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CartilageCartilagecartilageCartilagetissue
ChondrocyteIntercelluarsubstancesFiberGroundsubstanceCollagenfibrilhyalinecartilageElasticfiberelasticcartilageCollagenfiberfibro-cartilageperichondriumConncectivetissue,containgchondroblastscartilageCartilagetissueCho(1)ChondrocyteLocation:atthecartilage
lacunaeStructure:LM:clearnucleoli,basophiliccytoplasmEM:abundantRERandGolicomplexFunction:synthesizeboththegroundsubstanceandfibersdividetoformclustersofchondrocytes(isogenousgroup)Interstitialgrowth(1)ChondrocyteLocation:at(2)IntercellularsubstanceGroundsubstance:acidsulphatedglycoproteinsbasophilicFibers(3)PerichondriumConncectivetissue,containgchondroblastsChondrocytedifferenciateAppositionalgrowthProtection,providenutrition,(2)IntercellularsubstanceGrHyalinecartilageTheintercellularsubstanceisamorphous:thegroundsubstanceandcollagen(typeIIcollagenfibril)havesimilarrefractiveindices.CartilagecapsuleIsogenousgroupPerichondriumHyalinecartilageTheintercellNumerousbundlesofelasticfibersinthecartilagematrixElasticcartilageNumerousbundlesofelasticfinumerousbundlesofcollagenfibersinthecartilagematrixFibrocartilagenumerousbundlesofcollageBoneBoneBoneOsseoustissueExtracellularmatrixOrganicInorganicCellsOsteoprogenitor/osteogeniccellosteoblastosteocyteosteoclastOsteumBonemarrowFunctions:supportandprotection
participatethemetabolismofcalciumandphosphateions（bonematrix）Redmarrow(active)Yellowmarrow(inactive)BoneOsseoustissueExtracellulaBonematrixOrganiccomponentCollagenfibersGroundsubstance:Glycoproteins,etc.Inorganiccomponent：bonemineral,hydroxyapatitecrystals（Ca10[PO4]6[OH]2)
Collagenfiberslieparalleloneanotherinthegroundsubstancewiththebonemineraldeposition.
osseoustissue（osteoid）BonelamellaBonematrixOrganiccomponentDiagramoftheosseoustissueosteoblastosteoprogenitorosteocyteosteoclastBonelacunaeBonelamellaDiagramoftheosseoustissueo1、osteoprogenitor/osteogeniccell
Location：surfaceoftheosseoustissue
Functions：bonegrowthcontinuousremodellingrepairofbonefracturesCells1、osteoprogenitor/os2、osteoblast
Location：surfaceoftheosseoustissueLM:basophiliccytoplasm,palestainednuclearwithaprominentnucleolusEM:abundantRERandGolgiC.
Functions:synthesizethebonematrix
(collagenfiber,glycoproteins,etc.)
2、osteoblast3、osteocyte
Location：inthebonelamellacellbody---bonelacunaecytoplasmicextensions-----canaliculi
Structure:gapjunctionsbetweentheextensionsFunctions:maintainthedynamicstateofthemineralisedbonematrix;maintainthecalciumhomeostasis3、osteocyteBonelemellaandosteocyteOsteocyteBonelamellaBonelacunaeBonecanaliculiCentralcanalBonelemellaandosteocyteOste4、osteoclast
Localization：depressionsresorbedfromthebonesurfaceLM:multinulei,acidophiliccytoplasmFunctions:osteoclasticresorptioncontributestoboneremodelling;maintainthebloodcalciumhomeostasis(responsetoparathyroidhormoneandcalcitonin)OsteoclasticresorptionCa2+(-)Ca2+4、osteoclastOsteoclasticresorDiagramoftheosseoustissueosteoblastosteoprogenitorosteocyteosteoclastBonelacunaeBonelamellaDiagramoftheosseoustissueoLongboneOsseoustissuePeriosteum,endosteumMarrowcavityArticularcartilageBloodvesselsandnervesspongybonecompactboneLongboneOsseoustissuePeriost19epiphysisepiphysisdiaphysis19epiphysisepiphysisdiaphysisSpongeboneConsistsofanetworkoffine,irregularplatescalledtrabeculaeseparatedbyintercommunicatingspacescontainingbonemarrowTrabeculae:thin,irregularbonelemellawithosteocyteinsidelinedbyendosteumtrabeculaeBonemarrowSpongeboneConsistsofanetwoCompactboneCircumferentiallamellaOuterInner:irregular
Osteon(Haversiansystem)LayersofconcentricbonelamellaedisposedaroundHaversiancanalcontainingblood,lymphaticvesselsandnerves.TheHaversiancanalsinterconnectwithoneanother,andwiththeendosteumandperiosteumviaVolkmann’scanals
interstitiallamellaIrregularlamellaebetweenintactHaversiansystemsduetoresorptionoftheformerHaversiansystemsCompactboneCircumferentiallDiaphysisoflongboneInnercircumferentiallamellaosteonInterstitiallamellaOutercircumferentiallamellaperiosteumCentralcanalendosteumCentralcanalPerforatingcanal(Haversiancanal)(Volkmanncanal)(Haversiansystem)DiaphysisoflongboneInnerciBoneBoneOsteonOsteonCompactboneCompactboneosteum
Periosteumouter：denseconnctivetissue
(perforatingfiber/Sharpey’sfiber)inner：abundantvesselsandcells
（osteoprogenitorandosteoblast）Endosteum:richinbloodvesselsandnerves,containgosteoprogenitorosteumP
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