Unit1 重点词汇阅读及写作练习-高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册

Unit1Natureinthebalance高三英语一轮复习重点词汇阅读及写作--牛津译林（2020）必修第三册Part1单词填空板块1.The(dry)hadlastedforseveralmonthsanditmadefarmersanxiousabouttheharvest.

2.Iattachedaphototomy(apply)formamomentago.

3.The(organize)hassetupaprojecttoraise$150,000.

4.Theysuccessfullytransformedthecompanyintoa(globe)onein2001.

5.Hecan’tensurethattheexperimentis(absolute)safe.

6.Iwillneverknowwhatwasonhismindatthetime;noranyoneelse.

7.Engineersnoticedthatthepipeswerenotexpandingas(expect).

8.Thoughyoudonotwanttoaskhimagain,Iamafraidyouwillhave.

9.Itsoundslikesomethingiswrongwiththecar’sengine.If,we’dbettertakeittothegarageimmediately.

10.Don’ttaketoomuchofthemedicine;itdoesyoumoreharmthangoodifyou.

11.Fortunately,theresultsare(entire)consistentwithourearlierresearch.

12.Theyareanxioustoensurethecontinuationofthe(economy)reformprogram.

13.Lastnight,shecomplainedtothe(office)aboutthepoorserviceonBritain’srailways.

14.WhenIsawthe(variety)supplieswehadcollected,ithitmethateverykitweweretobuildthatdaywouldeventuallybeinthehandsofanIraqichild.

15.Theprisonerlookedathiswife,offeringnothinginhisown(defend).

16.Doctorsworkedthroughthenight(save)thelivesoftheinjured.

17.Youmightalsobegintonoticetheeffectsnotonlyonyourhealthinyourpocket.

18.I’mgoingtoteachyoungpeoplehow(face)challenges.

19.nootherkidsofmyageintheneighborhood,Ihadtospendhoursbymyself.

20.I(work)inthiscompanysinceIgraduatedfromuniversity.

21.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetect(harm)chemicalsingroundwater.

22.Underpressurefromthepublic,many(region)governmentscleaneduptheirbeaches.

23.Manyspeciesarein (extinct)becauseofourdestructionoftheirhabitat.

24.Itisestimatedthat10,000dollarshadbeenspenton(agriculture)research.

25.TheYangtzeRiveristhethirdlargestriver,whichalmosthasthesame(long)astheAmazonRiver.

26.Thereisnoproofthatthe(disappear)ofbeeshasacloseconnectionwiththeradiationofthemobilephones.

27.seemsobviousthatevolutionshouldselectforlargerbrains.

28.(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.

Part2话题阅读板块（A）Hardwareingeneral,andsmartphonesinparticular,havebecomeahugeenvironmentalandhealthproblemintheGlobalSouth’slandfillsites(垃圾填埋场).Electronicwaste(e-waste)currentlytakesup5percentofallglobalwaste,anditissettoincreaserapidlyasmoreofusownmorethanonesmartphone,laptopandpowerbank.TheyendupinplaceslikeAgbogbloshieontheoutskirtsofGhana’scapital,Accra.Itisthebiggeste-wastedumpintheworld,where10,000informalworkerswalkthroughtonsofabandonedgoodsaspartofaninformalrecyclingprocess.Theyrisktheirhealthsearchingforthepreciousmetalsthatarefoundinabandonedsmartphones.ButAgbogbloshieshouldnotexist.TheBaselConvention,a1989treaty,aimstopreventdevelopednationsfromunauthorizeddumpingofe-wasteinlessdevelopedcountries.Thee-wasteindustry,however,circumventsregulationsbyexportinge-wastelabelledas“second-handgoods”topoorcountrieslikeGhana,knowingfullwellthatitisheadingforalandfillsite.ArecentreportfoundAgbogbloshiecontainedsomeofthemostdangerouschemicals.Thisisnotsurprising:smartphonescontainchemicalslikemercury(水银),leadandevenarsenic(砷).Reportedly,oneeggfromafree-rangechickeninAgbogbloshiecontainedacertainchemicalwhichcancausecanceranddamagetheimmunesystematalevelthat’sabout220timesgreaterthanalimitsetbytheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority(EFSA).Mostworryingly,thesepoisonouschemicalsarefreetopollutethebroadersoilandwatersystem.Thisshouldconcernusall,sincesomeofGhana’stopexportsarecocoaandnuts.Somegovernmentshavestartedtotakeresponsibilityfortheirconsumers’waste.Forexample,GermanyhasstartedaprojectthatincludesasustainablerecyclingsystematAgbogbloshie,alongwithahealthclinicforworkers.However,governmentscannotsolvetheproblemalone,asthereisanalmostlimitlessconsumerdemandforhardware,especiallywhengovernments’greenpoliciesarefocusedonissueslikeclimatechange.Onlythemanufacturerscanfixthis.Amoreeconomicallysustainableandpoliticallypossiblesolutionisthroughencouraginghardwaremanufacturerstomaketherepair,reuseandrecyclingofhardwareprofitable,oratleastcost-neutral.1.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph2?A.ElectronicwasterequiresmorelandfillsitesacrossGhana.B.Electronicwasteistoocomplextogetfullyrecycled.C.Electronicproductsneedtobeimprovedurgently.D.ElectronicpollutionisaburningquestioninAgbogbloshie.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“circumvents”inparagraph3mean?A.Abolishes. B.Tightens.C.Bringsin. D.Getsaround.3.Whatshouldbethebestconcernaccordingtothetext?A.Thethreatofpollutedfoodaroundtheworld.B.Thedamageofchicken’simmunesystem.C.ThelackofdiversityinGhana’sexports.D.TheviolationofEFSA’sstandards.4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthebestsolutiontothee-wasteproblem?A.Manufacturers’developingasustainablehardwareeconomy.B.Governments’adjustingtheirgreenpoliciesaboute-waste.C.Reducingcustomers’demandsforelectronicproducts.D.Manufacturers’urgingthegovernmenttomakeeffectivepoliciestoensuremoreprofit.（B）ShouldWeCreateMoreNationalParkstoSaveEndangeredAnimals?Don’tyoufinditworryingthatmoreandmorespeciesofanimalsareinrealdangerofbecomingextinct?1AndIthinkthebestwaytodothisisforgovernmentstocreatemorenationalparks.

