2024届高考英语一轮总复习必修第一册Unit4NaturalDisasters单元主题训练

PAGEUNIT4单元主题训练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2023·德阳二模)AfterbeingattackedbyHurricaneIda's150mphwindsandtorrentialrains,hundredsofthousandsofGulfCoastresidentswereleftwithoutpowerandfreshwaterthisweekasa100­degreeheatwavesettledovertheregion.IdasmashedintoLouisianaasaCategory4hurricane,rippingoffroofs,knockingouttransmissionlines,floodingroads,andreducingsomebrickbuildingsindowntownNewOrleanstorubble.Atleasteightpeoplediedinthestormandthe_tollisexpectedtoriseasemergencyworkerssearchwreckedhomesandbusinesses.OneofthemostpowerfulhurricanestoeverhittheUSmainland,Idabroughta5to12­footstormsurgethatcoveredlow­lyingcommunitiesinsoutheasternLouisiana.GrandIsleisnow“uninhabitable”，saidParishPresidentCynthiaLeeSheng,with3feetofsandcoveringtheentirebarrierislandand40percentofthebuildingscompletelydestroyed.ThestormcausedacitywideblackoutinNewOrleans,butaHurricaneKatrina­leveldisasterwasavoidedthere,thanksinparttotheD|S14.5billionspentonnewlevees,seawalls,andpumpsafterthe2005storm.ExpertsarewarningthatIdacouldworsentheCovidcrisisintheGulfCoast,asresidentscrowdtogetherinhomesandemergencyshelterswithoutimmediateaccesstotestingormedicalcare.ICUsinLouisiana,Mississippi,andAlabamahospitalswerealreadynearcapacitybeforethestormhit.Nearly1millionpeoplearestillwithoutpoweracrossLouisiana,andauthoritieswarneditcouldbeweeksbeforeelectricityisrestored.“Ifyouhavealreadyevacuated，”saidGov.JohnBelEdwards,“donotreturnhere.”语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了飓风艾达给墨西哥湾沿岸居民造成的破坏，以及人们灾后重建的情况。1．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHurricaneIda?A．Mild. B．Destructive.C．Uncontrollable. D．Impressive.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段中“IdasmashedintoLouisianaasaCategory4hurricane...asemergencyworkerssearchwreckedhomesandbusinesses.”可推知，飓风艾达极具破坏性。故选B。2．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thetoll”meaninParagraph1?A．Thedeathnumber. B．Theheatwave.C．Thewindspeed. D．Thecitywideblackout.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Atleasteightpeoplediedinthestorm”以及后文“isexpectedtoriseasemergencyworkerssearchwreckedhomesandbusinesses”可知，至少有8人在风暴中死亡，且随着紧急救援人员搜索被毁的房屋和企业，预计死亡人数还会上升。画线词意思是“死亡人数”。故选A。3．WhatisoneofthereasonsforGrandIsletobeuninhabitable?A．Theentireislandiscoveredwithsand.B．Itisoneofthelow­lyingcommunities.C．Theresidentstherecan'twaittoleave.D．Overhalfofitsbuildingswereinruins.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中“GrandIsleisnow‘uninhabitable，’saidParishPresidentCynthia...completelydestroyed.”可知，这个地方不适合居住的原因之一是整个岛被沙子覆盖了。故选A。4．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheattitudeofGov.JohnBelEdwardstowardstheprospectofLouisiana?A．Ambitious. B．Undoubted.C．Indifferent. D．Unconfident.解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘Ifyouhavealreadyevacuated，’saidGov.JohnBelEdwards，‘donotreturnhere.’”