2023年自考类英语自考语言与文化历年高频考题带答案难题附详解

2023年自考类英语自考语言与文化历年高频考题带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共50题)1."______"isthecontractedformof"Godbewithyou"andthereforecarriesareligiousconnotation.2."______"areimportantpropertiesoflanguage.A.LanguageissystematicB.LanguageishumanspecificC.LanguageisusedtounderstandanddescribetheworldD.Languageandculturearelooselyrelated3.Ameddlesomepersonwhopriesintoothers'affairsisa______.A.self-mademanB.busybodyC.ladies'manD.do-gooder4."Traveller"inBritishEnglishisspelledas______inAmericanEnglish.5.______eventscanalsobeasourceofEnglishallusions,asseenin"marathon"and"Waterloo".6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsusesimiles?A.ThismethodisaseasyasABC.B.Thesocietywashiscollege.C.Ifdreamsdie,lifeisabroken-wingedbirdthatcannotfly.D.Timeflieslikeanarrow.7.Whatisthelogicalrelationofthesentences"Iwasnotinformed.OtherwiseIshouldhavetakensomeaction"?A.Additive.B.Adversative.C.Causal.D.Temporal.8.______ismoneygivenatChristmastimetothedustmenandotherswhoprovideaservicethroughouttheyear.9.Whenthespeakerorwriterdiscussesmanythingsindirectlyrelatedtothecentralideaofthetext,heorshedevelopsthetextina(n)______fashion.A.linearB.spiralC.inductiveD.deductive10.Theidiomaticexpression"tomoveheavenandearthtodosomething"canbetranslatedinto"______".A.费了九牛二虎之力B.进退两难C.坐失良机D.昙花一现11.Howistheterm"journalese"defined?12.Veryoftenwecantellothers'profession,personality,socioeconomicstatus,educationallevelandmanyotherthingsaccordingtothewaythey______themselves.Sopolicemenandsoldiersarereadilyidentifiablefromtheiruniforms.13.TheEnglishspeakingpeopleusetheword"chicken"metaphoricallytorefertoa______.14.Theidiomaticexpression"tomisstheboat"means"______".A.tolosetheopportunitytodoorobtainsomethingB.tosaysomethingembarrassingC.tohaveanangryattitudeD.tosaysomethingwrongorunsuitable15.Ininformal,situations,Englishspeakerstendtoaddressothersbyusingtheir______names.16.______illustratesanadditiverelationbetweenthetwosentences.A.Myclientsayshedoesnotknowthiswitness.Further,hedenieseverhavingseenher.B.Allthefigureswerecorrect.OnlyIdon'tknowhowtoplay.C."ShallwetryanotherfigureoftheLobsterQuadrille?"theCryphonwenton."OrwouldyouliketheMockTurtletosingyouasong?"D.Treatingpeopleasresponsiblecitizensbringsaboutthebestinthem;theybehaveassuch.Inthesamewayifyoutreatthemascriminalstheywillsoonbegintoactlikecriminals.17.IntheUnitedStates,theblackpeopleareoftenreferredtoas"______"inwhichthecolouroftheirskinthatcausedthemtroublesandsufferingsisnotmentionedinEnglisheuphemisms.A.niggersB.NegroesC.theblackD.AfricanAmericans18.Whenwesaythatlanguageis______,wemeanthatthelanguageisrulegoverned.A.systematicB.arbitraryC.vocalD.symbolic19.AlargeportionofbrandnamesinEnglishadvertisingarenewlyinventedwordsor______.A.loanwordsB.technicaltermsC.coinagesD.placenames20.TheEnglishequivalentsto"副"inChineseare______.A.lieutenantB.underC.deputyD.vice21.WhatarethecontrastsbetweenEnglishandChinesecomplimentsandresponses?22.您有何贵干?23.Apersonorthingsuddenlyliftedfromobscuritytohonourorsignificancecanbereferredtoasa______.A.CinderellaB.CleopatraC.RomeoD.DonJuan24.TheEnglishfunctionalequivalentto"您有何高见"is"______".25.______consistsofassociationsawordgetsfromthosewordsthatareoftenusedtogetherwithit.A.ThematicmeaningB.CollocativemeaningC.AffectivemeaningD.Connotativemeaning26.CouldyousaysomethingaboutthelanguagefeaturesofEnglishadvertising?27.Many,thoughnotall,swearwordsinEnglisharerelatedto______.A.ChristianityB.Greco-RomanmythologyC.sexismD.racism28.IntheChineseutterance"请多提宝贵意见","宝贵"isusedtoshowspeaker's______.A.emphasisB.warningC.politenessD.respect29.IfaChinesepatslightlyhisownstomachbyoneorbothopenhandsafterameal,hemeans"______".A.I'mfullB.I'mhungryC.ComehereD.Thankyou30."Underprivileged"isaeuphemismfor______.A.poorB.sickC.unemployedD.handicapped31.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisright?A.Hypotacticlanguageisunambiguousandparatacticlanguageisambiguous.B.HypotacticlanguagelikeEnglishreliesonconjunctionsforsentenceconstruction.C.ParatacticlanguagelikeChineseneverreliesonconjunctionsforsentenceconstruction.D.HypotacticandparatacticrelationscanbefoundinbothEnglishandChinese.32.Acolddishofrawvegetableswithadressingiscalled______.A.hamburgerB.sandwichC.saladD.pudding33."Thelittleparceloflightofoneparticularfrequencyinwhichradiantenergyisdeliveredissometimescalleda'lightdart',butismoregenerallyknownasaphoton."

