高一必修一英语第四单元重点总结及练习(含答案)

Unit

4

Earthquakes

重点词汇及短语

1.burst

into

+n

=burst

out

doing

突然

·····

起来，

burst

into

tears

=burst

out

crying2.as

is

known

to

everybody总所周知3.be

injured

受伤

4.cut

across穿过

横穿

5.as

usual像往常一样

6.give

out散发出

精疲力竭

7.instead

of

代替

8.give

a

speech演讲9.put

up

shelters搭建避难10.be

pleased

to

do

sth.乐意做某事11.be

proud

of

以

·····

而自豪

12.the

number

of

·····

的数量13.in

the

open

air

在户外

14.right

away立刻

15.in

ruins破败不堪

成废墟16.dig

out掘出

17.at

an

end

终结

18.a

number

of

许多

大量的

19.too·····

to·····太·····

而不能

20.tens

of

thousands

of

成千上万的21.be

trapped

in

=be

caught

in

被困在·····中22.all

·····

not·····

=

not

all·····

并非所有·····都

23.to

the

north

of

=north

of

在·····的北面

24.be

rescued

from

被从·····解救出

25.be

buried

被埋葬

被埋藏

26.bury

oneself

in

=be

buried

in

专心于

埋头于

27.think

little

of

评价不高

think

highly

of

赞许

给予较高评

28.as

if

仿佛

20.

be/

get

shocked

震惊

21.at

an

end

终结

1)

right

away

立刻，马上

(=

immediately

/

at

once

/

right

now

/

in

no

time

)

你必须马上交作业。

You

must

hand

in

your

homework

right

away.

2)

well

n.

井

adv.

好；充分地

e.g.

think

well

充分思考

Learn

it

well.

好好地学。

adj.

健康的

You

don’t

look

well.

你看上去气色不太好。

int.

好啦；好吧

vi./vt.

涌出；涌上

Tears

welled

up

in

her

eyes.

泪水涌上她的双眼。

3)

million

n.

百万

具体数字

+

million

(单)

+

n.

...百万

(确数)

millions

of

+

n.

大量，无数，好几百万

(概数)

(用法同billion,

hundred,

thousand等)

3百万美元

3

million

dollars

好几百万美元

millions

of

dollars

4)

burst

vi./vt.

(burst,

burst)

（使）爆裂；(使）破裂；（使）爆发

e.g.

The

balloon

burst.

汽球爆破了。

He

burst

with

anger.

他勃然大怒。

The

boy

burst

the

balloon.

那男孩把气球弄破了

burst

into

sth./

burst

out

doing

sth.

突然...起来e.g.

She

burst

into

tears/

laughter.

=

She

burst

out

crying/

laughing.

她突然哭/笑起来。

c.n.

突然破裂；爆发

a

burst

of

...

一阵...

e.g.

a

burst

of

laughter/anger

一阵笑声/大怒

5)

as

if

仿佛；好像

=

as

though

(引导表语、状语从句)

(1)

+

陈述语气

(从句可能性大)

It

looks

as

if

it

is

going

to

rain.

看起来好像要下雨了。

(2)

+

虚拟语气

(从句内容非真实的)

She

treats

me

as

if

I

were

her

sister.

她待我就像我是她姐妹一样。

He

turned

around

as

if

he

hadn’t

seen

me.

他转过身，好像没看见我。

6)

at

an

end

结束；终结

(=

finished

over)

e.g.

The

war

was

at

an

end.

战争结束了。

相关短语：

in

the

end

终于；最后at

the

end

of…

在……的尽头

by

the

end

of

…

到„„底（末）为止

come

to

an

end

结束

（物作主语,

不及物）

put

an

end

to

sth.

终止…

（人作主语,

及物）

e.g.

The

meeting

came

to

an

end.

会议结束了。

The

chairman

put

an

end

to

the

meeting.

主席结束了会议。

7)

ruin

c.n.

废墟;

遗迹

(常用复数)

e.g.

the

ruins

of

Yuanmingyuan

圆明园遗迹

u.n.

毁坏；破坏；破产

e.g.

The

company

is

facing

ruin.

那公司面临破产。

vt.

毁灭；使破产

e.g.

The

fire

ruined

the

house.

火把房子烧毁了。

The

bad

news

ruined

his

hope.

这个坏消息毁灭了他的希望。

in

ruins

严重受损；破败不堪；成为废墟；落空

e.g.

The

earthquake

left

the

city

of

Tangshan

in

ruins.

地震使得唐山这座城市成了一片废墟。

e.g.

Judging

from

his

response,

he

was

satisfied

with

the

performance.

从他的反应看来，他对这场演出是满意的。

Judging

by

his

accent,

he

must

be

from

the

U.S.A.

从他口音判断，他一定来自美国。

judgement

c.n.

判断；判决

u.n.

判断力；识别力

16)

express

vt.

表示；表达

express

one’s

opinion/

idea/

attitude/

meaning/…

表达某人的意见/想法/态度/意思等

express

oneself

表达自己的意思

Try

to

express

yourself

clearly.