可推知，JohnBelEdwards州长对路易斯安那州的前景持不自信的态度。故选D。B(2023·石家庄模拟)Themomentthegroundstopsshakingafteranearthquake,somepeoplemaywonderwhethertheirpets—orwildanimalsforthatmatter—knewthedisasterwascoming.Togettothebottomofthisquestion,HeikoWoith,ascientistattheGermanResearchCentreforGeosciences,andhiscolleaguesevaluatedmorethan700publishedreportsofunusualbehavioramong130species,includinginsects,birds,fish,cats,dogsandcattlefrom160earthquakes.Therecordsincludedallkindsofbehaviors,includingatigerthatreportedlygotdepressedbeforeanearthquake.Theresearchersfoundthat90percentofallreportedcaseshappenedwithin62milesoftheepicenter(震中)andwithin60daysofanearthquake.Then,theyexaminedwhenandwhereforeshockshadhappenedintheregionandconcludedthatitwashardtosaytheseanimalscouldpredicttheearthquakeitself.Theywerejustrespondingtoforeshocks.“Thespace­timepatternofanimalprecursors(预兆)andforeshocksisstrikinglysimilar，”Woithsaid.“Fromthis,weconcludedthattheabnormalanimalbehaviormightsimplyberelatedtoforeshocks.Theseanimalsarejustrespondingtoforeshocksratherthanpredictingtheearthquake.Theydon'thavesuperpower.”Despitethevastnumberofincidences,goodinformationwaslittleandscientificevidenceislacking.“Amajorsurpriseforuswasthatthelargemajorityofthepublishedclaimswerebuiltonpoorobservationaldata,whichdidnotstandasstatisticalscientificproof，”Woithsaid.Tobetterstudywhetheranimalscanpredictearthquakes,Woithandhiscolleaguessuggestedthatresearchersaskanumberofyes­or­noquestionsinanyupcomingexperiments,including“Istheexperimentalsetupandmonitoringprocedureclearlydescribedandreproducible？”and“Isitproventhattheanimalbehaviorisreallyunusual？”Meanwhile,humansareworkingontechnologiesthatcandetectearthquakessecondsbeforetheyhit.Hopefully,wewillhavesuchdevicestowarnpeoplethattheearthquakeiscoming.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。尽管每次地震过后总有动物异常行为的报道，然而动物能够预测地震这种结论缺乏科学依据。动物的异常行为只能说明对前震有所反应，并不能说明它们可以预测地震。5．HowdidWoithconductthestudy?A．Byanalyzingformerreports.B．Byobservinganimals'behavior.C．Bycollectingdataintheearthquake.D．Bycomparinganimals'differentresponses.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Woith评估了很多动物异常行为的报告，从而去指导研究。故选A。6．WhatisWoith'snewfinding?A．Tigersbecomedepressedeasily.B．Certainanimalshavesuperpower.C．Someanimalscanreacttoforeshocks.D．Animalsinthesameareaactsimilarly.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段内容和第四段中“From...theearthquake.Theydon'thavesuperpower.”可知，并没有足够的证据说明动物能够预测地震，但是它们会对前震有反应。故选C项。7．Whatsurprisedthescientistsinthestudy?A．Allreportedcasestookplaceinthesamearea.B．Thereweretoomanyreportsaboutforeshocks.C．Someanimalsactstrangelybeforeearthquakes.D．Thepreviousreportslackaccuratedatasupport.解析：选D细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Amajorsurprise...scientificproof”可知，之前的观点大多都是建立在观察数据基础之上的，不能作为科学证据。故选D项。8．Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?A．