TheabovesentenceshowsthatinEnglishforscienceandtechnology,thereisfrequentuseof______."A.nominalizationB.non-finiteverbsC.non-finiteverbphrasesD.passivesentences34.Theword"young"isassociatedwith"______"inEnglishculture.A.vigorousB.creativeC.inexperiencedD.flexible35.Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability．36.WhichofthefollowingexpressionsrelatetothehistoricalaspectsofEnglishculture?A.TheMayFlower.B.GreatVictoriaDesert.C.ContinentalCongress.D.Congress.37.TheyarecharacteristicsoforalEnglishEXCEPT______.A.thespeakerisoftenlessexplicitthanthewriterB.therearemanyheavilypremodifiednounphrasesC.passivesarerareD.thespeakermayreplaceorrefineexpressionsashegoesalong38.Abookwithnamesofwell-knownpersons,especiallygovernmentofficialsisa______inAmericanEnglish.A.yellowbookB.bluebookC.whitebookD.greenbook39.disadvantagedfamilies40."______"derivedfromcock-fighting,isasymboloffear,cowardiceortimidity.41.InEnglishcultureonecanformanOwithone'sthumbandforefingerwhilestretchingouttheotherthreefingerstosignify"______".A.It'smeB.ComehereC.OKD.Yes42.Thefollowingexpressionsaretheeuphemismsfor"death"or"die"inEnglishandChineseEXCEPT______.A.goeastB.passawayC.圆寂D.离开了我们43.Customs,habitsand______patternshavebeenconventionalizedinpeople'sdailyinterpersonalcommunicationandareaveryimportantpartofculture.44.Nonverbalmessagescanbeusedtoaccentoremphasize.distinctpointsinverbalmessages.Whichofthefollowingaretheexamplesofaccenting?A.Sayingsomethingquickerthanusual.B.Pausingbeforesayingsomething.C.Sayingsomethinginalowervoicethanusual.D.Sayingsomethinglouderthanusual.45."______"isthetranslationequivalentof"socialsciences".46.Thelogicalrelationshipsbetweenadjoiningsentencescanbe______relations.A.descriptiveB.additiveC.causalD.temporal47.Thegestureofthumbdown(withone'sarmcrookedinfrontofthebodyandthumbstretcheddownwardwhiletheotherfingersmakingafist)isthenonverbalwaytosay______.A.YesB.OKC.NoD.Great48.Accordingtoitscontent,alettercontains______.A.thepurposeofwritingtheletterB.supportinginformationC.sender'saddressD.aroutineremark49.AnEnglishnewsreportnormallyconsistsofaheadline,a______andastory.50.Inrelationtovocativeandculture,whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesNotcoverthetruthinlife?A.BothinEnglishandChinese"mother","father","grandmother"and"grandfather"arenormallyusedaloneasformsofaddress.B.InEnglish"uncle"and"aunt"areseldomusedtogetherwiththeaddressee'sgivenname.C.BothinEnglishandChinese,therearealargequantityofvocativesavailabletoaddresstostrangers.D.SomevocativesusedtoaddresstostrangersaremoreextensivelyusedintheUnitedKingdomthanintheUnitedStates.第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：Goodbye2.参考答案：ABC[解析]语言的重要特性有：语言是系统的；语言是任意的；语言是符号的；语言是有声的；语言是人类独有的；语言是用来交际的；语言是用来认识和描述世界的；语言是文化信息的载体和容器。由此可以看出语言与文化是紧密联系的，故D项说法错误。3.参考答案：B主要考查英语词汇与易被误认为是它们的对应词的汉语词汇的差别。“busybody”指探听别人的事情，爱管闲事的人。不译成“大忙人”，应译成“爱管闲事的人”或者“多事的人”，含贬义。4.参考答案：traveler5.参考答案：Historical6.参考答案：AD[解析]明喻是两者或更多不同事物之间的直接比较，一般用“like”或“as”引导。A、D两项属于明喻。7.参考答案：C[解析]因果关系涉及两方面：原因和结果。可以用于表示因果关系的语篇连接词包括“thus”，“hence”，“therefore”，“because”，“otherwise”，“so”等，题干中的句子前后为因果关系。8.参考答案：Christmasbox9.参考答案：B[考点]本题主要考查语篇的发展模式。

