2019年12月英语四级考试真题试卷附答案卷三

2019年12月英语四级考试真题试卷附答案(第3套)PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoaforeignfriendwhowantstostudyinChina.Pleaserecommendauniversitytohim.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)说明：由于2019年12月四级考试全国共考了两套听力,本套真题听力与前两套内容相同,只是选项顺序不同,因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Whentravellingoverseas,doyoubuywaterinplasticbottlesortakeyourchanceswithtapwater?ImagineyouarewanderingaboutonaThaiislandor__26__theruinsofAngkor.It'shotsoyougrababottleofwaterfromalocalvendor.It'sthesafethingtodo,right?Thebottleis__27__,andthelabelsays"purewater".Butmaybewhat'sinsideisnotso__28__.Wouldyoustillbedrinkingitifyouknewthatmorethan90percentofallbottledwatersoldaroundtheworld__29__microplastics?That'stheconclusionofarecently__30__study,whichanalysed259bottlesfrom11brandssoldinninecountries,__31__anaverageof325plasticparticlesperlitreofwater.Thesemicroplasticsincludeda__32__commonlyknownasPETandwidelyusedinthemanufactureofclothingandfoodand__33__containers.ThestudywasconductedattheStateUniversityofNewYorkonbehalfofOrbMedia,ajournalismorganisation.Aboutamillionbottlesareboughteveryminute,notonlybythirstytouristsbutalsobymanyofthe2.1billionworldwidewholivewithunsafedrinkingwater.Confrontedwiththis__34__,severalbottled-watermanufacturersincludingNestleandCoca-Colaundertooktheirownstudiesusingthesamemethodology.Thesestudiesshowedthattheirwaterdidcontainmicroplastics,butfarlessthantheOrbstudysuggested.Regardless,theWorldHealthOrganisationhaslaunchedareviewintothe__35__healthrisksofdrinkingwaterfromplasticbottles.A)adequateE)evidenceI)naturalM)sealed

