02语法四六级现场版

从介词开始到其后跟的名词结束从介词开始到动名词结束prep+从介词开始到动名词的宾语结束prep+ng+宾动名词（ng）+宾语，然后再给动词匹配主语（主句的主语在谓语之前找；从句的主语在连词和与之匹配的谓语动词中间找，如果它们中间没有任何词语，那么连词本例如：Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnotpreviously thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.That（限定词）bookisinteresting。That（指代词）ismybook。

ng

在谓语动词：Thegirllovesthe在介词:介

名词：Hereadsa代词：Iloveyou.证明是prove)

名词：Iamateacher.Youare代词：thebookismine.Thegirlisyours.Youaremine.

情况一：单个的词作定语放在被修饰名词前（例外：单个的词修饰不定代词放在不定代词aprettygirl;aninterestingbook;amissingboy;(somethingimportant校园中的学生：studentsoncampus；负责这件事情的人themanresponsibleforthematter一本被的书：apublishedbook；一本于英国的书：abookpublishedin

对主语进行补充说明，即主语补足语（很多时候主语补足语是宾语补足语变形成的

YoucancallmeVivian.（Iamcallsbsth——把sb叫做sth sth1+从句(宾语)sth2(宾补)—— sth1+从句(宾语)（宾语和宾语补足语的位置交换 adj——使sb/sth变得adj adj——发现sb/stb是adjkeepsb/sth adj——使sb/sth保持adjhavesb/sth adj——使sb/sth变得adjconsidersb/sthadj——认为sb/sth是adjHe(主语asked(谓语me(宾语tohelphim(宾补asksbtodosthencouragesbtodosthexpectsbtodosthteachsbtodosthsendsbtodosthI(主语)saw(谓语)him(宾语)watchin(宾补)(heiswatchinShe(主语had(谓语herclothes(宾语washed(宾补(她使衣服被洗了。衣服被洗了)Havesthdone——使sth被做We(主语consider(谓语thisaward(宾语asagreathonor(宾补Considersth1as)adjsth1adj(sth1isadj)ThinkofWeconsiderthisawardasagreathonor.(语态Thisaward(主语isconsidered(谓语asagreathonor(主语补足语byus.(状语I(主语give(谓语you(直接宾语abook(间接宾语).You(主语)aregiven(谓语)abook(保留宾语).位置：在词

