2023年自考类英语自考英语词汇学历年高频考题带答案难题附详解VIP

2023年自考类英语自考英语词汇学历年高频考题带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共50题)1.Whichofthefollowingdictionariesisnotabilingualdictionary?______A.OxfordAdvancedLearner'sDictionaryofCurrentEnglishwithChineseTranslation.B.ANewEnglish-ChineseDictionary.C.LongmanDictionaryofPhrasalVerbs.D.AChinese-EnglishDictionary(1995).2.Thesentence"Thefishisreadytoeat."isambiguousdueto______.A.extra-linguisticcontextB.grammaticalcontextC.lexicalcontextD.homonymy3.avariationofanidiom4.Linguisticcontextcanbefurtherdividedinto______contextandgrammaticalcontext.5.Thepairofwords"respectable"and"respectful"hasthe______senseoftransferrespectively.A.subjective,objectiveB.objective,subjectiveC.objective,objectiveD.noneoftheabove6.Commentonthefollowinggroupsofwordstoillustratesemanticfeaturesandgrammaticalfeaturesofcompounds.

Group1:"agreenhand","flowerpot"

Group2:"bad-mouth","new-borns"7.Analyzethemorphologicalstructuresofthefollowingwordsandpointoutthetypesofthemorphemes.

dishearten,idealistic,unfriendly8.Word-meaningchangesbymodesofextension,narrowing,degradation,______andtransfer.9.Thevocabularyofalanguageisinconstantchange;olditemsdropout,newitemscomein,andasthenewreplacetheold,sotheinternal______ofthewholesetalter.10.Theword"beg"comesfromtheword"beggar".Suchawayofcreatinganewwordiscalled______.A.suffixationB.clippingC.blendingD.back-formation11.Affixation,alsocalled______,isoneofthewordformations.12.semanticmotivation13.Morphemeswhichcannotoccurasseparatewordsare______.A.boundmorphemesB.freemorphemesC.allomorphsD.morphemes14.Theword"kowtow"inEnglishiscalledanalienwordbecause______.A.itisanewly-createdwordfromanotherlanguageB.ithasbeenassimilatedintotheEnglishlanguageC.ithasundergoneasemanticchangeD.ithasretaineditsoriginalpronunciation15."Decompose"and"unwrap"aretwoexamplesof______prefixes.16.Thesameidiommayshow______differenceswhenitisassigneddifferentmeaningsincludingaffectivemeaning.17.WhichofthefollowingprefixescanNOTbeusedtoindicatetimeandorder?A.Ex-.B.Fore-.C.Post-.D.Para-.18.Theambiguityinsentence"Shelikeswhiterosesandlilies."isdueto______.A.polysemyB.homonymyC.hyponymyD.grammaticalstructure19."Ex-student","foretell"and"post-election"contain______.A.negativeprefixesB.prefixesofdegreeorsizeC.prefixesoftimeandorderD.locativeprefixes20.Howdoyoudistinguishinflectionalaffixesandderivationalaffixes?21.Thesaltoftheearthisanexampleof______.A.simileB.metaphorC.metonymyD.synecdoche22.Analyzeandcommentonthemeaningsofthefollowingsentencesandthenfindouttherightantonymsforeachfastrespectively.

A.Mygod,look,thisclockisonehourfast,asifwewereatTokyo.

B.Thecolorsaren'tfast,sobecarefulwhenyouwashthisshirt.

C.ThedelegationpaidafastvisittotheUnitedKingdomlastmonth.23.Indictionaries,apolysemanthasitsmeaningsalllistedunderone______whereashomonymsarelistedasseparateentries.24.Thepairof"queer"and"odd"can,serveasanexampleof______.25.senserelations26.Englishlexicologyisa______orientedcourse.27.______areattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationships.A.AffixesB.SuffixesC.InflectionalaffixesD.Noneoftheabove28.word-formation29.InShakespeare'swell-knownHamlet,rivalmeans