B)admiringF)instantJ)potentialN)solves

C)containsG)liquidK)releasedO)substance

D)defendingH)modifiedL)revealing

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.EachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphsIdentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ThequietheroismofmaildeliveryA)OnWednesday,apolarwindbroughtbittercoldtotheMidwest.Overnight,Chicagoreachedalowof21degreesFahrenheitbelowzero,makingitslightlycolderthanAntarctica,Alaska,andtheNorthPole.Windchillswere64degreesbelowzeroinParkRapids,Minnesota,and45degreesbelowzeroinBuffalo,NorthDakata,accordingtotheNationalWeatherService.Schools,restaurants,andbusinessclosed,andmorethat1000flightswerecanceled.B)EventheUnitedStatesPostalService(USPS)suspendedmaildelivery."DuetothisarcticoutbreakandconcernsforthesafetyofUSPSemployees,"USPSannouncedWednesdaymorning,"thePostalServiceissuspendingdeliveryJan.30insome3-digitZIPCodelocations."TwelveregionswerelistedasunsafeonWednesday;onThursday,eightremained.C)Asglobalsurfacetemperaturesincrease,sodoesthelikelihoodofextremeweather.In2018alone,wildfires,volcaniceruptions,hurricanes,mudslides,andothernaturaldisasterscostatleast$49billionintheUnitedStates.AsmycolleagueVannNewkirkreported,PuertoRicoisstillconfrontingeconomicandstructuraldestructionandresourcescarcityfrom2017'sHurricaneMaria.Naturaldisasterscanwreckacommunity'sinfrastructure,disruptingsystemsformonthsoryears.Someservices,however,remindusthatlifewilleventuallyreturn,insomeform,tonormal.D)Daysafterthedeadly2017wildfiresinSantaRosa,California,adrone(无人机)caughtfootage(连续镜头)ofaUSPSworker,TrevorSmith,drivingthroughburnedhomesinthatfamiliarwhitevan,collectingmailinanaffectedarea.Thevideoisstriking:Theoperationisfamiliar,butthescenelooksliketheendoftheworld.AccordingtoRaeAnnHaight,theprogrammanagerforthenational-preparednessofficeatUSPS,Smithwasfulfillingarequestmadebysomeofthehomeownerstopickupanymailthatwasleftuntouched.ForSmith,thiswasjustanotherdayonthejob."IfollowedmyroutelikeInormallydo,"Smithtoldareporter."AsIcameacrossaboxthatwasupbutwithnohouse,Ichecked,andtherewasmail--outgoingmail--init.AndsoIpickedthoseupandcarriedon."E)USPShassophisticatedemergencyplansfornaturaldisasters.Acrossthecountry,285emergency-managementteamsaredevotedtocrisiscontrol.TheseteamsaretrainedannuallyusingaframeworkknownasthethreePs:people,property,product.Aftermailservicestopsduetoweather,theagency'stoppriorityisensuringthatemployeesaresafe.Thenitevaluatesthehealthofinfrastructure,suchastheroadsthatmailcarriersdriveon.Finally,itdecideswhenandhowtore-openoperations.Ifthedestructionisextreme,mailaddressedtotheareawillgetsentelsewhere.InresponsetoHurricaneKatrinain2005,USPSredirectedincomingNewOrleansmailtoexistingmailfacilitiesinHouston.MailthatwasalreadyprocessedinNewOrleansfacilitieswasmovedtoanupperfloorsoitwouldbeprotectedfromwaterdamage.F)Assoonasit'ssafeenoughtobeoutside,couriers(邮递员)startdistributingaccumulatedmailonthestill-accessibleroutes.USPSurgesthosewithoutstandingaddressestofilechange-of-addressformswiththeirnewlocation.AfterHurricaneKatrinahitin2005,mailfacilitiesweresetupindozensoflocationsacrossthecountryinthetwoweeksthatUSPSwasunabletoprovidestreetdelivery.G)Everyday,USPSprocesses,onaverage,493.4millionpiecesofmail--anythingfrompostcardstoSocialSecuritycheckstomedicine.SpokespeoplefrombothUSPSandUPStoldmeallmailisimportant.Butsomemailcanbeextremelysensitiveandtimely.AccordingtodatareleasedinJanuary2017,56percentofbillsarepaidonline,whichmeansthatjustunderhalfofpaymentsstillrelyondeliveryservicestobecompleted.H)ItcanbehardtoidentifywhichparcelsarecarryingcrucialitemssuchasSocialSecuritychecks,butUSPSandUPStrytheirbesttoprioritizesensitivematerial.TheywillcoordinatewiththeSocialSecurityAdministrationtomakesurethatSocialSecuritychecksreachtherightpeopleinatimelyfashion.AfterHurricaneFlorenceandHurricaneMichaellastfall,USPSworkedwithstateandlocalelectionboardstomakesurethatabsenteeballotswereavailableandreceivedontime.I)Mailcompaniesarelogistics(物流)companies,whichputstheminaspecialpositiontohelpwhendisasterstrikes.Ina2011USPScasestudy,theagencyemphasizeditsmassiveinfrastructureasa"uniquefederalasset"tobecalleduponinadisasterorterroristattack."Ithinkwe'reuniqueasafederalagency,"USPSofficialMikeSwigarttoldme,"becausewe'reinliterallyeverycommunityinthiscountry...We'reobligatedtodelivertothatpointonadailybasis."J)Privatecouriercompanies,whichhavemoredollarstospend,usetheirexpertiseinlogisticstohelprevitalizedamagedareasafteradisaster.Formorethanadecade,FedExhassupportedtheAmericanRedCrossinitsefforttogetemergencysuppliestoareasaffectedbydisasters,bothdomesticallyandinternationally.In2012,thecompanydistributedmorethan1,200MedPackstoMedicalReserveCorpsgroupsinCalifornia.Theyalsodonatedspacefor3.1millionpoundsofcharitableshippingglobally.LastOctober,thecompanypledged$1millionincashandtransportationsupportforHurricanesFlorenceandMichael.UPS'scharitablearm,theUPSFoundation,usesthecompany'slogisticstohelpdisaster-struckareasrebuild."Werealizethatasacompanywithpeople,trucks,warehouses,weneededtoplayalargerrole,"saidEduardoMartinez,thepresidentoftheUPSFoundation.Thecompanyemploysitstrucksandplanestodeliverfood,medicine,andwater.ThedaybeforeIspoketoMartinezinNovember,hehadbeentouringthedamagefromHurricaneMichaelinFloridawiththeAmericanRedCross."Wehaveanobligationtomakesureourcommunitiesarethriving,"hesaid.K)Rebuildingcantakealongtime,andeventhen,impressionsofthedisastermaystillremain.Returningtoanormallifecanbedifficult,butsomesmallroutines--maildeliverybeingoneofthem--mayhelpresidentsrememberthattheircommunitiesarestilltheircommunities."Whentheyseethatcarrierbackoutonthestreet,"Swigartsaid,"that'sthefirstsigntothemthatlifeisstartingtoreturntonormal."TheUnitedStatesPostalServicehasasystemtoensureitsemployees'safety.

