直接引语和间接引语概述

直接引语和间接引语概述我们把引述别人的话语可归纳为两种方式，一种时直接引述别人的话语，并置于引号之内的称为直接引语，另一种是用自己的语言转述别人的话语，称为间接引语，间接一般构成宾语从句。Theteacherasked,“DoyoulikeEnglish?“老师问：“你喜欢英语吗？”（直接引语）ThegirlsaidthatshelikedEnglishverymuch.女孩说她非常喜欢英语。（间接引语）一般在直接引语或间接引语当中都有一个引述动词，如tell,ask,say等。这些引述动词和它们的主语所放位置比较灵活，可以放在直接引语之前、之后或其中。主语如果是名词时，可以倒装。“主语+引述动词”放在间接引语当中就相当于宾语从句的主语部分。Hetoldme,“IamgoingtoChangchuntomorrow.”他告诉我：“明天我打算去长春。”"Whereareyoufrom?”askedLinda.“你来自哪里？”琳达问。直接引语变间接引语的变化形式人称代词和指示代词的变化指示代词this和these通常变为that和those。人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。例如：Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”他说：“我是来帮助你的。”fHesaidthathehadcometohelpme.他说他是来帮助我的。时态的变化引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。具体变化如下：一般现在时f一般过去时 一般过去时f过去完成时现在进行时f过去进行时 现在完成时f过去完成时一般将来时f过去将来时【注意】含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。若直接引语为客观真理或自然规律，变为间接引语时，时态不变。有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语时间状语的变化now有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语时间状语的变化nowfthentodayfthatdaytonightfthatnightthisweekfthatweekyesterdayfthedaybefore地点状语的变化herefthere谓语动词的变化comefgo直接引语变为间接引语的情况直接引语为陈述句变为间接引语时，时态不变。lastmonthfthemonthbeforethreedaysagofthreedaysbeforetomorrowfthenextdaynextmonthfthenextmonththedayaftertomorrowfintwodays⑴将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句，接在谓语动词之后（that可以省略。）例如：Hesaid,“Iforgottocallyouyesterday.”他说：“我昨天忘记给你打电话了。”fHesaidthathehadforgottentocallmethedaybefore.他说她前一天忘记给我打电话了。（2）如果引述动词是saytosb.,则通常改为tellsb.sth.结构。例如：Hesaidtome,“Yourbikeisbroken.”她对我说：“你的自行车坏了。”fHetoldmethatmybikewasbroken.他对我说我的自行车坏了。直接引语为一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句，将直接引语变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。其语序为陈述语序，若直接引语的引述动词为say，应改为ask.例如：Maryaskedme,“IsHelenfromtheUnitedStates?”玛丽问我，“凯伦时美国人吗？”fMaryaskedmewhether/ifHelenwasfromtheUnitedStates.玛丽问我海伦是否时美国人。直接引语为特殊疑问句直接引语为特殊疑问句，将直接引语变为由特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句，语序是陈述语序。例如：Johnaskedme,“WheredoesZhouXuncomefrom?”约翰问我，“周迅是哪儿的人？”fJohnaskedmewhereZhouXuncamefrom.约翰问我周迅时哪儿的人。if引导的条件状语从句主句用一般将来时，if从句用一般过去时。WewillgotoBaoDuzhaiifitisfinetomorrow.如果明天天好的话我们就去抱犊寨。Wewilltotravellingifwehavetimetomorrow.如果明天我们有时间我们就去旅行。主句祈使句，if从句用一般现在时。Pleasecallmeifyouneedhelp.如果你需要帮助请打电话给我。Singasongifyoufeelhappy.如果感到快乐就唱首歌吧！主句含有情态动词，if从句用一般现在时。Youcanmakealotofmoneyifyourunacompany.如果你经营一家公司的话你会装很多钱。Youcangetnumberoneifyoustudyhard.如果你努力学习你就可以得第一。—Mary,whataboutgoingboatingifitdoesn'train?玛丽，如果明天不下雨，我们就划船好吗？—Goodidea.好主意。莲山课件原文地址：/shti/cusan/55175.htm初中英语——直接引语与间接引语直接引语转化为间接引语：三变：一变人陈二变时态三变状语四变句型直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为,yesterday变为today变为;tomorrow变为地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”：指示代词中this要改为;these要改为 .;here变为 ;动词come变为;注yesterday变成thedaybefore ,时态要由原来的一般过去时变为过去完成时四、如何变句型：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如:Shesaid,"Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes."—Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如:Hesaid,"Canyouswim,John?"—HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim."Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven‘tyou?"mymotherasked.—MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework."Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?"—HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。Sheaskedme,"Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?"—Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask,order,beg等)sb(not)todosth."句型。如:"Don'tmakeanynoise,"shesaidtothechildren.—Shetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise."Bringmeacupoftea,please,"saidshe.—Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动句词(或从句)。”如:Hesaid,"Let'sgotothefilm."—Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”Hesaidtome,“Ihaveleftmybookinyourroom.”Shesaid,“Iwillcomehereagaintonight.”Hesaid,“Iarrivedyesterdaymorning.”5Shesaid,“Mysisterwillbebacktomorrowmorning.”6Paulsaid,“I'mtryingtogetataxi.”“Inevereatmeat.”Heexplained.“Haveyoubeenhereforages?”shesaid.Heasked,“Areyousureyourmotherwillcome?'Heasked,“Areyouateacherorastudent?”Hesaidtome,“Pleasecomeagaintomorrow.”Hesaidtome,“Don'tdothatagain.”Hesaid,“Whereisshegoing?”“Wholivesnextdoor?”sheasked.“What'shappened?”heasked.“Mary,whenisthenexttrain?”heasked.“Whydidyoustopthecar,Tom?”sheasked.“ShallIwaitforthemorshallIgoon?”themanasked.“ShallIlockthecarorleaveitunlocked?”sheasked.“Willyoubeheretomorrow?”heaskedme.“Wouldyouliketocomeinforadrink?”sheaskedBill.35“Dositdown,everybody.”saidthehostess.巩固练习：TOC\o"1-5"\h\z1.Sheaskedhim .whosedictionarythisis B.whosedictionarythatwasC.whosedictionaryisthis D.whosedictionarythatisMary'smotheraskedher .A.thatwhethershehadfinishedherhomeworkB.ifshehasfinishedherhomeworkC.ifshehadfinishedherhomeworkD.thatifshehadfinishedherhomework3.Heaskedme .A.howwouldtheweatherbeliketomorrow B.whattheweatherwouldbelikethenextdayC.howtheweatherwouldbeliketomorrow D.whatwouldtheweatherbelikethenextday4.Shetoldmethatshe byherrelativesatthebusstop.A.hadbeenseenoffB.haveseenoffC.havebeenseenoffD.hadseenoff5.Canyouguess ?A.whatisthatmanB.whothatmanisC.whomthatmanisD.whoisthatman6.Thehostesssaidthatit___timethatthey___supper.A.was;hadB.was;hadhadC.is;haveD.is;havehad7.Thebossaskedhissecretary hehadfinishedtypingthereport .A.if;ornotB.if;notC.whether;ornotD.whether;not直接引语与间接引语精讲直接引语：直接引用别人的话,并在原话前后加引号。例：Hesaid:"Itistoolate."间接引语：通过第三者转述别人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式构成。例：Hesaiditwastoolate.直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题。人称的变化。主语为第一人称的直接引语，变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。例如：直接引语Shesaid:"Iamhungry."间接引语Shesaidshewashungry.直接引语Mumsaidtome:"Youcancleanyourbedroomtomorrow."间接引语MumtoldmethatIcouldcleanmybedroomthenextday.时态变化直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致.当主句为过去时，从句要跟着相应的变化,变化如下：一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变过去进行时不变（am/iswas,arewere,do/does did,cancould,willwould,动词原形动词过去式）1>“Iamverygladtovisityourschool”,shesaid.Shesaidthatshewasverygladtovisitourschool.2>.Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningtothepopmusic.3>.Motherasked,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?”MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.4>.Heaskedtheconductor,“WhereshallIgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus?”HeaskedtheconductorwherehewouldgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus.5>.“Whydidsherefusetogothere?”theteacherasked.Theteacheraskedwhyshehadrefusedtogothere.6>.Motheraskedme,“HadyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchedTV?”MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.、，亠-^7-.注意：1>.直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。