"______"andjumpmeans"just".A.janitorB.partnerC.collectorD.observer30.Whatisaffectivemeaning?Whatarewordswithpositiveornegativeemotivevaluesusedtodenote?31.Themajorfactor(s)thatpromotethegrowthofmodernEnglishis/are______.A.thegrowthofscienceandtechnologyB.economicandpoliticalchangesC.theinfluenceofotherculturesandlanguagesD.alltheabove32.ThefiveRomancelanguages,namely,Portuguese,Spanish,French,Italian,RomanianallbelongtotheItalicthroughanintermediatelanguagecalled______.A.SanskritB.LatinC.CelticD.Anglo-Saxon33.SomepeopleholdthatShakespeareismoredifficulttoreadthancontemporarywritings.Doyouagreeordisagreetothiscomment?Stateyourreason(s)withatleastthreeexamples.34.Therootoftheword"internationalist"is______.A.inter-B.nationalC.nationD.-ist35.Thechangeofidiomfrom"fortune'swheel"to"thewheeloffortune"is______.A.replacementB.position-shiftingC.additionD.shortening36.TheIndo-EuropeanismadeupofmostofthelanguagesofEurope,theNearEastand______.37.Whatisthedifferencebetweenpartialandfullconversion?Explainthemwithexamples.38.ScandinavianlanguagereferstoIcelandic,Norwegian,Danishand______.39.Conceptualmeaningisalsoknownas______meaning.A.denotativeB.connotativeC.senseD.lexical40.etymologicalmotivation41.Whatareacronyms?Pleaseillustrateitwithatleasttwoexamples.42.Wordscanbeclassifiedinto______wordsandfunctionalwordsbynotion.43."______"isnotmorphologicallymotivatedwords.A.BlackMarketB.AirmailC.Reading-lampD.Hpletesynonyms45.Whatkindofinformationisusuallyprovidedinageneral-purposedictionary?46.initialisms47.Extensionofmeaningisaprocessbywhichawordoriginallyhadaspecializedmeaninghasnowbecome______.48."Johnrantheeggandspoonrace."isambiguousdueto______.A.homonymyB.polysemyC.extra-linguisticcontextD.lexicalcontext49.Formsandfunctionsofidiomsare______.A.identicalB.notidenticalC.differentD.notnecessarilyidentical50.zeroderivation第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：C[解析]LongmanDictionaryofPhrasalVerbs《朗文动词词典》是一部专门词典(specializeddictionary)，而不是双语词典(bilingualdictionary)。答案为C。2.参考答案：B[解析]Grammaticalstructurecanleadtoambiguity.语法结构会引起歧义。本句可有两种解释，第一句是Thisfishiscookedorserved,soreadyforpeopletoeat(鱼做好了或上桌了，可以吃了)，或者Thefishisreadytoeatthings(鱼准备好要吃食物了)。但是，假如说成Whatanicesmell!Thefishisreadytoeat，那么，fish一定是做好了可以吃了。答案为B。3.参考答案：(1)anidiomwithsomechangesinform;(2)usedinthesamemeaningorsimilarmeaning.4.参考答案：lexical[解析]题干译文：语言语境可以分为什么语境和语法语境？Linguisticcontextcanbesubdividedintolexicalcontext(词汇语境)andgrammaticalcontext(语法语境)。答案为lexical。5.参考答案：B[解析]本题中“respectable”的意思是“值得尊重的，让人敬重的”；“respectful”的意思是“充满敬意的”。因此，两者分别具有客观意义转移和主观意义转移的特征。6.参考答案：Compoundsaredifferentfromfreephrasesinsemanticunity.Everycompoundshouldexpressasingleideajustasoneword.Forinstance,"agreenhand"isan"inexperiencedperson",notahandthatisgreenincolour.Themeaningofsuchexamplecannotbeeasilyinferredfromthetwocomponentsofthecompound.