37.OneofficialsaysUSPSisuniqueinthatithasmoredirectreachtocommunitiescomparedwithotherfederalagencies.

38.Naturaldisasterscanhavealong-lastingimpactoncommunitylife.

39.Maildeliveryserviceisstillresponsibleforthecompletionofalmosthalfofpayments.

40.Thesightofamailmanonthestreetisareassuringsignoflifebecomingnormalagain.

41.AfterHurricaneKatrinainterruptedroutinedelivery,temporarymailservicepointsweresetup.

42.PostalserviceinsomeregionsintheU.S.wassuspendedduetoextremecoldweather.

43.Privatepostalcompaniesalsosupportdisasterreliefeffortsbydistributingurgentsupplies.

44.AdedicatedUSPSemployeewasonthejobcarryingoutdutiesinspiteofextremeconditions.

45.Postalservicesworkhardtoidentifyitemsthatrequireprioritytreatment.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ProfessorAshokGoelofGeorgiaTechdevelopedanartificiallyintelligentteachingassistanttohelphandletheenormousnumberofstudentquestionsintheonlineclass,Knowledge-BasedArtificialIntelligence.ThisonlinecourseisacorerequirementofGeorgiaTech'sonlineMasterofScienceinComputerScienceprogram.ProfessorGoelalreadyhadeightteachingassistants,butthatwasn'tenoughtodealwiththeoverwhelmingnumberofdailyquestionsfromstudents.Manystudentsdropoutofonlinecoursesbecauseofthelackofteachingsupport.Whenstudentsfeelisolatedorconfusedandreachoutwithquestionsthatgounanswered,theirmotivationtocontinuebeginstofade.ProfessorGoeldecidedtodosomethingtoremedythissituationandhissolutionwastocreateavirtualassistantnamedJillWatson,whichisbasedontheIBMWatsonplatform.GoelandhisteamdevelopedseveralversionsofJillWatsonbeforereleasinghertotheonlineforums.Atfirst,thevirtualassistantwasn'ttoogreat.ButGoelandhisteamsourcedtheonlinediscussionforumtofindallthe40,000questionsthathadeverbeenaskedsincetheclasswaslaunched.ThentheybegantofeedJillwiththequestionsandanswers.Aftersomeadjustmentsandsufficienttime,Jillwasabletoanswerthestudents'questionscorrectly97%ofthetime.Thevirtualassistantbecamesoadvancedandrealisticthatthestudentsdidn'tknowshewasacomputer.Thestudents,whowerestudyingartificialintelligence,wereinteractingwiththevirtualassistantandcouldn'ttellitapartfromarealhumanbeing.Goeldidn'tinformthemaboutJill'strueidentityuntilApril26.Thestudentswereactuallyverypositiveabouttheexperience.ThegoalofProfessorGoel'svirtualassistantnextyearistotakeoveranswering40%ofallthequestionsposedbystudentsontheonlineforum.ThenameJillWatsonwill,ofcourse,changetosomethingelsenextsemester.ProfessorGoelhasamuchrosieroutlookonthefutureofartificialintelligencethan,say,ElonMusk,StephenHawking,BillGatesorSteveWozniak.WhatdowelearnaboutKnowledge-BasedArificialItelligence?

A)Itisarobotthatcananswerstudents'questions.

B)Itisacoursedesignedforstudentstolearnonline.

C)Itisahigh-techdevicethatrevolutionizesteaching.

D)Itisacomputerprogramthataidsstudentlearning.WhatproblemdidProfessorGoelmeetwith?

A)Hisstudentswereunsatisfiedwiththeassistants.

B)Hiscoursewastoodifficultforthestudents.