2Ifthisenvironmentisdestroyed—forexample,whenfarmersclearaforestfornewfields,ortreesarecutdowntomakeprofits—manyanimalsareunabletosurvive,andmorespeciesarelikelytobecomeextinct.

Inaddition,nationalparksprotectanimalsfromthedangerofbeinghunted.Amajorreasonwhymanyspeciesareendangeredisthattheseanimalsarekilledbyhunters.Theyhuntanimalstomakemoney.3

Ontheotherhand,somepeoplefightagainstthecreationofnationalparksbecausetheyconsideritiswrongtointerferewithnature.Theybelievethatwildanimalsarehappierlivingintheirnaturalenvironment.4Theyalsopointoutthatafewspeciesaremorelikelytoproduceyounganimalsinthewildthaninnationalparks.

Allinall,thesedisadvantagesarefarlessimportantthanthebenefitsofnationalparks.5Asamatteroffact,theyprotectanimalsfromtheirgreatestenemies,thatis,humanbeings.

A.Tobeginwith,animalsareimportanttohumans.B.Somehuntersevenhuntanimalssimplyforsport.C.Ipersonallybelievethatwemustsavetheseanimals.D.Theseparksallowanimalstoliveinasafeenvironment.E.Firstly,nationalparksprotecttheseanimals’naturalenvironment.F.Theysaythoughtheanimalsmayfacedanger,theyenjoyafreelife.G.Thereisaheateddiscussionaboutwhethertocreatemorenationalparks.Part3语法写作板块（A）Ifyougoouttothefieldsatnightinspringorsummer,youcanhearfrogssinging1.(happy)hereandthere.Itseemsasiftheywereperformingafieldgroupsinging.Thefrogisagoodandusefulcreaturethatbenefitshumanbeings.Theycancatchfast-moving2.(insect).Eachfrogeatsalargenumberofpeststhatareharmfultocrops.Thislittlecreatureisregarded3.“thenaturalenemyofpests”.

Butnowfrogs4.(get)fewerandfewer.Thisisbecausetheyarekilledandput5.thetableasadeliciousdishbytheirchiefenemy—humanbeings.Itisashamelessandcruelact,isn’tit?

Thecausethatis6.(responsibility)fortherapidreductionoffrogsisthatfarmersuseinsectkillerstokillpestsandfrogsgetkilledasaresultofdrinkingpoisonedwaterwhile7.(eat)poison-killedinsects.

Somethingmustbedoneassoonaspossible8.(save)frogs.Ifwedon’tpunishthose9.sellandkillfrogstomakemoney,thenonedayallofus10.(punish)bynatureforfailingtokeepthem.

