedthefooddown,anditwasso…yummy!Ifeltbadabouteatingsomeoneelse’slunch,butIwasstarving.“I’msorry,”Isaidquietly,thinkingthelunchboxwasn’tforme.Butthenextday,theboxwasthereagain,anditwasagaintherethedayafterthat.Iatefromitonemoretime,butthenIstopped.Why?Becauseitseemedlikethewrongthingtodo.Then,oneday,asIwasabouttoleavetheclassroomfortheplayground,thewholeclasssurroundedme.“Hector,whydidyoustopeatingfromthelunchbox?”myfriendTomaskedme.“It’sthefoodthateveryonesavesforyou!”“Youleftthelunchbox?”Iaskedintears.“Why?”“That’sthebestwaytohelpyou,”saidoneofmyclassmates,Stacey.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Seeingmysurprisedlook,Staceyputhisarmsaroundmeandcontinuedtoexplain.____________________________________________________________________________________________Layingthelunchboxtoheartforyears,Iinvitedallmyclassmatestomyrestaurant.____________________________________________________________________________________________

答案【答案】1.C2.A3.C【解析】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了一些关爱自然的建议。1.细节理解题。根据第一段“Caringforournaturalworldisabigjobbuttherearelotsoflittlethingsthatwecandotomakeadifference!Whatwillyoutry?Maybeyouhavesomegreattipstosharetoo?Youcansendusanemailandletusknow!(照顾我们的自然世界是一项大工程，但是我们可以做很多小事情来改变世界！你会怎么做？也许你也有一些好的建议可以分享？你可以给我们发电子邮件，让我们知道！)”可知，愿意关心我们地球的人们可能对本文感兴趣，故选C。2.细节理解题。根据图表中Palmoilandwhyitmatters部分下的“Palmoilisatypeofvegetableoilbutsadlyalotoftropicalhabitatisbeingdestroyedtomakeit.(棕榈油是一种植物油，但不幸的是，许多热带栖息地正在遭到破坏。)”可知，生产棕榈油正在造成热带栖息地被破坏，故选A。3.文章来源题。根据第一张图片可知，这是一个网页，由此可推知本文可能选自网页，故选C。【答案】4.D5.C6.C7.B【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了法国火山学家KatiaKrafft和丈夫一起一生追逐危险的活火山，留下的图像与影像帮助传播火山科学，并激励更多的人从事火山研究。4.推理判断题。第一段中“Dressedinashinymetallicsuit,KatiaKrafft’ssmallframeisovershadowedbytheredcurtainofmoltenrockthatburstsfromthegroundbeforeher.Thedramaticmomentwascaptured(捕捉)inaphototakenatopIceland’sKraflavolcanoin1984,duringthefinalbreathingofamulti-year-longeruption.(KatiaKrafft穿着闪亮的金属套装，她矮小的身躯被眼前从地面迸射出来的红色熔岩幕遮住了。1984年，在冰岛克拉夫拉火山持续多年的喷发的最后一次呼吸中，这一戏剧性的时刻被拍了下来。看着这张照片，人们几乎可以感受到火山的热量，听到它的轰鸣声，并感觉到火山学家Krafft的心脏在跳动，她正在做她最喜欢的事情：见证我们星球的强烈愤怒。)”通过一张照片描述火山学家KatiaKrafft在喷发的火山前的情景，研究活火山是Katia最喜欢的事情；由此可知，第一段通过对一张照片的描述告诉我们火山学家KatiaKrafft对于研究活火山这一工作非常热爱。故选D。5.细节理解题。根据第三段“TheKrafftsusedtheirvideosofexplosiveeruptionstoexplainthecomplexrisksanduncertaintiesofthesedisasters.Itchangedtheabilitytocommunicatevolcanoscience.TheirvideosarecreditedasoneoftheprimaryreasonsthatofficialsinthePhilippinestookthewarningsignsofMountPinatubo’seruptionin1991seriously.(Krafft夫妇用他们拍摄的火山爆炸性喷发视频来解释这些灾难的复杂风险和不确定性。它改变了火山科学交流的能力。他们的视频被认为是菲律宾官员认真对待1991年皮纳图博火山喷发警告信号的主要原因之一。)”可知，Krafft夫妇用拍摄的火山爆炸性喷发视频解释这些灾难的复杂风险和不确定性，帮助传播火山的科学知识。故选C。6.