C)Students'questionsweretoomanytohandle.

D)Toomanystudentsdroppedoutofhiscourse.WhatdowelearnaboutJillWatson?

A)Sheturnedouttobeagreatsuccess.

B)Shegotalongprettywellwithstudents.

C)Shewasunwelcometostudentsatfirst.

D)Shewasreleasedonlineasanexperiment.HowdidthestudentsfeelaboutJillWatson?

A)Theythoughtshewasabittooartificial.

B)Theyfoundhernotascapableasexpected.

C)Theycouldnotbutadmireherknowledge.

D)Theycouldnottellherfromarealperson.50.WhatdoesProfessorGoelplantodonextwithJillWatson?

A)Launchdifferentversionsofheronline.

B)Feedherwithnewquestionsandanswers.

C)Assignhertoanswermoreofstudents'questions.

D)Encouragestudentstointeractwithhermorefreely.PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thinkingsmall,beingengaging,andhavingasenseofhumordon'thurt.Thoseareafewofthetraitsofsuccessfulsciencecrowdfundingeffortsthatemergefromarecentstudythatexaminednearly400campaigns.Buthavingalargenetworkandsomepromotionalskillsmaybemorecrucial.Crowdfunding,raisingmoneyforaprojectthroughonlineappeals,hastakenoffinrecentyearsforeverythingfrommakingmoviestoproducingwater-savinggadgets.ScientistshavetriedtotapInternetdonors,too,withmixedsuccess.Someraisedmorethantwicetheirgoals,butothershavefallenshortofreachingevenmodesttargets.Todeterminewhatseparatessciencecrowdfundingtriumphsfromfailures,ateamledbysciencecommunicationsscholarMikeSch?feroftheUniversityofZurichexaminedthecontentofthewebpagesfor371recentcampaigns.Fourtraitsstoodoutforthosethatachievedtheirgoals,theresearchersreportinPublicUnderstandingofScience.Forone,theyuseacrowdfundingplatformthatspecializesinraisingmoneyforscience,andnotjustanykindofproject.AlthoughsiteslikeKickstartertakeallcomers,platformssuchasEandPonlypresentscientificprojects.Foranother,theypresenttheprojectwithafunnyvideobecausegoodvisualsandasenseofhumorimprovedsuccess.Mostofthemengagewithpotentialdonors,sinceprojectsthatansweredquestionsfrominteresteddonorsfaredbetter.Andtheytargetasmallamountofmoney.Theprojectsincludedinthestudyraised$4,000onaverage,with30%receivinglessthan$1,000.Themoremoneyaprojectsought,thelowerthechanceitreacheditsgoal,theresearchersfound.Otherfactorsmayalsosignificantlyinfluenceaproject'ssuccess,mostnotably,thesizeofascientist'spersonalandprofessionalnetworks,andhowmucharesearcherpromotesaprojectontheirown.Thosetwofactorsarebyfarmorecriticalthanthecontentonthepage.Crowdfundingcanbepartofresearchers'effortstoreachthepublic,andpeoplegivebecause"theyfeelaconnectiontotheperson"whoisdoingthefundraising—notnecessarilytothescience.Whatdowelearnaboutthescientiststryingtoraisemoneyonlinefortheirprojects?

A)Theydidnotraisemuchduetomodesttargets.

B)Theymadeuseofmixedfundraisingstrategies.

C)Notallofthemachievedtheiranticipatedgoals.

D)Mostofthemputmoviesonlineforthepurpose.WhatisthepurposeofMikeSchafer'sresearchofrecentcrowdfundingcampaigns?

A)Tocreateattractivecontentforsciencewebsites.

B)Toidentifyreasonsfortheirdifferentoutcomes.

C)Tohelpscientiststolaunchinnovativeprojects.

D)Toseparatescienceprojectsfromgeneralones.Whattraitcontributestothesuccessofacrowdfiundingcampaign?

A)Thepotentialbenefittofuturegenerations.

B)Itsinteractionwithprospectivedonors.

C)Itsoriginalityinaddressingfinancialissues.

D)Thevalueoftheproposedproject.Whatdidtheresearchersthinkofthefinancialtargetsofcrowdfundingprojects?

A)Theyshouldbesmalltobesuccessful.

B)Theyshouldbebasedonactualneeds.