Howanimalsbehaveinearthquakes.B．Whetheranimalscanpredictearthquakes.C．Whatisthelinkbetweenanimalsandearthquakes.D．Whypeoplestudyanimals'behaviorinearthquakes.解析：B主旨大意题。根据第一段和最后一段内容可知，文章在讨论动物是否具有预测地震的超能力。故选B项。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Apowerfulmagnitude7.1temblorrockedSouthernCaliforniaonJuly5,2019,just34hoursafteramagnitude6.4earthquakehitthesamearea.Thislatesteventwaswidelyfelt.__9__Aftershocksareexpectedtocontinue.Earthquakesarealsocalledtemblors.__10__It'shardtoimaginetheyhappenbythethousandseverydayaroundtheworld,usuallyintheformofsmalltremors.Some80%ofalltheplanet'searthquakeshappenalongtherim(边缘)ofthePacificOcean.__11__Thatisbecauseofalotofvolcanicactivitythere,aswell.Scientistsgiveamagnituderatingtoearthquakesbasedonthestrengthanddurationoftheirseismic(地震的)waves.Amagnitudeof3to4.9isconsideredminororlight;5to6.9ismoderate(中等的)tostrong;7to7.9ismajor;and8ormoreisgreat.__12__Some10,000peopledieinearthquakeseveryyear.Earthquakesmayalsoleadtoothernaturaldisasters.Smallertemblorsthatusuallyhappeninthedaysfollowingalargeearthquakecancausefurtherdeathanddamage.__13__A．Itiscalledthe“RingofFire”．B．Theycancausehugedamage.C．Protectyourselfasquicklyaspossible.D．Infact,amagnitude8quakestrikessomewhereeveryyear.E．Lossoflifecanbeavoidedthroughplanningandeducation.F．Oneimportantwayistotrytomakeyourhomeassafeaspossible.G．ItcausedseveralfiresanddamagetobuildingsandroadsinRidgecrestandnearby.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章以2019年发生在加利福尼亚州的地震为例介绍了地震的相关知识。9．选G上文中提到加利福尼亚州发生了7.1级地震，G项指出了此次地震所造成的结果，其中的It指代上文中的“Apowerfulmagnitude7.1temblor”。10．选BB项中的They指代上文中的Earthquakes，B项中的“causehugedamage”与下文中的“It'shardtoimaginetheyhappen”语义上形成连贯，指出地震的危害。11．选A下文中的“alotofvolcanicactivitythere”解释了A项中“RingofFire”——环太平洋火山带的含义。12．选DD项承接上文中的“8ormoreisgreat”，与下文中的“Some10,000peopledieinearthquakeseveryyear”之间是并列关系，指出了全球每年地震发生的概况。13．选E上句提到大地震之后发生的震级较小的地震会造成进一步的死亡与损失。E项指出了避免造成这一损失的方法与措施。Ⅲ.完形填空Everyfamilyshouldhaveanemergencykitintheirhome.Ifthereisanearthquakeorahurricane,forexample,therecouldbea__14__cut,orthewatercouldgetpolluted.Youmightbe__15__atyourhomeforseveraldaysbecauseofastormoraflood.Havinganemergencykit__16__couldhelpifanythinglikethis__17__.Youremergencykitmightincludethefollowing__18__：Thefirstaidkitshouldincludealcohol,cottonwool,bandages,painkillers,cleanbottledwaterandburnointment.Itis__19__tokeepnon­perishable(不易腐坏的)foodsupplies.Inotherwords,foodthatwon'tspoil(变质)outofthefridge，suchascannedfood.Thereshouldbe__20__foodforthreedays.Itisbetterifthefooddoesnothavetobecooked.Don't__21__thecanopener!It'sagood__22__foreachfamilymembertohavea__23__changeofclothes,includingwaterproofshoesandaraincoat,aswellassomewarmblanketsincaseyouhaveto__24__outdoors,justasifyouwerecamping!Otherthingsyoucan__25__thekitare:flashlightandsparebatteries,paperandpencils,mobileradio,matchesandcandles.Don'tforgetthesethingsneedtobecheckedregularlytobesurethatthey__26__well.Checktheexpiry(期满)__27__onanycannedfood.Youcanalsoputinabackpacksomeofthethingsthatare__28__toyou,suchasatoyorsomethingelsethatyoucareabout.