Canniblism巴西食人主义翻译观

Cannibalism巴西食人主义翻译观BackgroundInfromationInthe1920s,althoughBrazilhadbeenindependentpolitically,itsculturewasdependonthecolonizers'cultureaswellasotherEuropeanculture.Inordertogetridoftheembarrassingsituation,Braziliancannibalismbroughtforwardtotallynewideas“devouring”theEuropeanculture.Thus,BrazilianCannibalismtendstohelptoimprovethesituationwheretheweakculturescannotspeakforthemselvesbeingconfrontedwiththemainstreamculture.OswalddeAndrade(1890-1954)aBrazilianpoetandpolemicist；oneofthefoundersofBrazilianmodernism；ManifestoAntropofago，1928ManifestoAntropofagoTheeventofthePortuguesebishopin16thcentury:aBrazilianIndianclancalledTupicannibalizedaPortuguesebishop.FortheEuropeansettlers:savage,uncivilizedFortheTupiIndians:outoflove,respectandnourishmentThreetypesofpersons:thosewhoarephysicallyrobustsociallyrespectedtelepathic"Onedoesnoteatpeopleonedoesnotrespect"——BassnettManifestoAntropofago：SignificanceBrazilianCannibalismbegantodevelopsincetheappearanceofManifestoAntropofago,whichmarkedtheriseofBrazilianculture.OnlycouldBrazilgetridoftheEuropeaninfluencesthrough“devouring”，itcanreshapetheirownculturalidentities。Reshapetheirownculturalidentities.Inthemeantime“thedevouringcouldbeconsideredastheactofrespectandviolationofEuropeancodes”《宣言》的发表标志着巴西文化的诞生。这不仅使这场持续近十年的反思达到了高潮，也使参与这场反思的学人们达成了基本的共识或得出了结论，即巴西只有“吃掉”欧洲才能摆脱“欧洲意识”，在文化上找到自我;“吃掉”应同时被理解为背离和尊重。

TheCamposBrothersAugustodeCamposandHarolddeCamposOnTranslationasCreationandCriticism,1963Officiallyintroducedthemainconceptofcannibalismtranslationstudies.TheyusedthemetaphorofCannibalismtodescribethetranslationactivitiesfromcolonistlanguagestoBrazilian.

Theyremarkedthat"alltranslationisrecreationandcriticism”.翻译赋予文本新的生命，翻译可用“吃人”(cannibalism)一词概括。然而，‘吃’不是占有原文，而是解放原文，是译者吃、消化原文后，让自己获得自由，进行创造性翻译”.Campos’CannibalismTheoryEmpoweringact(获得力量的行为)：Atranslator"eat"theoriginaltexttotastetheoriginalideaandthereforetogetpowertorecreate,thesameasTupipeopleby“cannibalism”toobtainstrength.Nourishingbehavior(滋养行为):beforetranslating,atranslatorabsorbsnutritionfromtheoriginaltext.Afterthetranslation,heusesittonourishtotargettext.Actofaffirmativeplay(积极行为):translationistoconfirmthe“futuregenerations”oftheoriginaltext,togivelifetotheoriginaltextinthetargettextcontext.Actofbloodtransfusion(输血行为):similartonourishingbehavior,atranslatorabsorbstheessenceoftheoriginaltexttomakevitalthetargettext.ConclusionCannibalismadvocatesactivelyabsorbingforeignculture,especiallynutritionoftheadvancedculturetonourishthemselves,insteadofregardingtheadvancedcultu