2022年高三一轮复习名词性从句

2022年高三一轮复习名词性从句【定义】一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，相当于名词，故称为名词性从句。【四大从句】名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句定义：从句在句中作主语。它可以放在谓语之前，但习惯于用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在后面.引导词：引导主语从句的连词有that，whether，if。连接代词有who，what，which等，连接副词有when，where，how，why等。【完成例句】根据句意选词填空(that,if,whether,why,when,what)(1)_________hewillsucceediscertain.(2)_________hewillgothereisnotknown.(3)_________hesaidisnottrue.(4)_________themeetingwillbeheldhasnotbeendecidedyet.【结论】①that－从句，从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，没有具体意义，不充当句子成分，只起标志性作用，但that不能省略。②whether/if－从句，从句来源于一般疑问句，whether不能省略，意为“是否”，当主语从句放于句首时只能用whether不能用if，当it做形式主语，且放在句末时用whether或if均可.themeetingwillbegivenisstillaproblem.Itisdoubtful___________themeetingwillbegiven.③特殊疑问词－从句，从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，意思为特殊疑问词本来的意思，在从句中充当句子成分。Eg.我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。Itmakesnodifference________weshallhavethemeeting.Ithasn’tbeendecidedyet______willpresideoverthemeeting.从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常用的句型有：①Itbe＋名词词组（nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,afact,commonknowledge）＋that从句Eg.可惜我们不能去。______________________wecan’tgo.我们队赢了比赛，这不足为奇。_____________________________ourteamhaswonthegame.②Itbe＋形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,probable,likely,certain,strange,etc.)＋that从句ｅｇ．她肯定会在考试中考好的。_____________________________shewilldowellinherexam.他可能已经告诉了她一切。_____________________________hetoldhereverything.③Itbe＋不及物动词＋从句Itseemsthat…似乎……eg；Itseemsthatnobodyknewwhathadhppened.Ithappenedthat…碰巧……eg:IthappenedthatIwasfreethatday.Itappearsthat…似乎……eg:Itappearsthathehasatalentformusic.④It＋be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,proved,etc)＋that从句Eg:据说格林先生已经到达了北京。ItissaidthathasarrivedinBeijing.=Mr.Greenissaid__________________________________________.Itissaidthatheiswatchingalivefootballmatchathome.=Heissaid____________________________________________________.Itissaidthatcancerisadeadlydisease.=Cancerissaid_________________________________________________.已经决定把会议推迟到下一周了。____________________________themeetinghasbeenputofftillnextMonday.注意：在口语和非正式文体中，that常可省略，但that从句位于句首时，that不能省略。4.疑难问题：【疑难1】_______________isnoneofmybusiness.(他是谁)【疑难剖析1】任何从句要用陈述句语序，即主谓语序。【疑难2】ThathelikesEnglish____________________________.（为我们大家都知道）Whathesaidatthemeeting______________.（使我伤心）【疑难剖析2】主句时态为过去时，从句时态为过去的某一时态；主句时态为现在时或将来时，从句时态视具体情况而定。【疑难3】That2022AsianGamesaresuccessful_______knowntoall.(is/are)【疑难剖析3】单个句子作主语，视为单数。【疑难4】ItissaidthatChairmanHuwillvisitourschoolnextweek.(√)ThatChairmanHuwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(×)【疑难剖析4】主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：(1).if引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首。(2).Itissaid/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。(3).Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.(√)Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(×)(4).Itdoesn'tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(√)Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn'tmatter.(×)(5).含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening？(√)Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely？(×)【疑难5】what与that在引导主语从句时的区别__________yousaidyesterdayisright.____________sheisstillaliveisaconsolation.【疑难剖析5】what引导主语从句时在从句中充当______、______或______，而that则不充当任何成分。【疑难6】Itisclearthatheknowseverythingaboutthiscrime.(_______从句)Itishethat/whoknowseverythingaboutthecrime.(________从句)【疑难剖析6】it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。二、宾语从句1.定义：在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句是宾语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。2.引导词：引导宾语从句有连接词that，if，whether。that可以省略。连接代词who，whose，what，whoever，whatever，which，连接副词when，where，how，why等。有时也常用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在后面。【完成例句】[]根据句意选词填空(that,if,whether,where,what，who)(1)Iheard_________hejoinedthearmy.(2)①Shedidnotknow________hadhappened.②Iwonder___________youcanchangethisnoteforme.(3)Shetoldme___________shewouldacceptmyinvitation.【结论】①由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略)，that在从句中不充当任何成分。②由what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。③whether(if)引导的宾语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否”。3.疑难问题【疑难1】引导宾语从句时if和whether的区别Iaskedher______________shehadabike.Theydiscussed__________theywillgobackrightnow.We'reworriedabout____________heissafe.Idon'tknow___________ornothewillcome.Idon'tknow____________togo.