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Katia’simpactonvolcanologyhasreachedfarbeyondherdeathandhasencouragedmanyyoungwomentostudyourrestlessplanet.“KatiaKrafftisdefinitelythereasonwhyI’mdoingthisjob,”saysCarlaTiraboschi,apostdoctoralresearcherattheUniversityofMinster,Germany.TiraboschifirstsawKatiainadocumentarywhenshewasjustsixorsevenyearsoldandhasbeencrazyaboutvolcanoeseversince.Shenowstudiestheprocessesatworkdeepbelowthevolcanicpeaks.(Katia对火山学的影响远远超出了她的死亡，并鼓励许多年轻女性研究我们这个不安分的星球。德国明斯特大学的博士后研究员CarlaTiraboschi说：“KatiaKrafft肯定是我从事这项工作的原因。”CarlaTiraboschi第一次见到Katia是在一部纪录片中，当时她只有六七岁，从那以后就一直对火山着迷。她现在研究火山峰深处的工作过程。)”可知，CarlaTiraboschi受KatiaKrafft的事迹的鼓舞，选择从事火山研究。故选C。7.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Lookingattheimage,onecanalmostfeelthevolcano’sheat,hearitsroar,andsenseKrafft’sheartpoundingasthevolcanologistdoeswhatshelovesmost:bearingwitnesstoourplanet’sstronganger.(看着这张照片，人们几乎可以感受到火山的热量，听到它的轰鸣声，并感觉到火山学家Krafft的心脏在跳动，她正在做她最喜欢的事情：见证我们星球的强烈愤怒。)”可知，研究活火山喷发是Krafft最喜欢的事情，结合第二段最后一句“Themomentavolcanoexploded,theydroppedeverythingtoanalyzeandcapturethebeautyandmysteryofeachevent.(火山爆发的那一刻，他们放下一切去分析和捕捉每一个事件的美丽和神秘。)”可知，研究火山喷发对于Krafft来说是重要的事情，由此可知，Krafft对于追逐研究危险的活火山充满热情；根据第二段中“KatiaKrafftwasafearlesspioneerinvolcanology,studyingtheexplosivepeaksatatimewhentherewerefewwomeninthefield.…Themomentavolcanoexploded,theydroppedeverythingtoanalyzeandcapturethebeautyandmysteryofeachevent.(KatiaKrafft是一位无畏的火山学先驱，她在研究火山爆发高峰的时候，这个领域里几乎没有女性。……火山爆发的那一刻，他们放下一切去分析和捕捉每一个事件的美丽和神秘。)”以及第三段最后一句“YettheKraffsdidn’tlivetoseethateruption.ThecouplediedlessthantwoweeksearlierinJapanduringamonstrouseruption,whichclaimed41otherlives.(然而，卡夫一家没能活着看到那次喷发。不到两周前，这对夫妇在日本的一次可怕的火山爆发中丧生，那次火山爆发夺去了另外41人的生命。)”可知，火山喷发非常危险，但是火山爆发的时候，Katia夫妇放下一切去研究和拍摄火山喷发，最后不幸在日本的一次火山喷发中死亡；由此可知，Katia对于研究活火山充满热情，面对火山喷发的危险勇敢无畏。因此，B选项“Braveandenthusiastic(勇敢且满腔热忱)”最适合描述KatiaKrafft。故选B。【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。印度商人AshayBhave用塑料袋制作运动鞋，这既能够降低成本，又可以保护环境，引领了新的风尚。8.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句冒号后的“makingshoesoutofplasticgrocerybags”可知，这个策略是用塑料袋制作鞋子。根据第三段中Bhave的话“Iwaslookingtocreatefootwearthatiscost-effectiveandsafefortheenvironment(我一直在寻找一种成本效益高、对环境安全的鞋类)”可知，Bhave想出的这个制鞋方法既节省成本又环保。由此可推测出，这个方法是共赢的。winning在这里与mutuallyfavourable(互利的)意思相近。故选D。9.推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Bhave’shomecountry,India,bannedsingle-useplastics.However,inaninterviewwithEllemagazine,Bhavesaidit’spoorlyenforced.(Bhave的祖国印度禁止使用一次性塑料。然而，在接受《世界时装之苑》杂志采访时，Bhave表示，这项规定执行不力。)”可知，在印度禁止使用一次性塑料的规定并没有得到有效执行，由此可推测出，这项塑料袋的禁令并没有在印度奏效。故选C。10.细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Madeentirelyfromplasticbags,themateriallooksandfeelslikeleather,Bhaveclaimed.