C)Theyshouldbeassessedwithgreatcare.

D)Theyshouldbeambitioustogainnotice.55.Whatmotivatespeopletodonateinacrowdfundingcampaign?

A)Theeaseofaccesstothecontentofthewebpage.

B)Theirdesiretocontributetothecauseofscience.

C)Thesignificanceandinfluenceoftheprojectitself.

D)Theirfeelingofconnectiontothescientiststhemselves.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。和睦的大家庭曾非常令人羡慕。过去四代同堂并不少见。由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。今天，这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。但他们之间的联系仍然很密切。许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题解析（三）PartIWritingDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoaforeignfriendwhowantstolearnChinese.Pleaserecommendaplacetohim.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.审题分析从体裁上看，这道题考查的是四级写作中出题概率较低的应用文－信件。此前，四级真题中考查过的应用文有信件、广告和新闻报道这三种形式。在2019年6月的四级考试中，刚刚考查过应用文的书写，本次四级考试再次考查，也证明了四六级考试的反押题倾向－很多教育机构和学生认为上次刚考过，这次肯定不会再考，结果出题人偏偏逆之而行，导致很多没有准备应用文的同学无从下笔。对于押题的套路与反套路，我们只有掌握了各种类型作文的写法，夯实语言基础，才能无所畏惧，从容应对四级写作。从话题上看，这道题涉及的是考生较为熟悉的教育类话题，要求我们给想要学中文的外国友人推荐一个地方。用于描述话题的单词都比较简单，审题没有障碍。虽然题意比较清楚，但考生仍要注意信件类作文的特殊结构、格式和语体。信件包含称呼、正文、结束语和签名四个部分。根据英文信件的规范格式：称呼应当位于信件的左上角，后跟逗号；结束语和签名位于信件的右下角，其中结束语也需要后跟逗号。另外，根据收件人的不同，信件也分为公务信函和私人信函。这些都是信件类作文的得分点，如果以上内容出现错误，必定会影响作文的整体得分。结合本题，题目要求考生给外国朋友写信，因此这封信件属于私人信函。无论信件的类型如何，考生都需要格外注意信件类作文的一大特点－礼貌，在书写时尽量做到彬彬有礼。写作提纲1.第一段交代写信背景，表明写信目的－推荐地点。2.第二段详细介绍推荐理由：1)南京图书馆馆藏丰富，能够直接接触中文文化的精髓；2)图书馆定期举办的读书交流活动可以提升学习者的阅读、听力和口语能力。3.第三段使用客套话，望推荐被采纳，并祝福对方。范文写作①DearEric,②KnowingthatyouarecomingtoChinatoimproveyourChinese,IwanttowriteyouthislettertorecommendNanjingLibrarytoyou,thebestplacetolearnChinese.③Thereasonsformyrecommendationareasfollows.④Foronething,NanjingLibraryisoneofChina\'slargestandoldestlibraries.Ithousesimportantscientific,culturalandartsliteraturerelatingtobothancientandmodernChinese.⑤Withafreemembercard,youcanhaveaccesstothe100,000volumesofbooksanddocuments,whichwouldundoubtedlyenableyoutocxperiencetheessenceofauthenticChineseculture.⑥Foranother,literarysalonsandreadingevents,inwhichpeopleusuallyexchangetheirideas,areheldbythelibraryeveryweek.⑦Attendingsuchactivitieswillhelpyoumakeprogressinnotonlyreading,butalsolisteningandspeaking.