直线型(linear)发展模式采用直接的写作方式，而螺旋型(spiral)发展模式采用间接的写作方式。10.参考答案：A本题主要考查英语成语。英语成语与英语文化密切相关，英语成语的意思不能按字面意思来解释。“tomoveheavenandearthtodosomething”与汉语里的“费了九牛二虎之力”以及“连吃奶的劲儿都使上了”意思比较接近。11.参考答案：Journalesedoesnotrefertojustanythingthatappearsinnewspapersormagazinesoranythingthatiswrittenbyajournalist.Theprimaryfunctionofnewspapersandmagazinesistoinformorreportnews.Sojournalesemeansthelanguageofnewspaperreporting.12.参考答案：dress13.参考答案：coward14.参考答案：A[考点]本题主要考查英语中成语的意思。

Tomisstheboat:losetireopportunitytodoorobtainsomething(失去得到采物或做某件事的机会，坐失良机)。15.参考答案：given16.参考答案：ACD本题主要考查毗邻的两个句子之间的关系。毗邻的两个句子之间的关系可分为四大类：附加关系、转折关系、因果关系和时间关系。附加关系(Additiverelations)指后一句子对前一句子添加补充信息。A、C、D三项属于附加关系。17.参考答案：D主要考查英语中的委婉语。许多英语委婉语用于指社会地位低下的人。在美国，黑人过去常被白人种族主义者称为niggers。在那时，Negroes就是委婉语，继而被theblackpeople取而代之。现在他们常被称为AfricanAmericans，这一委婉语掩饰了过去曾给他们带来许多灾难和痛苦的皮肤颜色。18.参考答案：A[解析]当我们说语言是系统的时，我们的意思是语言是受规则制约的。19.参考答案：C本题主要考查英语广告商标名称的特点。许多西方产品都以设计者或厂商的名字命名，很多品牌名称是新发明的词或新造词汇，许多品牌名称听起来具有异国情调，且有些品牌名称让人意想不到。loanwords“借词”：technicalterms“术语”；coinages“新造词汇”；placenames“地名”。20.参考答案：ABCD[考点]本题主要考查英语和汉语中对应词的搭配意义。

