构词法课件 2022-2023学年初高中英语衔接课程

构词法Withoutvocabulary,nothingcanbeconveyed.网络流行语猜猜猜①discloseone'ssecret吐槽②Microblog微博③gelivable/ungelivable给力/不给力网络流行语猜猜猜④envious,jealous,andhateful⑤grouppurchasing⑥ironlady羡慕嫉妒恨团购女汉子①discloseone'ssecret②Microblog③gelivable/ungelivable④envious,jealous,andhateful⑤grouppurchasing⑥ironlady前缀前缀后缀后缀合成合成前缀：一般只改变词义，不改变词类后缀：一般只改变词类，不引起词义变化合成：把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词。⑦daddy-is-the-key合成派生法转化法拼缀法合成法02030401CONTENT目录截短法首字母缩略法0506ONE合成法Compounding由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。1.合成名词

合成法名词+名词

watermelon

名词＋动词daybreak黎明名词＋动名词handwriting书法动名词＋名词readingroom名词+及物动词

er/or

pain-killer止痛药名词＋介词＋名词editor-in-chief总编辑动词＋名词typewriter打字机现在分词＋名词flying-fish飞鱼形容词＋名词gentleman绅士代词＋名词

she-wolf母狼2.合成动词

名词＋动词sleep-walk梦游形容词＋动词

white-wash粉刷副词＋动词

overcome克服3.合成形容词

名词＋形容词snow-white雪白的名词＋过去分词man-made人造的数词＋名词＋形容词three-year-old三岁的形容词＋现在分词good-looking相貌好看的数词＋名词second-hand二手的形容词＋形容词middle-aged中年的4.合成副词

形容词＋名词hotfoot匆忙地形容词＋副词everywhere到处副词＋副词however尽管如此介词＋名词beforehand事先介词＋副词 forever永远5.合成代词

代词宾格＋selfherself她自己物主代词selfmyself我自己形容词＋名词anything任何事从右栏中找出适当的词与左栏搭配构成合成词.suitnewfirsttroublebestbabyoveremptycasesellerclassbornhandedeatsitfreesuitcae

行李箱bestseller畅销书firstclass一流的newborn新生儿emptyhanded两手空空overeat吃得过多babysit临时照顾troublefree无故障的Exercise1.myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageabout____inEnglish.—Youcanwrite______passageinEnglish.A.600words；a600-wordsB.600-word；a600-wordsC.600words；a600-wordD.600words；a600-words2.Canadaismainlyan________country.A.English-speakingB.speak-EnglishC.spoken-EnglishD.English-spokenTW0派生法Derivation派生法

Derivation前缀后缀名词后缀形容词后缀副词后缀动词后缀否定前缀其他前缀happy----unhappylike-------dislikeproper---improperformal---informalregular------irregularlegal--------illegal1.常见的否定前缀前缀例子un-unhappy（不高兴）unlock（开锁）dis-dislike（不喜欢）disagree（不同意）im-impossible（不可能的）improper（不合适的）in-informal（非正式的）incorrect（不正确的）ir-irregular（不规则的）irrelevant（不相关的）il-illegal（不合法的）illogical（不合理的）前缀只改变词义，不改变词类给下列单词加上前缀dis-,un-,in-或im-,构成意思相反的词。1.agree_______ 2.complete_________3.healthy_________4.important________5.able_______ 6.cover_________7.known_______ 8.practical_________9.tidy_______ 10.perfect_________disagree incompleteunhealthyunimportantunablediscover/uncoverunknownimpracticaluntidyimperfectExerciseex-presidentinternettelevisionencourageretellasleep前缀意义用法例词re-再一次，重新用于动词及派生名词名词、形容词及其它名词前(=again)rebuild重建,reappear,再次出现fore-时间或位置的“在前面”加在动词或名词前(=before)foretell,预言foreknow预知pre-在前、事先、预先加在名词或形容词前(=before,infront,inadvance)preview复习preface前言post-时间和顺序的“在后边”加在名词或形容词前(=after,behind)post-war,战后的post-graduate研究生a-在之上，向，在里加在动词或名词前，构成派生形容词、副词或介词asleep睡着的alone孤独的co-联合、共同加在名词或动词前co-worker同事cooperation合作inter-”互相”、“在一起”加在名词、形容词前构成动词(=between,among)internet互联网international国际的mid-中间加在名词前(=middle)midnight午夜super-高级、在之上加在名词前(=above,over,upon)superman超人2.其他前缀Exercise1.It’s________topersuadehimtogiveupsmoking.He’sverystubborn.A.possibleB.possiblyC.impossibleD.impossibility2.Dancaughttwo________birdsinthewoodlastweekandtheyarestill________inthecage.A.alive；liveB.live；liveC.live；aliveD.alive；alive3.Thedoctor’sadvice________himfromdrinkingandsmoking.A.encouragedB.couragedC.encouragementD.discouragedscientistmusiciandoctor猜职业illnessshoppingmembership1.名词后缀---构成名词①-er,-orteachV.--------teachern.visitV.---------visitorn.