⑧SinceNanjingLibraryissuchasuitableplaceforyoutopracticeChinese,Istronglyrecommendittoyou.⑨IbelieveyoucanbeproficientinChinesethroughyourpersistentefforts!Yourssincerely,LiMing范文点评①信件左上角写称呼，私人信件一般使用“Dear+人名”的形式，并加上逗号。②信件开头段交代背景并表明写作目的。“Knowingthat...”是分词做状语的形式，“Iwanttowriteyouthislettertorecommend...”是推荐信开头表明写信目的的模板句型。③主体段开始介绍推荐的具体理由。这句话是主体段的总领句，用于引出下文。④该句介绍推荐的第一个理由：南京图书馆历史悠久藏书丰富，是体会中国文化精髓的绝佳场所。⑤“withafreemembercard”是介词短语做状语；“haveaccessto...”这一短语意为“可以接近······;能够获得·····.”；“whichwouldundoubtedlyenableyouto...”是非限制性定语从句，修饰对象为前面的整句话。⑥该句介绍推荐的第二个理由：南京图书馆经常举办读书交流活动，参加活动可以提升听力口语能力。“inwhich...”是关系副词引导的定语从句，相当于“where”。⑦“attendingsuchactivities”是动名词做主语的结构；“notonly...butalso...”表示“不仅···而且⑧结尾段总结上文并再次重申写信目的。“since”在此处引导原因状语从句；“Istronglyrecommendittoyou.”是推荐信的模板句型。⑨信件最后为对方送上美好祝福。⑩信件右下角写结束语，常见的结束语有“Yourssincerely”“Yourstruly”“Yours”等等，注意结束语后面要加上逗号。⑪信件右下角结束语下一行写签名，根据题目要求署名即可。精彩词汇recommendationn.推荐undoubtedlyadv.确实地，毋庸置疑地housev.给······提供场地essencen.本质；精华authenticadj.真正的；真实的makeprogressin...在······方面取得进步literarysalons文学沙龙suitableadj.合适的haveaccessto...可获得······;接近······proficientadj.精通的；熟练的volumen.(书籍的）卷persistentadj.坚持不懈的；执著的,bns范文翻译亲爱的艾瑞克：知道你要来中国学中文，我想写信给你推荐南京图书馆，它是你学习中文的绝佳场所。我推荐的理由如下。一方面，南京图书馆是中国最大也是历史最悠久的图书馆之一。它收藏了有关中国古代与现代的重要科技、文化、艺术方面的文献。只要一张免费的会员卡，你就可以接触到100,000卷书籍与文件，这无疑能够让你感受到纯正中国文化的精髓。另一方面，图书馆每周都会举办文学沙龙和读书活动，人们在其中交流观点。参加这些活动将会帮助你不仅仅是在阅读，还有听力和口语方面都取得进步。鉴于南京图书馆非常适合你去练习中文，我强烈推荐它给你。我相信通过不懈的努力，你一定可以精通中文！你真诚的，李明PartIIIReadingComprehensionSectionA词性分析名词：evidence(证据）、instant(瞬间；片刻）、liquid(液体）、potential(潜力）、substance(物质）动词：admiring(羡慕；欣赏）、contains(包含）、defending(防御；防卫）、evidence(证明）、modified(修改）、released(释放）、revealing(揭露）、sealed(密封）、solves(解决）形容词：adequate(充足的）、admiring(赞赏的，羡慕的）、defending(防御的）、instant(立即的）、liquid(液态的）、modified(改进的；修改的）、natural(自然的）、potential(潜在的）、revealing(透露真情的）、sealed(密封的）参考译文去国外旅游时，你是买塑料瓶装水喝还是冒险喝自来水呢？想象一下，你正在泰国一个岛屿上闲逛或者正［26]欣赏吴哥遗址。天气很热，于是你到当地小贩那里买了一瓶水。瓶子是［27]密封的，标签上写着“纯净水”，没什么问题，对吧？但其实瓶子里面装的水可能并不是那么［28]天然。如果你道全世界出售的90%以上的瓶装水都［29含有塑料微粒，你还会喝吗？近期［30]发布的一项研究分析了在9个国家出售的11个不同品牌的259瓶纯净水，结果［31]表明平均每升水中含有325个塑料微粒。这些塑料微粒包括一种［32]物质，一般被称为PET,它被广泛应用于服装、食品和［33]液体容器生产中。该研究受一个叫“星球媒体（OrbMedia)”的新闻组织委托在纽约州立大学进行。全球每分钟大约有一百万瓶水售出，购买者不仅仅是那些口渴的游客，还有许多是生活在缺乏安全饮用水地区的人，世界上大约有21亿这样的人。