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了准备应急包的重要性以及应急包里应该放置哪些东西。14．A.paper B．priceC．knife D．power解析：选D设空处与下文中的“thewatercouldgetpolluted”应该是发生地震或者飓风之后可能会出现的结果。只有apowercut(断电)符合语境。15．A.relaxed B．aloneC．stuck D．free解析：选C由下文中的“atyourhome”可知，你受灾不得不困在家里好几天。stuck(被困)符合语境，说明是一种无奈之举。16．A.clean B．preparedC．open D．paid解析：选B由本段的中心句“Everyfamilyshouldhaveanemergencykitintheirhome.”以及上文列举的情况可知，这里是说当上述灾难“发生(happens)”时，“准备(prepared)”好应急包的必要性。17．A.happens B．changesC．stops D．chooses解析：选A参见上题解析。18．A.plans B．tipsC．disasters D．supplies解析：选D下文提到的急救药箱、不容易腐坏的食物和备用衣服都是应急包里应该有的东西。故supplies(补给品)符合语境。19．A.unspeakable B．reusableC．advisable D．admirable解析：选C由上文中的“Youremergencykitmightinclude”可知，不易腐坏的食物是作者认为需要放在应急包里的东西。故advisable(明智的)符合语境。20．A.some B．enoughC．hot D．delicious解析：选B根据常识可知，这里应该指准备好够三天的食物，以备不时之需。21．A.forget B．bringC．try D．buy解析：选A由上文中的“cannedfood”及常识可知，准备罐头食品，自然也要准备开罐器。故这里表示不要忘记准备开罐器。22．A.dream B．excuseC．idea D．chance解析：选C为每个家庭成员准备好这些东西是个不错的主意。23．A.sudden B．dailyC．spare D．real解析：选C根据常识可知，应急包放置的衣服应该是为家人准备好可替换的衣服。故选spare，表示“备用的”。24．A.sleep B．tourC．run D．cook解析：选A由下文中的“asifyouwerecamping”可知，就像野营时一样，毯子的作用是保暖，以在户外休息时御寒。25．A.takein B．getinC．turnin D．putin解析：选D由上文中的“Youremergencykitmightinclude”可知，这里指应急包里还应该放置的其他东西。putin...意为“把……放到……里”。26．A.play B．workC．deliver D．know解析：选B定期检查应急包里所含物品的目的是要确保这些应急的物品能用。work表示“奏效，起作用”。27．A.date B．noticeC．law D．value解析：选A根据常识可知，食物是有保质期的。因此这里指罐装食物包装盒上的有效期。28．A.boring B．importantC．new D．acceptable解析：选B根据常识及下文中的“suchasatoyorsomethingelsethatyoucareabout”可知，放入应急包里的东西应是对你重要的。Ⅳ.语法填空Naturalphenomena(现象)cansometimesstrikeveryhardandcausedisastersifeffectivemeasureshavenotbeentakenorifsomehuman__1__(activity)haveharmedthenaturalenvironment.Forexample,toomuchwaterthatthesoil__2__(be)unabletotakeincancausefloods,whiletoolittlewaterinsomeareascanleadtodrought.Butpeoplecanmakesituations__3__(bad),forexample,whentreesarecutdownandnonewones__4__(plant)．Thismakesthesoilverydry,whichcancreateconditions__5__(high)suitableforsoilbeingblownaway.What'smore,whenraincomes,theremightnotbeenoughrootsandplantcover__6__(make)thesoilsticktogether,andalandslidecantakeplace.Mostwildfiresarecauseddirectlyorindirectly__7__people.Farmers,forexample,sometimesburn__8__(they)fieldstodealwithwildplantsbeforeplanting,andthefirecangetoutofcontrol.Sometimespeoplearecarelesswhensmokingorforgettoputoutcampfireswhentheygocamping.Alittlesparkissometimesallittakestostart__9__fire.Ifwedestroypartsofnaturesuchasforestsandmountainplants,wearedestroyingthenaturalbarriers__10__protectusfromtsunamis,droughts,landslides,floodsandotherdisasters.eq\x(语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了人类与自然灾害之间的关系。)1．activities考查名词复数。根据其后的谓语动词have及语境可知，这里指“一些人类活动”，表示泛指，故填复数形式。2．is考查时态和主谓一致。从句描