尽力把你的意思表达清楚吧。

n.

快车；速递

expression

n.

表达；表情；表达法

重点句子分析1)But

the

one

million

people

of

the

city,

who

thought

little

of

these

events,

were

asleep

as

usual

that

night.

(Reading)

think

little/poorly/badly/ill

of

sb./sth.

对某人/物评价不高、不好、不看重

think

a

lot/

highly/well

of

sb./sth.

对某人/物评价很高、很好、很看重

e.g.

他不看重钱。

He

thinks

little

of

money.

读者们对她的书评价很高。

The

readers

think

highly

of

her

book.

被动：Her

book

is

highly

thought

of

by

the

readers.

2)Two-thirds

of

them

died

or

were

injured

during

the

earthquake.三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。

(Reading)

分数的表达法，分子用基数词(one,

two,

…),

分母用序数词(first,

second,

…),

当分子大于1时，分母的序数词要用复数形式，如,

1/5为one-fifth,

4/5为four-fifths。

“当分数/百分数＋of

＋名词/代词”作主语时，谓语的单复数由of

后的名词/代词决定。

e.g.

About

three-fifths

of

the

earth’s

surface

is

covered

with

water.

(be)

Ten

percent

of

the

students

are

from

China.

(be)

3)

A

huge

crack

that

was

eight

kilometres

long

and

thirty

mitres

wide

cut

across

houses,

roads

and

canals.

(Reading)

cut

across

(1)

走捷径，穿过去

如果穿过这片地，我们可节省时间。

We

can

save

time

if

we

cut

across

this

field.

(2)

和...

相反，

违反

他的讲话和他以前说的相反。His

speech

cut

across

what

he

had

said

before.4)In

fifteen

terrible

seconds

a

large

city

lay

in

ruins.

(Reading)

lie

(1)说谎

(lied,

lied)

(2)位于，在于

(3)躺着

(4)处于某种状态

(lay,

lain)

lie

“出于某种状态”

+

adj.

/

介词短语

e.g.

战争过后，这村庄成了一片废墟。

The

village

lay

in

ruins

after

the

war.

书打开在桌子上。

The

book

lay

open

on

the

table.

5)Everywhere

they

looked

nearly

everything

was

destroyed.

他们所看到的地方几乎一切都被摧毁了。

everywhere

(1)

adv.

到处，处处

You

can

see

flowers

everywhere.

你到处可看到鲜花。

(2)

conj.

无论哪里

(=

wherever)

无论你走到哪里，都能看到鲜花。

You

can

see

flowers

everywhere

you

go.

(3)

n.

到处，处处

Everywhere

seems

to

be

quiet.

6)

All

hope

was

not

lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。到处好像很安静。

all,

both,

each,

every等词与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都,

不全是”的意思。no,

none,

never等词用于全部否定。

e.g.

All

that

glitters

is

not

gold.

闪光的不都是金子。

All

the

students

didn’t

pass

the

exam.

=Not

all

the

students

passed

the

exam.

不是所有学生都通过考试。(有的学生通过了考试，有的没有通过。)None

of

the

students

passed

the

exam.

没有一个学生通过考试。16、大量的

⑴修饰不可数名次

a

great

/

good

deal

/

a

large

amount

of

/

much

⑵修饰可数名次

many

/

a

number

of

/

a

great(good)

many

⑶即可修饰可数名次也可修饰不可数名次

plenty

of

/

a

lot

of

/

lots

of

/

a

large

quantity

of

/

quantities

of

/

a

mass

of

/

masses

of

即时活用：

1、I

spent

_______

of

my

time

in

this

work.

A.

a

plenty

B.

a

good

many

C.

a

good

deal

D.

great

deal

答案：C

2、–How

many

books

does

he

have?

He

possesses

________them.

A.

plenty

of

B.

very

much

C.

a

great

deal

D.

an

amount

of

答案：Dprotect

vt.

保护

用法归纳：

（1）protect

sth.

To

protect

the

environment,

we

should

drive

less.

为了保护环境，我们应该少开车。

（2）protect

sth.

/

sb.

from

+

n.

You

should

wear

a

pair

of

dark

glasses

to

protect

your

eyes

from

the

snow.

下雪天你应该戴副墨镜保护你的眼睛。

（3）protect

sb.

/

sth.

from

doing

Ge

You

speaks

carefully

in

public

to

protect

himself

from

being

hurt.

葛优在公共场合说话很小心，保护自己不被伤害。

（4）protect

A

against

B

The

tree

belts

can

protect

this

area

against

shifting

sand.

护林带能保护这个地区不受流沙的侵害。

即时活用：

1、He

raised

both

his

arms

to

protect

his

face

______

the

ball.

A.

from

B.

for

C.

with

D.

to

答案：A2.At

the

meeting,

we

reached

a

conclusion

that

we

should

do

what

we

could

______

the

Yellow

River

from

being

further

polluted.

