中考英语语法专题1：名词

语法专题：名词【考点点拨】【考点1】名词概述定义名词是表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念名称的词。分类从名词所表示的事物的性质看,可以分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。可数名词有复数形式,不可数名词一般没有复数形式。从名词的类别看,个体名词和集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。可数名词的单数形式一般可以用不定冠词(a,an)修饰;不可数名词一般不能用不定冠词(a,an)修饰。【练习】【考点2】可数名词1.定义一般来说,所表示的事物或人可以用数目来计算的名词,称为可数名词。2.可数名词复数的规则变化规则1：一般情况下,直接在名词后加-______,例如：room→________chair→________注意：在清辅音后s读//pig→________tree→________注意：在清辅音后s读//coat→________student→________注意：在清辅音后t读//word→________hand→________注意：在清辅音后d读//规则2：以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词后加-______，例如glass→________box→________brush→________watch→________注意：此种情况下，es读//规则3.以f(e)结尾的词,变f(e)为______,再加-es，例如leaf→________knife→________shelf→________life→________注意：此种情况下，ves读//规则4.以y结尾的名词(1)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-____,例如：baby→________city→________注意：此种情况下，ies读//(2)以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,在词尾加-____，例如：toy→________boy→________day→________注意：此种情况下，s读//规则5.以o结尾的名词(1)表示有生命的名词，加-____，例如：hero→________tomato→________potato→________(2)表示无生命的名词，加-____，例如：photo→________piano→________注意：以上2种情况下，s读//3.可数名词复数的不规则变化情况1：改变名词中的元音字母man→________foot→________tooth→________情况2：单复数形式相同sheep→________deer→________fish→________情况3：特殊变化child→________mouse→________情况4：表示“某国人”变复数Chinese→_____________Japanese→_____________Englishman→_____________Frenchman→_____________American→_____________German→_____________口诀：中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。 情况5：由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数（1）一般情况下，常将最后一个名词变复数。例如：two___________________两个女学生five___________________五棵苹果树（2）如果第一个名词是man或woman时,两个名词都要变复数。例如：two___________________两个女老师five___________________五个男医生【考题链接】()1.Peoplecouldenjoythescenery(风景)andwatch______there.

A.birdB.birds C.bird’s D.birds’()2.Manyforeignerscametoourschoollastweek,includingthree______andfour______A.German;AmericanB.Germans;AmericanC.Germans;AmericansD.German;Americans()3.―Look!Theyare_______.―Yes.Weareproudofthem.manscientistB.womenscientistsC.womanscientistsD.manscientists()4.It'ssportstime.Most_______studentsinClass1areplayingfootballontheplayground.A.boyB.boysC.boy'sD.boys'()5.Look!Therearethree_________andtwo__________attheschoolgate.Let'sshowthemaroundourschool.Frenchman:GermanB.Frenchmen:GermansC.Frenchmen:GermenD.Frenchmans;Germans【考点3】不可数名词1.定义物质名词和抽象名词无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。不可数名词通常无复数形式。2.用法：在没有量词的情况下,不可数名词前不能用a,an这两个不定冠词。3.常见的不可数名词:类别饮食milk,

water,

wine,

food,

beef,

rice,

bread,

salt,

corn,

soup,

oil,

meat,

pork,

juice,

coffee,

beer,

cheese,

butter材料wood,

gold,

glass,

silk,

plastic,

cotton,

wool,

metal自然earth,

light,

rain,

wind,

ice,

grass,

weather,

snow,

fire其他advice,

confidence,

money,

news,

housework,

homework,

knowledge,

information,

trouble,

fun,

success,

progress,

pleasure,

treasure4.某些名词表示物质或抽象概念时是不可数的,而在表示个体概念时是可数的。如:名词可数不可数名词可数不可数paper

chicken

weight

fish

orange

exercise

room

experience

timework5.不可数名词的量不可数名词要表示“一件”“一个”等量的概念时,要用“数词+表示量的名词+____+不可数名词”来表示。如:__________________一张纸__________________两张纸__________________一杯茶__________________五杯茶__________________一瓶果汁 __________________四瓶果汁【考题链接】()1.Thebroken__________maycutintoyourhandifyoutouchit.Youshouldbecareful.

