Unit1ScienceandScientists单词人教版(2019)选择性必修第二册

Unit1单词精讲1.severeadj.极为恶劣的;严厉的;苛刻的

besevereon/with对……严厉

beseverewithoneself严于律己severelyadv.很严重地;极为恶劣地eg.Hisinjuriesaresevere.

severeweatherconditionsThecourtsarebecomingmoresevereonyoungoffenders.Shewasaseverewomanwhoseldomsmiled.2.

frustrated

adj.懊恼的，沮丧的，失意的

befrustratedwith/at对…灰心丧气

frustrate

vt.挫败，阻挠，使感到灰心

frustrating

adj.令人沮丧的

frustration

n.懊恼，沮丧，令人懊恼的事物3.contradictoryadj.互相矛盾的；互相对立的

becontradictoryto…与……矛盾、相反eg.Hisremarkwascontradictorytothetruth.

contradictv.反驳;与……相矛盾contradictionn.抵触;矛盾;矛盾的说法4.infectv.传染;使感染,使感染(某种感情);影响beinfectedwith感染上……,传染上……infectionn.感染;传染infectiousadj.

传染性的1.Peoplewiththevirusmayfeelperfectlywell,buttheycanstillinfectothers.2.Lucy’senthusiasmsooninfectedtherestoftheclass.5.subscribev.定期订购，定期缴纳(会费);定期捐款赞助subscribeto同意,赞成，订阅e.g.Ihaveneversubscribedtotheviewthatschooldaysarethehappiestdaysofyourlife.

subscriber

n.

订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者subscription

n.

订阅；订阅费；定期捐款Eachemployeemaysubscribe

forupto￡2,000worthofshares.Youcansubscribetothemagazineforaslittleas$32ayear.

Shesubscribestoanenvironmentalactiongroup.申购（股票）6.suspectvt.&vi怀疑；不信任；n.犯罪嫌疑人(1)suspectsb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人(做过)某事suspectsb./sth.tobe/as...怀疑某人/某物是……(2)suspicionn.怀疑；疑心undersuspicion被怀疑(3)suspiciousadj.怀疑的；可疑的besuspiciousof/aboutsth.对某事怀疑单句语法填空①Anymanwhohaswitnessedtheattackis_____suspicion.②Someofhiscolleaguesatworkbecame__________(suspect)ofhisbehaviour.完成句子老板怀疑他从公司拿走了电脑。Theboss_______________________thecomputerawayfromthecompany.undersuspicioussuspectedhimoftaking7.blamedvt.责备；谴责；把…归咎于；n.过失；责备(1)blamesb.forsth.因某事而责备某人blamesth.onsb.把某事怪到某人头上betoblame应受责备；应负责任(2)bear/taketheblamefor...对……负责lay/puttheblameforsth.onsb.把某事怪到某人身上4.Thepolicelaid/puttheblamefortheaccidentonthedriver.5.Thecompanyisreadytobear/take/accept/gettheblameforwhathashappened.1.MariestillblamesherselfforPatrick'sdeath.2.Youcan'tblameallyourproblemsonyourfamily.3.Officialsbelievethatmorethanonepersonmaybetoblameforthefire.单句语法填空①Onceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelse___abadsituation,youarealoser.②Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblame___beinglate___thealarmclock.③Itwastheprofessorratherthanhisassistantthatwas________(blame)forwhathadhappenedinthelab.forforontoblamefortoblameonblameJohnforblamethefailureon8.handlen.把手,柄v.处理,应付(局势、人、工作或感情)

触,拿,搬动控制,操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)get/haveahandleon

弄懂，理解，搞明白handlewithcare小心轻放1.She'sverygoodathandlingherpatients.2.Thelabelontheboxsaid:‘Fragile.Handlewithcare.’3.Iwasn'tsureifIcouldhandlesuchapowerfulcar.4.It’sdifficulttoget/haveahandleonhowwidespreadthisproblemis.9.linkn.联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联[知识拓展](1)link...to/with... 将……和……联系或连接起来

linkupwith... 与……联合；使与……衔接(2)alinkbetweenAandB A与B之间的联系to/withwithislinked

单句语法填空①ThenewtunnellinksBritain

France.②Thetwospacecraftwilllinkup

eachotherinorbit.③Thecountry

(link)tothetownbyanewbridge.10.decreasen.减少vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少(1)

onthedecrease

在减少中

adecreasein...

在……方面减少(2)

decreaseto...

减少到……

decreaseby...（百分点） 减少了……

decreasefrom...to...

从……减少到……

单句语法填空①Thereisadecreaseofnearly7%

thenumberofvisitorstothemuseum.②Theaccidentshavedecreased

20%sincethemeasurehasbeentaken.③Becauseofhumanactivities，thenumberofsomerareanimalsis

thedecrease.inbyon11.transformv.使改观,使变形,使转化transform…(from…)into…把……变成……

transform…with…用……来改变……

transformation

n.