例如：Teachersaidtous:"Themoonmovesroundtheearth."Teachertoldusthemoonmovesroundtheearth.Theteachersaidtous:“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”Theteachersaidthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.2>.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。例如：Shesaid:"IwenttoEnglandin1998."ShesaidshewenttoEnglandin1998.3>.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。Hesays:"Iboughtyouabookyesterday."Hesaysthatheboughtmeabookyesterday.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。this that,these those,here there,today thatday,tomorrow---thenextday,nextweek thenextweek，come go等)句式上的变化1>.陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接,that无实际意义，可省略。例Lanasaid:“IammadatMarcia.”Lanasaid(that)shewasmadatMarcia.Hesaid:“WearegoodatEnglish.”Hesaid(that)theyweregoodatEnglish.Shesaidtome:“Shedoesherhomeworkeverynight.”Shetoldme(that)shedidherhomeworkeverynight.Hesaid:“Igotoschoolbybus.”Hesaid(that)hewenttoschoolbybus.2>.一般疑问句，选择疑问句变间接引语时，要用陈述语气，并要加连词if或whether。例如：Sheaskedme:"AreyouMr.Li?"SheaskedmeifIwasMr.Li.Sheaskedus:"Doyouwanttogoonapicnic?"Sheaskedusifwewantedtogoonapicnic.3>.特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。例如："Howmuchhavewespentonpetrolthisyear,"Susanaskedherhusband.Susanaskedherhusbandhowmuchtheyhadspentonpetrolthatyear.Heaskedme:“Whattimeisitnow?”Heaskedmewhattimeitwasthen.注意：转述问句时后面用陈述句语序。4>.祈使句变间接引语，一改二变三加四去。一改：said(to)改为asked或told二变：saidto的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语三加：即在动词原形前加to,使成为动词不定式四去：去掉please例：Hesaidtoher:"Don'ttakethebookaway,please"Heaskedhernottotakethebookaway.Hesaidtome:“Pleasedoitagain.”Hetold/askedmetodoitagain.Theteachersaid:“Don'ttalkinclass,Tom.”Theteachertold/askedTomnottotalkinclass.直接引语和间接引语专项练习一、把下列的句子变成间接引语：1.“I'mleavingforLondonnextweek.”Mysistersaidtome.2.Johnsaid,“Mr.Smithhascomehere.”Shesaid,“Doyouwantmetohelpyou?”“Didthemanintheshopunderstandhimatlast?”Shesaid.Mumsaid,“CanyouspeakEnglish?”“Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?”Heaskedtheboy.“Don'tworry.”Themothersaidtothechildren.Hesaid,“Pleasegivemeabook.”二．单项选择TOC\o"1-5"\h\z1.WherewasAlice'ssister?Idon'tknowwhere .A.wasAlice'ssisterB.Alice'ssisterwasC.isAlice'ssisterD.Alice'ssisteris2.Whatdidhesay?Idon'tknowwhat .A.didhesayB.hesaysC.hehassaidD.hesaidIdon'tknow .A.thereasonwhycanbeB.whythereasonmaybeC.whatthereasoncanbeD.whatthereasonmaybe4.Iwonder .whichofthefollowingisnottherightchoice?A.whethershewillbefitforthejobornotwhetherornotwillshebefitforthejobifshewillbefitforthejobD.whatshewillbefitforthejobTOC\o"1-5"\h\z5.IsMr.WufromBeijing?Idon'tknow .A.wheredoeshecomefromB.fromwheredoeshecomeC.whichcityhecomesfromD.whatcityhecomesfrom6.Canyoumakesure ?A.thathewillcomeheretodayB.whenhewillcomeheretodayC.willhecomehere todayD.whetherwillhecomeheretoday7.Doyouhappentoknow ?A.whereisheraddressB.inwhichplaceisheraddressC.whatheraddressisD.theplaceheraddressis8.Excuseme,butcanyoutellme ?A.wherecanIgettothelibraryB.whereIcangettothelibraryC.howcanIgettothelibraryD.howIcangettothelibraryJohnaskedme tovisithisuncle'sfarmwithhim.A.howwouldIlikeB.ifornotwouldIlikeC.whetherIwouldlikeD.whichIwouldlikeI'dliketoknow Chinese.A.whenhebegantolearnB.whendidhebegintolearnC.whendidhebeginlearningD.forhowlonghebegantolearnDoyouknow?A.whenwilltheycomeB.whenwouldtheycomeC.whentheywillcomeD.whendidtheycomeFatheraskedBob.A.whichonedidhelikebestB.whichonehelikedbestC.whichonehelikesbestD.whichonedoeshelikebestDoyouknowatthemoment?A.whataretheydoingB.whattheydoC.whattheyaredoin