I(主语)love(谓语)you(宾语，词)，mywife(同位语)（Youaremywife） They(主语)leave(谓语)inahurry(状语 She(主语)often(状语)reads(谓语)books(宾语)aboutmusic(定语 Thefootball(主语)is(系动词)underthedesk(表语). Consider(谓语)sth1(宾语)assth2(宾补) Fromthelibrarytotheteachingbuilding(主语)is(系动词)afiveminuteswalk（表语）. Everypart(部分、零件)ofthepowernt（定语）,fromagiantgeneratordowntothesmallestscrew（同位语）,hadbeen He(主语)spent(谓语)fromnotwelve(宾语)inwritingthepassage(状语).from……to……作及物动词spend的宾语，这是语义的需求不是语法的规定。He(主语)spent(谓语)threehours(宾语)，fromnotwelve(同位语)，inwritingthepassage(状语人（主语）+spend（谓语）+时间/金钱（宾语）+inngsth（状语）人（主语）+spend（谓语）+时间/金钱（宾语）+onsth（状语） Sheisadoctorfromamongthenurses(nurses作among的介词宾语)介词短语amongthenurses作介词from的介宾 values(V2)(e.gcompetenceandambitionareexpected(V谓<tobe>(主补inhighdemandandshortsupply>(表语onthejobmarket>(状语<Insucheconomies>(状语),individuals(主语)who(连1、主1)possess(V1)thehumancapitalcharacteristics(宾语1)that(连2、宾2)employersors(主2)values(V2)(e.g.,competenceandambition)areexpected(V谓)<tobeinhighdemandandshortsupply>(主补)<onthejobmarket>(状语).expect(谓语sb宾语)todosth(宾补Sb(主语beexpected(谓语todosth(主补2.Allresearches(主)agree(V谓)that(1)closeto25billiondevices,thingsandsensors1)willbeconnected(V1)<by2020>(1)which22)ally(2is(V2)also(2)themoment(2)that(3)Millennials（千禧一代）(3)areexpected(V3)<tomakeup75percent>(3)<ofourwork>(定语3),and(连4)thefully(状4)connected(定4)home(主4)willbecome(V4)areality(表4)<forlargenumbersofpeople>(状4)worldwide(状 【参考译文】所有的研究都认为，到2020年，将近有250亿个设备、物品和传感器互联，顺便说一下，在这一年千禧一代预计会占据 总力的75%，并例3.However(状),this(主)is(V谓)just(状)thetip(表)<oftheproverbialiceberg>(定)as(连1)smartbuildingsandevencities(主1) thenorm(表1)as(连2)leadersandbusinessowners(主2)begin(V2)<towakeuptothemassivesavings>(宾2)that(连3、宾3)technology(主3)can<throughconnectedsensorsandnewforms>(定3)<ofautomation>(定3)<coupledwith ligentenergyandfacilitiesmanagement>(定BeginBegintodosth（动词不定式结构作宾语）= Coupledwith与……相结合从句1：状从句从句3：定语从句（prep：a2、作连词（conj：引导非限定性定语从句，修饰整个主句。as 例4.Onlinesecuritycameras,in ligentlightingandawealthofsensors(主)that(连1、主1)control(V1)bothtemperatureandairquality(宾1)areoffering(V谓)anunprecedentedlevel(宾)<ofcontrol,efficiency,andimprovements>(定)<towhat(连2、主2)wereonceclassed(V2)necessarycosts(主补2)[whenrunningaOffersb(间宾sth(直宾)=offersth(宾tosb(保留宾语Class(谓语)sth1(宾语)assth2(宾补) 把sth1归类为sth2Sth1(主语)beclassed(谓语)assth2(主补)awealthof5.Thebiggestandmostexciting(定)challenge(主)<ofthistechnology>(定)is(V谓)<howtocreativelyleveragethisever-growingamount(ofdata表)<todelivercostsavings,improvementsandtangiblebenefits>(目的状语)<tobothbusinessesandcitizens>(保留宾语)<ofthesesmartcities>(定).))deliver(谓sth(宾tosb(保留宾语6.Andwhile(1)thePortuguese(1)tookpartin(V1)thetrade(宾ferryingnutsdownthecoast>(1)<alongwithothergoods>(1),<by1620>(1),when(2)Englishexplorer(2)RichardJobson2)made(V2)hisway宾)<uptheGambia2),thenuts(主)were(V谓)stillpeculiar(表)<tohis从句1：时间状语从句。 while引导时间状语从句：while译为“当……时候 while引导让步状语从句：while译为“虽然/尽管……但是” while引导比对状语从句：while译为“然而、而” Vi+when从句：when引导时间状语从句 Vt+when从句：when引导宾语从句，when译为“什么时候/何时 Vbe+when从句：when引导表语从句，when译为“什么时候/何时【参考译文】于是葡萄牙人加入其贸易，将这种果实和其他商品一起海岸线运出，但直到1620年英国探险家德·森来到赞比亚时，可乐果在他看例7.<Withtherise>(状)<ofanewconcept>(定)<inurbannning>(定)that(连1、主1)aims(V1)<tomakelifeeasierandmoreconvenient>(宾1),however(状),reasingpopularity(主<forurbanareas>(定that(22)caused(V2)therealestatepushes(2inmajorcities>(2likeSanFranciscoorNewYork>(位语2),hasinspired(V谓)atypeofforwardthinkingurbanityand(宾)<insmallercities>(定))+sothat( orporate(V1)modernhousingandimprovedwalkability(宾1)<tolocalrestaurants,sothat(entertainment1)especially(1)whencombinedwithimprovedinfrastructure1)<forcyclistsandpublictransit1makes(V谓)them宾)appeal(宾补)<toamoreaffluentdemographic>(状).9.{Access<tofoottraffic>(定)andproximity<totransit>()}(主)allow(V谓)thetypeofentertainment-orientedbusinesses(宾)<suchasbarsandrestaurants>(同位语)<tostayopenlater>(宾补),which11)attracts(V1)bothyounger,creativeworkersandbabyboomers1)<nearingretirementalike>(1).AccessandproximityAllow(Allow(谓语sb/sth(宾todosth(宾补例10.The ernment(主)is(V谓)<tobanpayments>(表)<towitnesses>(定)<bynewspapers>(定)<seekingtobuyuppeople>(定)<involvedinprominentcases>(定)<suchasthetrial>(同位语)<ofRosemaryWest>(定).例11.Beethoven’shabitof reasingthevolumewithanextremeintensityandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassagewasonlyrarelyusedbycomposersbeforehim.Itseemstobealawinthetechnologyindustrythatleadingcompanieseventuallylosetheirposition,oftenquicklyandbrutally.phonechampionNokia,oneofEurope'sbiggesttechnologysuccessstories,wasno36,losingitsmarketshareinjustafewyears.In2007,Nokiaaccountedformorethan40%ofphonesales37.Butconsumers'preferenceswerealready38towardtouch-screensmartphone.WiththeintroductionofApple'sinthemiddleofthatyear,Nokia'smarketshare39rapidlyandrevenueplunged.Byof2013,Nokiahadsolditsphonebusinessto.WhatsealedNokia'sfatewasaseriesofdecisionsmadebyStephenElopinhispositionasCEO,whichhe40inOctober2010.EachdaythaopspenthargeofNokia,the 'smarketvaluedeclinedby$23million,makinghim,bythenumbers,oneoftheworst