【疑难剖析1】引导宾语从句时用if和whether都可以，但有只用whether的特殊情况：动词discuss后；介词后；whether与ornot连用时；whethertodo。【疑难2】Iamafraid(that)I'vemadeamistake.【疑难剖析2】作形容词的宾语时，可以省略that。【注意】下列形容词后常跟that引导的从句作宾语：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。(有时也将此类词后的that从句看作原因状语从句。)eg:Iamconvincedthatwhatyousaidisquiteright.Heisquiteconfidentthathewillpasstheexamination.Shewasthankfulthatherlovelydaughter’stemperaturewasnormal.【疑难3】Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.【疑难剖析3】it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾(特别是在带复合宾语的句子中)。【疑难4】Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.(√)Iadmirethattheywonthematch.(×)【疑难剖析4】后边不能直接跟that从句的动词有：allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn（谴责，宣告（某人）有罪，判刑）,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。【疑难5】我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。Idon'tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.【疑难剖析5】否定的转移：若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。表语从句1.定义：表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。2.引导词有：that，whether，asif；连接代词有who，what，which；连接副词where，why，when，how等。【完成例句】根据句意填空(8)Thequestionis_________wecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.(9)Thisis________wecan'tgetthesupportofthepeople.(10)Butthefactremains________wearebehindtheotherclasses.(11)Thereasonheislateforschoolis_______hemissedtheearlybus.【结论1】①完整陈述句充当表语时用that引导，且不可省略；②表“是否”含义时用whether；在表语从句中只能用whether，不能用if.③语义不完整时根据情况选用对应的特殊疑问词，如what，when，where，why等；④两种特殊句型：thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause…等结构。四、同位语从句1.定义：在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句为同位语从句。同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。2.引导词有：that，that在引导同位语从句中一般不能省略。也可用连接副词how，when，where，why等。要注意同位语从句与定语从句的区别，引导定语从句的that是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。而同位语中的that是连接词，仅起连接作用，而不充当任何成分。Thenews_________youtoldmejustnowistrue.(引导___________从句，在从句中做_________,________省略)Thenews_________reachedmejustnowistrue.(引导___________从句，在从句中做_________,________省略)Thenews_________ourteamhaswonthematchistrue.(引导___________从句，在从句中_________成分,________省略)3.引导同位语的名词主要有：idea,news,hope,belief,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,fact,information,problem,decision,advicesuggestion,proposal,order等。Eg:Theking'sdecision______theprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.Theorder________allthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.【结论】同位语从句对名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，不能省略。【疑难1】同位语在句子中的位置HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.Wordcamethatthefamouswriterwouldcometovisitourschool.【疑难剖析1】同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。五、名词性从句的几个难点和what引导名词性从句的区别that和what都可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，区别在于：1．引导名词性从句时，that不在从句中担当任何成分，也无具体意思，只起连接作用；what则能在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语，并保持原疑问词的意义或相当于thething(s)/person/placethat/which等，表示“……事情，……东西”，有时作前置定语，如whathelp，whatfunnystories等。_________youhavedonedoesnotpleasehim.你所做的事并没有让他满意。Myideais_________weshouldgivehimachance.我的想法是我们应该给他一次机会。引导的名词性从句（1）________wehaveseemsbetterthan______wedon’thave.________引导_______从句，=thething(s)that/which意为：所……的事物(2)Iamnot_________Iusedtobe.________引导_______从句，=thepersonthat/who意为：所……的人（3）Ourschoolisnot_______itwas10yearsago.________引导_______从句，=theplacethat/which意为：所……的地方（4）Hespent________littlemoneyhehadonbuyingbooks.________引导_______从句，=themoney/amountthat/which意为：所……的那一点3.that通常不能省略的情况（1）that引导主语从句置于句首时hehaspassedthedrivingtestistrue.（2）当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不能省略Weallknow(that)hecomesfromAmericaandthatheisquiteinterestedinChineseculture.(3)由it作形式宾语时，在that引导的宾语从句中，that不可省略。Weconsideritnecessarythatheshouldimprovehispronunciation.4.wh-ever与nomatterwh-的用法区别wh-ever即可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句；而nomatterwh-只能引导让步状语从句。Eg.无论我说什么，他都不会听我的。___________Isaid,hewouldn’tlistentome.=__________________Isaid,hewouldn’tlistentome.我说什么他都信。Hewouldbelieve_________Isaid.另外，在whoever,whatever,whenever,wherever中,-ever起强调作用，意为“究竟，到底”，eg:Whereverhaveyoubeen？你究竟去了哪里？六．名词性从句做题时的误区1．把握不准疑问从句和名词性关系从句的区别而误用引导词如：Heaskedmewhobroketheglass.此处的who不能用whoever代替。又如：Whogoesagainstthelawshallbepunished.很显然该句是一个典型的错句，who应用whoever，相当于anyonewho。这两种引导词的混淆使用是考生极易出现的错误，也是考生把握的难点，因此把握从句的句式结构，透彻理解引导词的含义和用法是避免类似错误的有效途径。2．把握不准句式结构，不能正确选择引导词句式结构的分析是选择引导词的关键。很多考