面对这些研究［34]证据，几个瓶装水生产商包括雀巢和可口可乐在内，也以同样的方法自行开展了研究。结果表明他们的瓶装水中的确含有塑料微粒，但含量远远低于“星球媒体”发布的数据。尽管如此，世界卫生组织已经对饮用塑料瓶装水的［35]潜在健康危害展开了评估。26.(B)admiring第一步：判断词性“ImagineyouarewanderingaboutonaThaiislandor26:theruinsofAngkor.空格前的“or”连接两个并列结构，而空格后面是名词短语“theruinsofAngkor”，说明空格处应该是和“wandering”相同的结构，即v-ing形式。第二步：上下文线索这句话的意思是“想象你正在一座泰国小岛上闲逛又或是在26吴哥古迹。”在可选的单词中，“admiring”符合句意，表示“欣赏吴哥古迹”，所以B正确。拓展考点知识wanderabout:闲逛admiring的其他形式：admirableadj.令人钦佩的27.(M)sealed第一步：判断词性Thebottleisandthelabelsayspurewater.”,本题and连接两个并列分句，在前一个分句中有主语“thebottle”和系动词“is”，缺少表语，那么空格处可能是形容词或动词的分词形式做表语。第二步：上下文线索前文说到“想象自己闲逛时天气炎热，从当地的摊贩那里买了一瓶水，认为它很安全”。这句话具体解释是因为“瓶子是27,而且标签写着纯净水”。可以推测，空格处的单词可以说明瓶装水安全，那么“sealed(密封的）”符合句意。拓展考点知识sealed的其他形式：sealern.密封层；检验员28.(I)natural第一步：判断词性“Butmaybewhat\'sinsideisnotso28从句子结构分析，这句话有主语“what\'sinside”和系动词“is”，缺少表语，所以空格处可能是形容词或动词的分词形式。第二步：上下文线索句首的but说明这句话和前文讲述的“瓶装水看起来很安全”相反，实际上它并不是像标签写的是纯净水。所以空格处应该填“natural”，说明瓶装水并不完全是天然的。拓展考点知识natural的相关词组：naturalselection:自然选择naturalhabitat:自然栖息地29.(C)contains第一步：判断词性“Wouldyoustillbedrinkingitifyouknewthatmorethan90percentofallbottledwatersoldaroundtheworld29microplastics?”从句子结构分析，that引导的宾语从句中主语是“morethan90percentofallbottledwatersoldaroundtheworld”，宾语是“microplastics”，缺少谓语，所以空格处应该是动词。第二步：上下文线索本句的意思是“如果你知道世界上卖的瓶装水有90%都塑料微粒你还会饮用它吗？”结合前一句说瓶装水并不是纯天然的，空格处应该填“contains”，说明里面含有塑料微粒。拓展考点知识contain的其他形式：containern.容器(K)released第一步：判断词性“That\'stheconclusionofarecently30study,whichanalysed259bottlesfrom11brandssoldinninecountries,31anaverageof325plasticparticlesperlitreofwater.”空格前有冠词“a”和副词“recently”，空格后是名词“study”，所以空格处应该是形容词，或者过去分词，修饰“study”。第二步：上下文线索句子的意思是“这是一项最近30研究得出的结论”，空格处用来说明是什么样的研究。在可选的单词中，“released”符合，表示“最近发布的研究”，因此K正确。拓展考点知识conclusion的相关词组：drawaconclusion:得出结论31.(L)revealing第一步：判断词性“That\'stheconclusionofarecentlyreleasedstudy,whichanalysed259bottlesfrom11brandssoldinninecountries,31anaverageof325plasticparticlesperlitreofwater.”从句子结构分析，“That\'stheconclusionofarecentlyreleasedstudy”是句子主干，结构完整。which引导的定语从句修饰study,31空所在的半句话是句子的状语。空格后是名词短语“anaverageofplasticparticles”，那么空格处应该是动词的分词形式。第二步：上下文线索这句话的意思是“这是一项最近发布的研究得出的结论，该研究分析了11个品牌在9个国家销售的259瓶瓶装水，31平均每升水含325个塑料微粒”。可见，31空所在的半句话是研究的结果，可以推测空格处的意思应该是“显示；揭示”，“revealing”符合句意。拓展考点知识reveal的近义词：unveilv.