Nevertheless,alotofcompoundsaretransparent,thatis,themeaningcanbeinferredfromtheseparateelementsofcompounds.Thecompound"flowerpot"canheanexample.Butthetwoelementsareinseparableandthechangeofelementwillresultinthelossoforiginalidentity.Acompoundtendstoplayasinglegrammaticalroleinasentence,forexample,averb,anoun,ofanadjective."Bad-mouth"usedasaverbcantakethethirdpersonsingular"-s"andthepasttensemarker"-ed",e.g.,"Hebad-mouthedme."Compoundscanshowtheirpluralformsbytakinginflectional"-s"attheend,e.g.,"new-borns".Ofcourse,thereareexceptionssuchasbrothers-in-law,lookers-on.Inspiteofthistheirsinglegrammaticalroleisapparent.7.参考答案：(1)Eachofthethreewordsconsistsofthreemorphemes,dishearten(dis-+heart+-en),idealistic(ideal+-ist+-ic),unfriendly(un-+friend+-ly);(2)Oftheninemorphemes,onlyheart,idealandfriendarefreemorphemesastheycanexistbythemselves;(3)Alltherestdis-,-en,-ist,-ic,-unandlyareboundmorphemesasnoneofthemcanstandaloneaswords.8.参考答案：elevation[解析]词义变化有词义的扩大、缩小、降格、什么以及转移?Word-meaningchangesbymodesofextension,narrowing,degradation,elevationandtransfer.答案为elevation。9.参考答案：relations[解析]一门语言的词汇处于持续不断的变化中；旧词被废弃，而新词增加进来，而且随着新词取代旧词，所以整个集合内的内部什么也在发生变化?Thevocabularyofalanguageisinconstantchange;olditemsdropout,newitemscomein,andasthenewreplacetheold,sotheinternalrelationsofthewholesetalter.答案为relations。10.参考答案：D[解析]逆生法被认为是后缀法的对立过程。如我们所知，后缀法是通过在词基上添加后缀，而逆生法是通过除去假定的后缀而创造新词的方法。“beg(乞讨)”一词就是这样产生的。答案为D。11.参考答案：derivation[解析]词缀法，又称为什么，是构词法之一?Thisprocessisalsoknownasderivation．答案为derivation。12.参考答案：Semanticmotivationisthementalassociationsbasedontheconceptualmeaningofaword,i.e.thefigurativesenseofawordsuggestedbytheliteralsense.13.参考答案：A[解析]Morphemeswhichcannotoccurasseparatewordsarebound．不能独立成词的词素叫粘附词素。答案为A。14.参考答案：D[解析]非同化词(alien)是从其他语言中借来的、保留了其原本的读音和拼写特征的词。本题中“kowtow”一词来自汉语“叩头”，其发音仍和汉语接近。15.参考答案：reversative16.参考答案：stylistic[解析]同一条习语在不同意义时，可能会显示出一些什么差异?Thesameidiommayshowstylisticdifferenceswhenitisassigneddifferentmeanings.答案为stylistic。17.参考答案：D[解析]表示时间顺序的前缀主要有：ex-，fore-，post-，pre-，re-等。“para-”的意思是“超越……”，是表示程度和大小意义的前缀。18.参考答案：D[解析]句子模糊或歧义的原因有：一词多义、同音同形异义词和语法结构。本句中white既可理解为修饰roses，不修饰lilies，又可理解为white修饰rosesandlilies，所以语法结构导致歧义。答案为D。19.参考答案：C词缀“ex-”，“fore-”，“post-”等是表示时间和顺序的前缀。其中前两个表示“在……之前”，“post-”表示“在……之后”。20.参考答案：Inflectionalaffixesareaffixes:(1)attachedtotheendofwords;

(2)toindicategrammaticalrelationships.Derivationalaffixesareaffixes:(1)addedtoothermorphemes;(2)tocreatenewwords.21.参考答案：B[解析]thesaltoftheearth意为“少数精英分子”，将salt(食盐)比作精英分子，显然是暗喻，即metaphor。答案为B。22.参考答案：Awordwhichhasmorethanonemeaningcanhavemorethanoneantonym.

SentenceAmeanstheclockisonehouraheadofthelocaltime,andtheantonymoffastisslow.

SentenceBmeansthecolorsareresistanttodestructionorfading,andtheantonymofthewordfastisloose.