（B）Eversincea2009cyclingaccidentputhiminawheelchair,DanBlackofChepstow,Wales,hashadonedream—walking.Hehasadaptedtohislimitations,buthelongsforthefreedomandactivityheoncehad.Hismothersayshe“goestobeddreaminghecanwalkandrun”.WhichiswhyhewasexcitedtolearnaboutcuttingedgestemcellresearchbeingdoneinChina,andatreatmentthatcouldpossiblyleadtotherecoveryofhislegs.ButtherearetwobigproblemsbetweenDanandhisdream.First,theresearchissocutting-edgethatitmaybeyearsbeforethetreatmentisanactual,realpossibilityforhim.Andsecondisthemostpracticalofallconsiderations:money.Theprocedurewoulddoubtlesscosttensofthousandsofdollars—maybemore.AndthesearenotallforDan.Helosttheuseofhislegsandhisrightarmintheaccident.Herequiresaround-the-clockcare,soit’shardforhimtofindajob.Hislifestyleis,accordingtohismother,“terrible”.Comingupwiththemoneyhewillneedforthosetreatments—whenandiftheyareavailable—wasasourceofgreatconcerntotheyoungWelshman.EncouragedbyloveandconcernforDan,friendsworkedhardthroughaseriesoffundraisingactivitiesoveraperiodoffiveyearstogetmorethan20,000poundsfortheprocedure.Danwasmovedbythisextraordinarykindnessandfelthecouldreallystartlookingtowardthedaywhenhecouldturnhisdreamofwalkingagainintoareality.ThenheheardaboutBrecon,a5-year-oldwhoalsolivesinChepstowandsuffersfromspasticdiplegiacerebralpalsy,whichseverelylimitshisabilitytowalk.DanlearntthatanewsurgicalprocedurebeingdoneintheUnitedStatescouldallowthelittleboytowalkunaided.Butthesurgerywouldrequiremorethan60,000pounds—moneyBrecon’sparentswerehavingahardtimeraising.注意:续写词数应为150左右。“ItappearsthatBreconcanwalkifhegetshisoperation,butIcan’trightnow,”Dansaidtohimself.

Brecon’sparentsweregreatlymovedbyDan’sbehavior.

词汇参考答案：1.anization4.global5.absolutely6.will7.expected8.to9.so10.do11.entirely12.economic13.official14.various15.defence16.tosave17.but18.toface19.With20.havebeenworking21.harmful22.regional23.extinction24.agricultural25.length26.disappearance27.It28.Learning阅读参考答案：（A）本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍电子垃圾成了威胁环境和健康的最大问题。1.D推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句可知,目前,电子垃圾占全球垃圾总量的5%,而且随着越来越多的人拥有不只一台智能手机、笔记本电脑和移动电源,这一比例还将迅速上升。它们最终在加纳首都阿克拉郊区的Agbogbloshie等地落脚。由此可推断,随着电子垃圾的快速增长,Agbogbloshie地区的电子污染是一个严峻的问题。故选D项。2.D词义猜测题。根据第三段第一、二句可推断,发达国家打着向发展中国家出口“二手物品”的幌子将电子垃圾转移到发展中国家来避开《巴塞尔公约》的规定。circumvent意为“避开、躲避”。故选D项。3.A细节理解题。根据第四段可知,加纳大量对外出口可可和坚果,所以全球范围内都会受到被污染食物的威胁。故选A项。4.A细节理解题。根据最后一段可知,作者认为解决电子垃圾问题的关键在于硬件生产商,他们应该遵守可持续发展的原则,生产便于维修、可回收利用的电子产品。故选A项。（B）本文是一篇议论文。文章就“我们是否应该创建更多的国家公园来保护濒危动物”进行了论述并得出了结论。1.C根据上一句可知,越来越多的动物濒临灭绝。根据下一句可知,作者认为最好的办法是政府建更多的国家公园。C项“我个人认为我们必须拯救这些动物。”承接上下句,符合语境。2.E根据本段内容及第三段第一句可知这两段在说创建国家公园的好处,故选E项。3.B此处在讲猎人猎杀动物的原因。上一句“Theyhuntanimalstomakemoney.”是其中一个原因,B项“有些猎人甚至纯粹为了运动而猎杀动物。”是另一个原因,故选B项。4.F此处在讲反对者的想法,F项“他们说尽管这些动物可能会面临危险,但是它们喜欢一种自由的生活。”符合语境。5.D根据下文“Asamatteroffact,theyprotectanimalsfromtheirgreatestenemies,thatis,humanbeings.”可知,国家公园可以保护动物免受人类的捕杀,是它们安全的庇护所。故D项“这些公园允许动物们生活在一个安全的环境中。”符合语境。语法写作参考答案：（A）本文是一篇说明文。青蛙是一种对人类有益的动物。但是现在青蛙越来越少了。这是因为它们的头号敌人——人类杀死了它们,把它们当成了美味佳肴。所以我们必须尽快采取措施拯救青蛙。1.happily考查词性转换。此处修饰现在分词singing,应使用副词形式,意为“快乐地