改变、转化(不可数);具体变化(可数)transformable

adj.

可变形的；可变化的transformer

n.

促使改变的人或物；变压器1.Thisequipmentcantransformlightintoenergy.2.Wecantransformtheworldwithourknowledge.

单句语法填空①Thehealthsecuritysystemsofmanycountriesareundergoingconsiderable______________(transform)．②Everymomentofeveryday,energy__________________(transform)fromoneformintoanother.③Iwasastudentandmylifeistotally________________(transform)by

thatexperience.transformationtransformed

beingtransformed12、initialadj.最初的，开始的，第一的myinitial

reaction我最初的反应initiallyadv.开始，最初，起初

13、castvt.投射，向…投以[视线/笑容]，投掷becastdown[bysth.][因某事]沮丧,不愉快cast/throwashadowover/on

投下一片阴影，给…蒙上阴影

castaside抛弃，丢弃，废除

castaway扔掉，抛弃

14.shadown.[C]影子；阴影；坏影响：

[U]［也可用复数］背光处；阴暗处：shadowplayeg.Herfather’sillnesscastashadowover/ontheweddingcelebrations.Sometimesshesitsaloneintheshadow(s).shadevsshadow

shade指阳光照不到的地方，如树下或墙边的阴凉处，一般没有具体的轮廓。Let’ssitintheshadeofthetreeforawhile.

shadow指某物遮住阳光或其他光源后形成的影子，可以引申为“不良的兆头或阴影”，也可指黑暗的地方。Myfriendjumpedoutoftheshadowsandtappedonmyshoulders.howtogetthere

howtodotheexperimentwheretoputthiscomputersocleverthat

sohardthatsogoodafilmthatsoheavyaboxthatsuchalovelygirlthat13.breakout(战争、打斗等不快的事情)突然开始;爆发【词汇拓展】breakdown出故障;失败;垮掉;分解breakin破门而入;打断(谈话等)breakinto强行闯入;突然……起来breakawayfrom脱离;挣脱breakup打碎;分裂;解体breakthrough突破Theywerediscussingsomethingimportantwhenamanbroke

in.Scientistshopetobreak

throughsoonintheirfightagainstheartdisease.14.defendvt.保卫;防御【词汇拓展】(1)defend...from/against保护…免受;防御defendoneself为自己辩护;自卫(2)defencen.防御;保卫indefenceof为了保卫;为……辩护1.Goddefendsmefrommyfriends;frommyenemyIcandefend

myself.2.Studentsshouldbetrainedtodefend

themselves

against/fromsomeattacks.15.inchargeof主管;掌管【词汇拓展】(1)takechargeof掌管/负责……inthechargeof受……的管理;由……负责(2)freeofcharge=forfree免费(3)chargesbforsth为某物向某人收取费用chargesbwith(doing)sth控告某人(做)某事Dr.Smithisassignedtotake

charge

ofthedepartment.Willyoupleasetellmewhetheryoucharge

forcheques?【温馨提示】in

charge

of多以人作主语,指“某人负责/主管某事”;in

the

charge

of

多以物作主语,指“某物由某人掌管”。类似的还有:in

possession

of,in

the

possession

of;in

control

of,in

the

control

of。用charge的短语完成句子①公司管理很差，直到她掌管为止。Thecompanywasbadlyorganizeduntilshe_________________.②演员们都愿意免费出演。Theperformershaveallofferedtheirservices__________________.③当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。Thecompany_____________________whenthebossisaway.＝Tomis________________________whenthebossisaway.

tookchargeofitfreeofcharge

isinthechargeofTom

inchargeofthecompany16.assistantn.助理，助手assistv.帮助，援助，协助assistsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事assistsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事assistsb.indoingsth.帮助某人做某事assistancen.帮助，援助17.giftedadj.有天赋的，有天才的，天资聪慧的begiftedin/at在…方面有天赋/才华begiftedwith…具有…天赋gift

n.

天赋，天才，才能，礼物haveagift/talentfor…有…天赋showatalentfor

显示出…天赋betalentedin/at

在…方面有天赋18.comedown（with）患(病);染上(小病)【词汇拓展】comeacross偶然遇到comeabout发生cometo恢复常态;共计;达到(某种状况)comeupwith提出(主语是人)comeup提出(主语是建议等)Icame

acrossmyformerEnglishteacherinthestreetyesterday.Theheadmasterwantstoknowhowtheaccidentcame

about.19.aboveall最重要的是;尤其【词汇拓展】afterall毕竟;终究allinall整体说来;总而言之inall全部;合计atall(否定句)一点也不;(疑问句)到底;究竟1.Howmanystudentsarethereinyourscho