揭开；显露32.(O）substance第一步：判断词性Thesemicroplasticsincludeda32commonlyknownasPETandwidelyusedinthemanufactureofclothingandfoodand33containers.”空格前是冠词“a”，空格后是分词结构做后置定语修饰空格处单词，所以空格处应该是名词。第二步：上下文线索这句话的意思是“这些塑料微粒包含一种通常被称为聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET)的32”，很明显PET是一种化学物质，所以空格处应该填“substance”。拓展考点知识beknownas:被称为······33.(G)liquid第一步：判断词性“ThesemicroplasticsincludedasubstancecommonlyknownasPETandwidelyusedinthemanufactureofclothingandfoodand33containers.”在这句话中“clothing”“food”和空格处都是“and”连接的并列结构，都修饰“containers”，那么空格处应该填名词。第二步：上下文线索结合前文提及“瓶装水中含有塑料微粒”，以及这句话指出“PET被广泛用于生产服装、食品和33的容器”，空格处应该填“liquid”，表示“液体的容器”。拓展考点知识manufacture的其他形式：manufacturern.制造商；厂商manufactoryn.制造厂；工厂34.(E)evidence第一步：判断词性“Confrontedwiththis34,severalbottled-watermanufacturersincludingNestleandCoca-Colaundertooktheirownstudiesusingthesamemethodology.”从句子结构分析，“Confrontedwiththis34”是从句的状语。空格前有代词“this”，空格处应该填第二步：上下文线索根据句中的“this”可知空格处指代的是前文的内容，前面提到，新发布的研究发现瓶装水中平均每升水含325个塑料微粒，证明了瓶装水不安全。由此可知，空格处应该填“evidence”，指的是前面提到的这一证据。拓展考点知识beconfrontedwith:面对····..35.(J)potential第一步：判断词性“Regardless,theWorldHealthOrganisationhaslaunchedareviewintothe35healthrisksofdrinkingwaterfromplasticbottles.”空格前是定冠词“the”，空格后是名词短语“healthrisks”，所以空格处应该填形容词，修饰“healthrisks.第二步：上下文线索前一句话指出，雀巢和可口可乐自己实施的研究发现它们的瓶装水中塑料微粒的含量没有Orb的研究高，这句话说到“但不论怎样，世界卫生组织已经对塑料瓶装水的35健康危害做了评估。”在可选的单词中，“potential”符合意思，表示“潜在的健康危害”。拓展考点知识与review相关的短语：literaturereview:文献综述bookreview:书评SectionB参考译文邮递业中的无声英雄主义［A]星期三，一股极地风使中西部地区遭受了严寒。一夜之间，芝加哥的温度降至零下21华氏度，比南极洲、阿拉斯加和北极还要冷一些。根据美国国家气象局的报道，明尼苏达州帕克拉皮兹市的风寒指数低至零下64度，北达科他州布法罗则低至零下45度。学校停课，餐馆和商店纷纷停业，一千多个航班被取消。［B]就连美国邮政局（USPS)也暂停了邮件投递。美国邮政局星期三上午宣布：“［42由于严寒突袭，出于对员工安全的考虑，1月30日邮政局将暂停在一些三位数邮编地区的邮递服务。”星期三，有12个地区被列为非安全区域；到星期四还剩下8个。［C]随着全球地表温度升高，出现极端天气的可能性也在增加。仅在2018年，森林大火、火山喷发、飓风、泥石流和其他自然灾害在美国造成的损失至少达490亿美元。正如我的同事范恩·纽柯克所报道的，波多黎各仍经受着2017年飓风“玛丽亚”造成的经济损失、建筑毁坏以及资源匮乏。［38]自然灾害会破坏社区的基础设施，使系统中断数月甚至数年。然而，有些服务提醒我们，生活最终将会以某种形式恢复常态。［D]在2017年加利福尼亚州圣罗莎遭遇严重的森林大火后的几天，［44]一架无人机的镜头拍摄到美国邮政工作人员特雷弗·史密斯的身影，他驾驶着那辆熟悉的白色货车驶过被烧毁的房屋，在受灾地区揽收邮件。这段视频令人震撼，因为这虽是人们常见的事，但场景看起来就像是世界末日。据美国邮政局国家防范工作办公室项目经理瑞伊·安·海特所说，史密斯当时应一些房东提出的要求，去取走未被烧毁的邮件。对于史密斯来说，这只是工作中的一天。“我像往常一样沿着既定路线走。走到一处，房子没了信箱还在，我就检查一下信箱，发现里面还有要寄出的邮件，就将它们取走，继续前行。”史密斯对记者说道