非谓语动词的句法功能课件-高考英语二轮复习

非谓语动词的句法功能充当的成分主语表语宾语定语状语补足语不定式todo动名词doing现在分词doing过去分词done主语1.不定式作主语多用来表示特指，一次性，具体对象Itisnotgoodforyoutosmokesomuch.2.动名词作主语（1）多用来表示泛指、常态，大家都适用Smokingisnotgoodforhealth.(2)在“therebe+no”句型中，只能用动名词Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappen.(3)在疑问句中，通常用动名词的符合结构作主语Doesyoursayingthatmeananythingtohim?表语1.句子中的主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，在形式上要求统一Toseeistobelieve.Seeingisbelieving.2.过去分词作表语Thesoldieriswounded.（1）接todo作宾语的谓语动词decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wishrefuse,manage/attempt,care,pretendoffer,promise,choose,plan,aimagree,ask/beg,help决心学会想希望拒绝设法愿假装主动答应选计目同意请求帮一帮（2）接doing作宾语的谓语动词avoid，miss,postpone/delayadvise/suggest/finish,practiceconsider,forbid,allow/permitmind,stand,keepenjoy/appreciate,imagine/fancy,can’thelpadmit,deny,envyescape,risk,excuse/pardon避免错过少延期建议完成多练习考虑禁止又允许介意忍受还继续欣赏想象禁不住承认否认与嫉妒逃避冒险莫原谅宾语宾语（3）接动名词作介词的宾语getusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事dependondoingsth.取决于做某事thinkaboutdoingsth.考虑做某事setaboutdoingsth.着手/开始做某事succeedindoingsth.成功做某事worryaboutdoingsth.担心某事devote...todoingsth.致力于做某事lookforwardtodoingsth.期待做某事payattentiontodoingsth.关注某事Eg.:IwillthinkaboutmakingaplanforlearningEnglishwell.定语1.不定式作定语It’stimetogotobed.睡觉修饰时间，强调是睡觉的时间，不是做其他事的时间，不定式作定语需要后置；2.现在分词作定语Thegirlwearingaredcoatismyfriend.wear的逻辑主语是girl，穿衣服是主动，故用doing表主动进行；3.过去分词作定语Theinjuredmanisasoldier.injure的逻辑主语是man,受伤是被动，故用done表被动；状语1.不定式作状语Istudyhardtoimprovemyself.（目的状语）only...to表示意外的结果Ihurriedtothesupermarket,onlytofinditwasclosed.（结果状语）too...to...太...而不能Heistooyoungtotakecareofhimself.（结果状语）当不定式前的形容词为nervous,pleased,willing,delighted,happy,too...to表示肯定Theyareonlytoonervoustoleave.当不定式前有否定意义的词时，too,,,to表示肯定It’snervoustoolatetolearn.“活到老，学到老。”2.分词作状语分词作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随；Enteringtheclassroom,hefoundhewaslate.（时间状语）enter的逻辑主语是he，表示主动，用doing；Workinghard,you’llsucceed.（条件状语）work的逻辑主语为you,表示主动工作，用doing；Disturbedbythenoise,wehadtofinishthemeetingearly.（原因状语）disturb的逻辑主语为we,表示被动，被干扰，故用done；Beingarichman,heisnothappy.（让步状语）be的逻辑主语是he，表示主动，用doing；Helpedbytheirteacher,thestudentsfinishedthetasksuccessfully.（方式状语）help的逻辑主语是thestudents，表示被动，故用done；Hesatinthearmchair,readinganewspaper.（伴随状语）read的逻辑主语是he，表示主动，故用doing补足语1.不定式作补语Mymotherencouragedmetotakeaswimmingcourse.(encouragetodosth.)2.分词作补语WhenIcamein,Isawhimdancinghappily.dance的逻辑主语为him,表示主动进行，故用doingIheardthesongsungbythenextclassroom.歌是被唱，表示被动，故用done1.Theairport_______nextyearyouwillhelptopromotetourisminthisarea.A.beingxompletedB.tobecompletedC.completedD.havingbeencompleted2.Theparkwasfullofpeople_______themselvesinthesunshine.A.havingenjoyedB.enjoyedC.enjoyingD.toenjoy3.Therearestillmanyproblems______beforewe’readytoleaveforBeijing.A.solvingB.solvedC.beingsolvedD.tobesolved4.Todaytherearemoreairplanes______morepeoplethaneverbefore.A.carryB.carryingC.carriedD.tobecarrying5.Eventhebestwritersfindthemselves_____forwords.A.loseB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost6.__________thedifferencebetweenthetworeaserchfindingswillbewrong.A.IgnoreB.IgnoringC.IgnoredD.Havingignored7.Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit’sbetter___silent.A.remainB.beremainingC.havingremainedD.toremain8.It’simportantforthefigures______regularly.A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdateD.tohaveupdated9.Themangot_____