A.

to

protect

B.

protecting

C.

protect

D.

protected

答案：A

3.You’d

better

wear

your

sunglasses

to

protect

your

eyes

______

the

sun.

A.

from

B.

with

C.

in

D.

under

答案：A

4.As

you

know,

it

is

my

duty

to

________

my

younger

sisters

from

being

hurt

when

they

are

in

danger.

A.

prevent

B.

save

C.

stop

D.

protect

答案：D

1.

—Peter

was

killed

in

the

earthquake!

—_____

I

talked

with

him

last

week.

A.

What

a

pity!

B.

I

beg

your

pardon.

C.

Sorry

to

hear

that.

D.

Is

that

so?

2.

We’ll

not

attend

the

meeting

_____

we

are

invited.

A.

if

B.

and

C.

unless

D.

once

3.

—They

didn’t

attend

the

conference.

—They

_____

a

long

trip

abroad.

A.

prepared

B.

were

preparing

for

C.

were

preparing

D.

are

preparing

for

4.

Wash

your

hands

with

soap

_____

the

experiment.

A.

in

the

end

of

B.

at

the

end

of

C.

to

the

end

of

D.

by

the

end

of

5.

His

strength

had

almost

_____

when

they

found

him

in

the

desert.

A.

given

out

B.

given

in

C.

given

up

D.

given

off

6.

Many

people

came

to

the

meeting,

_____

of

whom

left

early.

A.

number

B.

the

numbers

C.

the

number

D.

a

number

7.

I’ll

spend

my

holiday

in

Shanghai,

_____

lies

on

the

coast.

A.

who

B.

which

C.

where

D.

that

8.

On

_____

the

bad

news,

she

cried

with

her

face

_____

in

his

hands.

A.

hear;

bury

B.

hear;

buried

C.

heard;

burying

D.

hearing;

buried

9.

Not

far

from

the

club,

there

was

a

garden,

_____

owner

was

seated

in

it

playing

cards

with

his

children

every

afternoon.A.

its

B.

whose

C.

which

D.

of

which

10.

It’s

quite

_____

to

score

a

goal

in

FIFA

World

Cup.

A.

a

prize

B.

a

price

C.

an

honour

D.

a

value

11.

I

met

the

teacher

in

the

street

yesterday

___

taught

me

English

three

years

ago

A.

which

B.

when

C.

where

D.

who

12.

The

people

there

were

greatly

_____

to

see

every-thing

changed

over

a

night.

A.

pleased

B.

shocked

C.

interested

D.

moved

13.

Tell

us

about

the

people

and

the

places

_____

are

different

from

ours.

A.

that

B.

who

C.

which

D.

whom

14.

_____

is

no

wonder

the

building

is

_____.

A.

It;

in

ruins

B.

That;

in

ruins

C.

This;

in

ruin

D

It;

in

ruin

15.

—Do

you

mind

if

I

open

the

window?

—_____,

but

I’ve

caught

a

bad

cold

today.

A.

No,

not

at

all

B.

Yes,

of

course

not

C.

Yes,

please

D.

I’m

sorryPablo

Ruiz

Picasso

was

the

favourite

child

of

his

family.

He

was

the

only

boy

among

a

great

many

girl

cousins.

That

was

enough

to

make

him

important,

but

the

father

loved

him

especially,

because

he

knew

his

son

was

going

to

be

an

artist.

Pablo

knew

the

word

for

pencil

even

before

he

could

see

Mamma

and

Papa.

When

he

was

small,

he

spent

hours

by

himself

making

delightful

little

drawings

of

animals

and

people.

If

his

mother

sent

him

out

to

play

in

the

square,

he

went

on

drawing

in

the

dust

under

the

trees.

Don

Jose

Ruiz,

Pablo’s

father,

was

director

of

the

museum

in

southern

Spain.

He

earned

only

a

small

salary,

but

there

was

not

much

work

to

do

and

he

was

able

to

practice

his

hobby,

which

was

painting

pigeons.

Don

loved

pigeons

very

much.

He

painted

them

dead

or

alive

in

ones

and

twos

and

in

dozens.

Sometimes

he

painted

them

on

paper,

cut

them

out

and

stuck

them

onto

canvas

(画布);

sometimes

he

stuck

real

feathers

onto

his

pictures.

He

knew

a

great

deal

about

the

technique

of

painting

and

he

taught

it

all

to

Pablo.

Life

in

Malaga

was

very

pleasant.

In

the

hot

sunshine

father

and

son

would

walk

down

to

the

beach

to

look

at

the

boats

on

the

shore

or

wander

around

the

open

markets.

They

made

a

strange

pair.

Don

was

tall

and

thin,

with

red

hair

and

beard,

sad

gray

eyes

and

a

fine

set

of

whiskers

(腮须).

He

was

so

shy

and

correct

that

he

was

nicknamed

“the

Englishman”.

Pablo

was

quite

the

opposite.

He

had

his

mother’s

small,

strong

b