(Bhave声称，这种材料完全由塑料袋制成，看起来和感觉都像皮革。)”和“Betteryet,theproductionprocessrequiresnoadditionalchemicalsandreleasesnotoxicby-products.(更好的是，生产过程不需要额外的化学品，也不会释放有毒副产品。)”可知，ThaelyTex这种材料像皮革，并且环保。故选B。11.推理判断题。结合文章标题“ANewFashionTrend”可知，本文主要讲述了一种新的时尚潮流。通读全文可知，第一段中的“Whatifyouwantasustainablepairofshoes?Thaelyisheretohelp.(如果你想要一双环保的鞋怎么办？Thaely来帮忙。)”引出话题，用Thaely（在印度语中表示“塑料”）制作环保的鞋子，接下来介绍了这种鞋子的制作材料和材料来源，由此可推测出，时尚并不一定要造成污染，环保也能引领风尚。故选A。【答案】12.C13.C14.B15.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国实施一项关于塑料吸管和一次性购物袋的禁令，旨在减少塑料污染。文章介绍了这一禁令实施背后的原因以及所带来的影响。12.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thebancomesintoeffectfirstwithtwoitems,plasticstrawsandsingle-useshoppingbags,withothersingle-useplasticstofollow.(该禁令首先对塑料吸管和一次性购物袋两种物品生效，随后将对其他一次性塑料实施禁令。)”可知，禁令从塑料吸管和一次性购物袋开始。故选C。13.细节理解题。根据第三段“ButthereissomethinguniquethatmakesaplasticstrawbaninChinahavemoreeffectthaninothercountries.Itisn’tthefactthatitisthemostpopulousnation.It’sthatpaperandpolylacticacid(聚乳酸)compoundstrawswillreplaceplasticonesusedwhenpeoplearehavingtheirfavouritedrink—tapiocapearltea,alsoknownasbubbletea.(但是，中国的塑料吸管禁令比其他国家更有效，这是有独特之处的。不是因为它是人口最多的国家。纸和聚乳酸复合吸管将取代人们饮用他们最喜欢的饮料——木薯珍珠茶(也被称为珍珠茶)时使用的塑料吸管。)”可知，塑料吸管禁令对中国影响更大，是因为大量的塑料吸管正在被用于中国人最喜欢的饮料。故选C。14.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“OneChinesenewsagencyreportsthatwhilepricesforbiodegradablealternativestostrawsandbagsaremoreexpensive,thebanhasseenthemarketshareforbio-plasticsincreasetoanexpected$7.3billionin2005,andafurtherdoublingto$13.9billionby2030,suggestingthecostwillrapidlydecreaseasmorecompaniesenterthemarketwithnewtechnologies.(一家中国新闻机构报道称尽管吸管和塑料袋的可降解替代品的价格更加昂贵，但该禁令使得生物塑料的市场份额在2025年预计将增长到73亿美元，到2030年将再翻一番，达到139亿美元。这表明，随着更多公司使用新技术进入市场，成本将迅速下降)”可推知，生物可降解的替代品将很有前途。故选B。15.文章来源题。根据第一段“InChina,2022bidfarewelltoaseriesoffireworksandthescratchingoffof200millionmetrictonsofplasticstrawsfromthenation’spollutionstocks.(在中国，2022年告别了一系列烟花，并从国家的污染库存中刮掉了2亿吨塑料吸管。)”说明了中国实施一项关于塑料吸管和一次性购物袋的禁令，旨在减少塑料污染。文章介绍了这一禁令实施背后的原因以及所带来的影响。可推知，文章可能选自报纸的“环境”版面。故选D。【答案】16.G17.D18.A19.C20.F【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了园艺中令人烦恼的杂草问题，提出可以用自然的方法替代除草剂来除草。16.前文“Gardensaresomeofthemostbeautifulplacesonearth.Thesadrealityofgardeningisthatweedscompetewiththeplantsyouwantandtakeawayfromtheirbeauty.(花园是地球上最美丽的地方之一。园艺的悲哀现实是，杂草与你想要的植物竞争，夺去了它们的美丽。)”引入园艺中的杂草问题，后文“Mostpeopletrytofindaquickandeasysolutiontotheproblemofweedsbyusingchemicalweedkillers,knownasherbicides.(大多数人试图通过使用化学除草剂来找到一个快速简单的解决杂草问题的方法。)”说明用化学除草剂解决杂草问题的方法，G项“Asaresult,weedcontrolseemstobeanever-endingpartofsustainingthebeautyofagarden.(因此，杂草控制似乎是维持花园美丽的一个永无止境的部分。)”符合语境，说明杂草控制对于维持花园美丽的必然性，承接前文杂草问题的结果，引出后文的解决方法。故选G。17.前文“Actuallyusingchem