A.glass B.glasses C.candle D.candles()2.Thethree__________upstairsaretoosmalltohaveenough__________foradoublebedA.room:roomB.room:roomsC.rooms:roomD.rooms:rooms()3.Theproblemsaredifficulttosolve.Pleasegiveme__________.A.manyadviceB.someadviceC.anadviceD.someadvices()4.I'mhungry.Pleasegiveme__________toeat.A.twobreadB.twopiecesofbreadC.twopiecesofbreadsD.twopieceofbread()5——MrLiuwillgivealectureonastudyabroadinEnglandandsharesome0learningEnglishwithus.——Itwillbeareallymeaningfullecture.A.experiences;experienceB.experience;experiencesC.experience;experienceD.experiences:experiences()6.——What'sintheicebox?——__________,butlittleAfewA.oranges;orangeB.oranges;orangesC.orange;orangeD.orangeoranges()7.Childrenshouldmake_________foroldpeopleinabus.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.theroom()8.—CanIhelpyou?—Pleasegiveme_________aboutthetrainstoDaqing.

A.afewinformations B.alittleinformations C.alittleinformation D.afewinformation【考点4】名词所有格名词所有格用来表示名词和名词之间的所属关系。所有格分两种:一种是由名词词尾加’s构成，另-种是由介词of加名词构成前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示没有生命的东西1.’s所有格的用法用法例子1.名词所有格形式的构成(1)单数名词后加’s_____________________男孩的父亲(2)以s结尾的复数名词后加’______________________教师节(3)不以s结尾的复数名词后加’s______________________妇女节2.表示共同所有的名词,只需在最后一个名词后加’s______________________Tom和Jack共有的房间3.表示分别所有的名词,需在每个名词后都加’s______________________Tom和Jack各自的房间4.用于表时间、地点、距离的名词后______________________三天的假期______________________两个小时的步行2.of所有格的用法用法例子1.用于无生命的东西______________________椅子的腿______________________学习英语的重要性3.双重所有格:构成：名词+of+名词性物主代词或’s所有格，如：___________________________我们的一个朋友___________________________我爸爸的一个朋友___________________________玛丽的爸爸的一个朋友【考题链接】()1.Katherinewasexcitedtoreceiveadozenofrosesfromherhusbandon__________Day.