SentenceCmeansthevisitwasaccomplishedinrelativelylittletime,anditsantonymislong.23.参考答案：headword24.参考答案：relativesynonyms25.参考答案：Awordwhichisrelatedtootherwordsisrelatedtotheminsense,hencesenserelations.Thesubjectsthathavelongheldtheinterestandattentionofsemanticistsarepolysemy,homonymy,synonymy,antonymyandhyponymy.26.参考答案：theoretically[解析]题干译文：英语词汇学是一门具有什么性质的课程。Englishlexicologyisatheoreticallyorientedcourse.答案为theoretically。27.参考答案：C[解析]Affixesattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareinflectional,thusknownasinflectionalmorphemes．加在词尾表示语法关系的词缀发生屈折变化，因此叫内部屈折词缀。答案为C。28.参考答案：Word-formationistheprocessofcreatingnewwordsfromthematerialavailableinthelanguageaccordingtocertainstructuralandsemanticformulasandpatterns.Thethreemajortypesofword-formationareaffixation,compoundingandconversion.29.参考答案：B30.参考答案：Affectivemeaningindicatesthespeaker'sattitudetowardsthepersonorthinginconversation.Wordsthathaveemotivevaluesmayfallintotwocategories:appreciativeandpejorativetype.Wordsofpositiveovertonesareusedtoshowappreciationortheattitudeofapproval;thoseofnegativeconnotationsimplydisapproval,contemptorcriticism.31.参考答案：D科技的快速发展促使一大批新词产生，社会、经济和政治的变化也带来了越来越多的新词。同时，其他文化和语言也对英语的发展产生了很大影响。32.参考答案：B[解析]ThefiveRomancelanguages,namely,Portuguese,Spanish,French,Italian,RomanianallbelongtotheItalicthroughanintermediatelanguagecalledLatin.五个诺曼语族即葡萄牙语、西班牙语、法语、意大利语和罗马尼亚语，都以拉丁语为中介从属于意大利语族。答案为B。33.参考答案：Iagreetothiscomment.Shakespeare'sworksaremoredifficulttounderstandthancontemporarywritingsbecausemanyofhiswordswereusedindifferentsensesfromwhattheyhavenowincontemporarydailylife.Takehiswell-knownplayHamlet!asanexample."Rival"means

partner"asintherivalsofmywatch,bidthemmakehaste";"jump"means"just"asin"Thustwicebefore,andjumpatthisdeadhour";"vulgar"means"common"asin"ascommonasanythemostvulgarthingtosense";

censuremeans"opinion"asin"Takeeachman'scensure,butreservethyjudgement".34.参考答案：C[解析]解答本题的关键是把握词根和词干的区别，词根是可以接其他词缀构成新词且不能再进行细分的语法单位，而词干则还可以再进行细分。A、D两项是词缀，而B项是词干。35.参考答案：B36.参考答案：India[解析]据估计，世界上约有3000(有人认为有5000)多种语言。这些语言可以根据它们的基本词汇和语法的相似性大致划为300个谱系，印欧语系即是其中之一。该语系包括欧洲的大多数语言、近东诸语言和印度语。答案为India。37.参考答案：Whenadjectivesareconvertedintonouns,somearecompletelychanged,thusknownasfullconversion,andothersarepartiallychanged,thusknownaspartialconversion.Adjectiveswhicharefullyconvertedcanachieveafullnounstatus,e.g.,havingallthecharacteristicsofnouns,thatis,theycantake"a/an"or"-s/-es"toindicatesingularorpluralforms:anative,aRepublican,apairofshoes,finals.Adjectiveswhicharepartiallyconvertedcanstillkeepadjectivefeatures.Theyshouldalwaysbeusedwith"the",andtheycannottake"-s/-es"toshowpluralforms.Moreover,thewordscanhavecomparativeorsuperlativedegrees:thepoor,thepoorer,theyoung,theveryunfortunate.38.参考答案：Swedish[解析]日耳曼语族包括4门北欧语言：挪威语、冰岛语、丹麦语和瑞典语。这4门语言统称为斯堪的纳维亚语。答案为Swedish。39.参考答案：A[解析]conceptualmeaningisalsoknown