②-ianmusicn.--------musiciann.

③-isttourn.旅程--------touristn.旅游者

④-ingbuildV.建立--------buildingn.建筑物

⑤-mentdevelopV.发展--------developmentn.发展

⑥-nesshappyadj.快乐的--------happinessn.快乐

⑦-thwarmadj.温暖的--------warmthn.温暖

⑧-tioninviteV.邀请--------invitationn.邀请函

⑨-ty,-ity

safe.--------safetyn.possibleadj.------possibilityn.

⑩-shipfriendn.--------friendshipn.

后缀改变词类Exercise1.Thedoctorsaidthattheoldman’sconditionwas_____andthattheyhadtriedtheirbest.A.hopeB.hopedC.hopefulD.hopeless2.Thechildlookedatme________.A.strangerB.strangelyC.strangeD.strangeless3.Thenecklacethatshelostisveryexpensive.It’sofgreat________.A.valuableB.valueC.valuelessD.unvaluable4.Theshopownerwelcomedalltheguestswitha________smile.A.practiceB.practiseC.practicalD.practicedsatisfyfrightenmodernizebeautifyQueenSnowWhiteeducatefinish

后缀意义用法例词-ate使成为，成为...，处理，使化合见于外来词，由外来词根组成，不能活用educate教育translate翻译-en变为，使为，变为有，使有加在形容词上，有时加在名词上，通常构成及物动词frighten害怕strengthen加强-fy使成为，使...化加在名词或形容词上，构成及物动词和少数不及物动词beautify使美丽satisfy使满意-ish使...,令...大多是从法语输入的词，不能构成新词finish完成punish惩罚-ize-ize使成，变成，...化加在名词或形容词上，构成及物动词或少数不及物动词modernize现代化realize意识到2.动词后缀Exercise1.How_____heis!Heisalwaysacting_____.Heisreallya_____.A.foolish；foolishly；foolB.fool；foolish；foolC.foolish；fool；foolD.foolishly；foolish；fool2.Westoodthere______atthe_____sight.A.frightened；frightfulB.frighteningfrightfulC.fright；frighteningD.frightful；frightcloudyvaluablehomelessexpensivepowerfuldangerous后缀意义用法例词-able可/能…的加在名词或及物动词后valuable珍贵的-al有...性质的加在名词后natural自然的-ant,-ent...的加在外来动词词干上important重要的-ic,-ical...性质的，与...有关的加在外来词干的名词上basic基本的-ish稍带...的，...气的，...民族的，...语的加在名词或形容词上用于民族国家地名之上English英国的-ive有...倾向的/性质的加在动词上expensive昂贵的-ful充满...的，引起...的加在名词或少数名词上powerful充满力量的-less无/不...的，不能...的加在名词或动词上homeless无家可归的-ous充满...的，有...特性的加在名词上dangerous危险的-y有/多...的，想...的加在名词上cloudy多云的-ed有...的，有...特征的加在名词或动词上tired疲倦的-en由...构(制)成的加在物质名词上wooden木制的-ern...方的加在表示方位的名词上western西方的-ly有...性质的，...形状的加在名词或形容词上daily日常的3.形容词后缀---构成形容词Exercise1.Thatmanwas________enoughtotellthemanagerthathewoulddothejob.A.careB.carefulC.carelessD.carelessness2.Thechildlooked__athisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.A.sadlyB.sadnessC.sad3.Toeveryone’s________,thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.A.satisfiedB.satisfactoryC.satisfyingD.satisfactionrain(形容词)________agree(反义)__________nation(形容词)_______farm(人)__________recent(副词)________friend(形容词)________hope(形容词)_______visit(名词)__________home(形容词)________America(形容词)_______eight(序数词)________China(形容词)________

按括号内的要求改写下列单词rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlyhomelessChineseExerciseExercise1.Hewasoneofthebest___inyesterday’sfootballmatch.A.playB.playingC.player2.Look!How_______Kateislaughing!

A.happyB.happilyC.happier3.Edisonwasagreat____.Duringhislifehehadmany___.

A.invent;inventorB.inventor;inventionsC.inventions;inventorD.invenor;inventTHREE转化法Conversion转化法是指有一种词性转化为另一种词性。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切.①动词名词talkv.讲话------talk

n.交谈，讨论②形容词名词green

adj.绿色的------green

n.绿色eg.Sheiswearingagreendress.(adj.)Thegirlingreenlooksverybeautiful.(n.)③形容词动词perfectadj.完美的------perfect

v.使完美

eg.ShespeaksperfectEnglish.(adj.)Theytriedtheirbesttoperfectthesystem.(v.)④名词动词

watern.水------waterv.浇水①tastev.尝起来n.味道{Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.②handn.手v.递送③wrongadj.错误的n.错的事{{Wealwayswalkhandinhand.Pleasehand

methebook.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecar.

Hedidn’tknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.④clean{adj.干净v.清扫Pleasekeeptidyand