A.Woman B.Women C.Woman’s D.Women’s()2.ChildrenareveryhappyonJunelst,__________Day.Itistheirownholidayandtheycangetlotsofpresentsonthatday.A.ChildrenB.ChildsC.Children'sD.Child’s()3.—HowfarisitfromGuangzhoutoChangsha?—It'saboutthree__________ridebyhigh-speedtrain.A.HourB.hour's C.hoursD.hours()4.Whomareyougoingcampingwiththisweekend?A.AfriendofmeB.AfriendofmysisterC.AfriendofJimD.Afriendofmine()5._________motherscouldn'tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoBeijing.A.JimandPeter'sB.JimandPeterC.Jim'sandPeterD.Jim'sandPeter's()6.Scientistshadtestedthesweepingmachinehundredsof_________.Ittookalong_________tofinallymakeitusedinreallife.times,timeB.time,timeC.time,timesD.times,times【考点5】常考名词辨析中考英语试题中，考查名词所占比例很大，除了在语法选择题中，考查名词的语法功能外，还会在完形填空中着重考查学生的词汇辨析，要求学生联系上下文，选出符合题意的名词或要求学生区分近义名词、同义名词。1.sound,voice与noise(1)sound“声音”,指耳朵能听到的各种声音,多作可数名词。(2)voice“声音”,主要指人的声音。(3)noise指“噪音”,可以作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,词组有makeanoise等。【牛刀小试】①Iheardthe__________oftherain!②Theteachersaidinaloud_______________,“Pleasekeepsilent!”③Buteverynightheheardthe__________upstairs.2.job与work工作,劳动job是可数名词,work是不可数名词,work也可以当动词。【牛刀小试】①Shegota____________ofwashingclothes. ②Ittakesalotof___________tobuildablem与question都可译为“问题”,都是可数名词,但它们所含的意思并不相同。(1)question一般是指等待回答的“问题;提问”。(2)problem一般是指等待解决(solve)或决定(decide)的“问题;难题”。【牛刀小试】①MayIasksome______________? ②That’sno_________________.Icanlendyoumymoney.4.idea,advice与suggestion(1)idea表示“主意”,是可数名词,如:agoodidea一个好主意。(2)advice表示“建议”“忠告”,是不可数名词,如:apieceofadvice一个忠告;一个建议。(3)suggestion表示“建议”,是可数名词,如:twosuggestions两条建议。【牛刀小试】①Canyougivemesome______________onhowtolearnEnglishwell?②Hehascomeupwithagood______________todealwithhisoldbooks.③Mr.Gaoissokindtogiveusseveral____________.重点记忆以下常考名词:introduction__________product__________experiment__________suggestion__________tradition__________relation__________direction__________instruction__________expression__________experience__________invitation__________invention__________communication__________development__________discussion__________satisfaction__________advertisement__________secret__________【考题链接】()1.—Idon'tknowhowtousethemachine.—YoucanaskKittyforhelp.Shehaslotsof__________inusingit.A.experimentB.expressionC.examinationD.experience()2.Theyarepleasedwiththe__________oftherestaurantA.adviceB.serviceC.experienceD.time()3.—Whatisthe_________ofyourexcellentspokenEnglish?—Practicemakesperfect!A.resultB.influenceC.dutyD.secret()4.Myteachergavememuch________onhowtoimprovemyEnglishwritingwhenIfeltworriedA.questionB.suggestionC.problemD.advice()5.IthinkWangFeihasawonderful_________.SheisoneofmyfavoritesingersA.voiceB.lookC.noiseD.sound【真题回顾】一、语法选择()1.Peoplecouldenjoythescenery(风景)andwatch_________there.

A.birdB.birds C.bird’s D.birds’()2.Thisyear,themostpopular_________hatisthatkind.

A.woman B.woman’s C.women D.women’s二、完形填空()1.Asyearswentby,Mr.Smithwasboredofhislook…Inthenextfewweeks,Mr.Smith’sinterestinhis_________keptgrowing.Heboughtneweyes,newhandsandnewfeet.

shape B.age C.life D.look()2.Forone,hewrote,“MysistersaysIactlikeanalien(外星人).”Samalsosaidhehadwatchedalmostallthe________movieshecouldfind.Hislastsentencemaytouchpeople’shearts:“Iamyoung,soIcanlearntothinklikeanalien.”

A.war B.road C.space D.sports三、短文填空1.Fromthem,GrandpaHuanglearnedtolivealongandhappy________.2.Asthefamilyhavepickedupthenewlifestyle,theyfindthattheycanspendmoretimetalkingovermeals,playingsportsanddoingall________ofactivitiestogether.3.Hetookoffhershoesandputher________intothewater.Afterthat,hebegantowashthemcarefully.4.LaoPan’snewbookincludeshisforty-seven__________tohisfamilybackinAmerica.ThelettersshowChina’sdevelopmentindifferentperiods.

5.OnemorningJanesawsomeelderkidssellinglemonjuicebythestreet.Theywantedtoraise__________tohelptheirfriends.Thenshecameupwithan__________.

6.Inthevillage,thereweremanypaintingsof__________,suchascatsandbirds.【模拟训练】BeijingisthecapitalofChinaanditisoneofthemostlively1.intheworld.Idreamedtosee