在英语中和“副”对应的词有vice，associate，deputy，lieutenant，under等。21.参考答案：ThereareculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesecomplimentsandresponses.Culturaldifferencesexistfirstinwhocanbecomplimented.InEnglishspeakingcountriesonecanpraisemembersofone'sownfamily．However,thismightconsideredbadtasteinChina.Culturaldifferencesalsoexistinwhatcanbecomplimented.ItisquitecommontoramaleEnglishspeakertocomplimentfemalesontheirgoodlooks.However,itisalmostatabooinChineseculture.Strikingculturaldifferencesexistinhowtorespondcompliments.Unlessthecomplimentisobviouslyuntrue,Englishspeakerstendtoacceptcomplimentswithappreciationbecausetheirculturevaluesagreementamonginterlocutors.Incontrast,ChinesespeakerstendtorefusecomplimentsbecauseChineseculturevaluesmodesty.22.参考答案：Whatbringsyouhere?23.参考答案：A[考点]本题主要考查英语文学典故。

[解析]英语中有很多来自文学，特别是莎士比亚戏剧的典故。aCinderella(灰姑娘)指才干或美貌尚未被人赏识或者埋没者突然被发现成为瞩目者；aCleopatra(克娄巴特拉)指绝色美女；aRomeo(罗密欧)指漂亮的年轻男士，热情奔放，很会讨女人欢心；ADonJuan(唐璜)指风流浪子，玩弄女性的人。24.参考答案：What'syouropinion25.参考答案：B[解析]搭配意义是词语经常与它同时出现的词语搭配时所产生的联想意义。26.参考答案：Ithasphonetic,lexical,grammaticalandsemanticfeatures.27.参考答案：A[考点]主要考查对英语诅咒语的了解。

许多英语诅咒语都与基督教中的名字或词语有关。这一现象是自然的，因为swear本身的意思就是“以神灵的名字诅咒”。另外，英语中的诅咒语一般是固定的词组。28.参考答案：CD[解析]“请多提宝贵意见”中的“宝贵”是用来表示礼貌或尊敬的。这句话的意思是，任何意见或建议都将被认为是有价值的，都将被感谢。29.参考答案：A本题主要考查对标志类手势的理解。标志类手势是有目的的行为，它们所表示的意义是社会成员的共识。饭后表示“我吃饱了”，中国人会用手轻轻地在肚子上拍几下。30.参考答案：A[考点]本题主要考查委婉语的用法。

poor的委婉语包括needy，under-privileged，disadvantaged等。31.参考答案：BD主要考查对形合关系和意合关系的了解。一般说来，英语是形合连接的语言，汉语是意合连接的语言。就句子而言，形合连接是通过连接词把句子成分连接起来；意合连接是指通过并列、标点、语调等手段使句子成分在意义上连接起来，而不是通过使用连接词。但是，英语和汉语中都既有形合连接也有意合连接。32.参考答案：C本题主要考查和生活方式有关的英语词汇。salad(色拉)：西餐中的凉拌菜，特别是生的绿色蔬菜等，一般佐以拌色拉的调味汁(调味油、醋、芥末等)。33.参考答案：D[解析]被动句常用于科技英语中，以使讨论的事实、过程、操作、概念或原理更加突出。题干中被动句的反复使用使此篇科技英语文章显得更加客观。34.参考答案：ABD[解析]在英语文化中，“年轻”一词与“充满活力的、创造性的、灵活的”联系在一起。35.参考答案：求知可以作为消遣，可以作为装潢，可以增长才干。36