2021年北京市高考英语试卷（原卷版）含解析版

2021年北京市高考真题英语试卷

北京卷•英语

本试卷共11页，共100分.考试时长90分钟.

考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效.第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.

第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括

号内所给词的正确形式填空。

第一节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)

Whydowedream?Scientistsaren'tcompletelysure,andtheyhavediverse11(idea).Dreamsmightbea

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题

sideeffectofmemorymaking.Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverything12happenedduringtheday,

卡上将该项涂黑.

tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.Asit13.(connect)things,yourbrainturnsthemintoastory,and

Recently,Itookatriphomebytrain.Igotaseatoppositeamiddle-agedmanwithsharpeyes,whokeptIa

yougetadream.

youngwomaninawindowseatwithalittleboyonherlap.Tiiewoman'seyefellontheman'sface,andsheimmediately

B

lookeddownand2herscarf.

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括

Asthenightworeon,peoplebegantoclosetheireyes,buttheseatsweresouncomfortablethatonlyaveryheavy

号内所给词的正确形式填空。

sleepercouldmanagetogetany3Thewomanlookedoverattheman.Hewasstillstaringather.Shelooked

Samisanin-real-lifestreamer(播主〉，andhelivestreamshimselfjustgoingabouthisday.Whileridinghisbike

backathimwithfireinhereyes.1wasbeginningtoget4too.

homeMacoldnight,hecameacrossasad-lookingelderlywomanwanderingthestreetsbyherself.Thepoor

Thetrainmovedon.Thelittleboywas5awakeonhismother'slap.butthewomandroppedofftosleep.A

womanwasn'tabletogivehimanyinformationabout15shelived.Samwalkedhertoanearbyconvenience

momentlater,hebeganto6thehalf-openwindow-onelegwentoverit.Themanjumpedupand7the

storesothatshecould16(sate)waitforthepolicetotakeherhome.

childjustbeforehefellout.

C

The8wokeupthewoman.Sheseemedtobein9andthenrealitydawned(显现).“Yourchild

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括

hasbeenlookingforanopportunitytoclimboutofthewindow,“themansaidashegavethechildbacktoher..“SoI

号内所给词的正确形式填空。

havebeenwatchingthewholetime."Thewomanwas10,andsowasI.

There17(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20

1.A.guidingB.botheringC.watchingD.monitoring

years,18(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.From

2.A.adjustedB.changedC.packedD.waved

200()to2019,therewere7,348majornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld,19(result)inUSD2,970billionin

3.A.airB.joyC.spaceD.rest

economicloss.Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange.Thefindingsshowacriticalneed20(invest)

4.A.nervousB.embarrassedC.angryD.disappointed

5.A.almostB.stillC.hardlyD.evenindisasterprevention.

6A.dragB.climbC.knockD.push第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)

7.A.grabbedB.rockedC.touchedD.picked

8.A.alarmB.quarrelC.riskD.noise阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂

9.A.sorrowB.reliefC.panicD.pain黑.

10.A.astonishedB.confusedC.concenicdD.inspired

Ifyouareplanningtostartacareerinthefieldofeducation,science,orculture,thenaninternship（实习）at23.Whatshouldapplicantsdobeforefillingouttheapplicationform?

UNESCOwillbeidealforyou.A.ContactUNESCOmanagers.B.Getaccesstothedatabase.

Whocanapply?C.Keepamotivationletterathand.D.Workinateamforsixmonths.

Youhavecompletedyourfull-timeuniversitystudies：or.B

Ybuarestudyinginagraduateprogramforamaster'sdegree.Irememberthedayduringourfirstweekofclasswhenwewereinfonnedaboutoursemester（学期）projectof

Applicantsintechnicalassignmentsmusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesinatechnicalinstitution.volunteeringatanon-profitorganization.Whentheteacherintroducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatneededour

Whataretherequirements?help,mylastchoicewasOperationIraqiChildren（OIC）.Myfirstimpressionof（heorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoing

Ybumustbeatleast20yearsold.tomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind.

Youshouldhaveagoodcommand（掌握）ofeitherEnglishorFrench.Then,anOICrepresentativegaveussomedetails,whichsomewhatinterestedme.Afterdoingsomeresearch,1

Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofoffice-relatedsoftware.believedthatwecouldreallydosomethingforthosekids.When1wentonlinetotheOICwebsite,IsawpicturesoftheIraqi

Youshouldbeabletoworkwellinateamandadapttoaninternationalworkingenvironment.children.Theirfacesweresopowerfulinsendingamessageoftheirdespair（绝望）andneedthatIjoinedthisproject

Youshouldpossessstronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.withouthesitation.Wedecidedtocollectasmanyschoolsuppliesaspossible,andmakethemintokits------onekit.one

Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?child.

Visa：Youshouldobtainthenecessaryvisas.Themostrewardingdayforourgroupwasprojectday,whenalltheeffortsweputintocollectingtheitemsfinally

Travel：Youmustarrangeandfinanceyourtraveltoandfromthelocationwhereyouwilldoyourinternship.cametogether.WhenIsawthevarioussupplieswehadcollected,ithitmethateverykitweweretobuildthatdaywould

Medicalinsurance：Youmustshowproofofacomprehensivehealthinsurancevalid（有效的）inthetargeteventuallybeinthehandsofanIraqichild.Overthepastfourmonths,IhadneverimaginedhowIwouldfeelonceour

countrytortheentireperiodoftheinternship.UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurancecoverageuptoUSD30,0（X）fortheprojectwascompleted.Whilemakingthekits,1realizedthatIhadlostsightofthetruemeaningbehindit.1hadonly

internshipperiod.focusedonthefactthatitwasanotherschoolprojectandoneIwantedtogetagoodgradeon.Whenthekitswere

Medicalcertificate：Youmustprovideamedicalcertificateindicatingyouarefittowork.completed,andreadytobesentoverseas,thewarmfeelingIhadwasone1wouldneverforget.

Motivationletter：Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingou（theapplicationform.Inthebeginning,Idaredmyselftomakeadifferenceinthelifeofanotherperson.Nowthatourprojectisover,I

YourapplicationwillbeaccessedbyUNESCOmanagersandwillstayinourdatabaseforsixmonths.WedonotrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife,butten.Withourefforts,tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurther

respondtoeverycandidate.Ifselected,youwillbecontactedbyamanager.Ifyoudonotreceiveanyupdatewithinsixtheireducation.

months,itmeansthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.24.HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutjoiningtheOICprojectinthebeginning?

21.Accordingtothispassage,applicantsarerequiredto.A.Itwouldaffecthis/herinitialplans.

A.holdamaster'sdegreeinscienceB.Itwouldinvolvetravelingoverseas.

B.haveinternationalworkexperienceC.Itwouldnotbringhim/heragoodgrade.

C.befluentineitherEnglishorFrench

DItwouldnotliveuptohis/herexpectations.

D.presentaletterfromatechnicalinstitution

22.WhatwillUNESCOprovidefortheinternshipperiod?25.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehis/herattitudetowardtheproject?

A.Limitedmedicalinsurancecoverage.A.ImagesofIraqichildren.B.Researchbyhis/herclassmates.

B.Trainingincommunicationskills.C.Ateacher'sintroduction.D.Arepresentative'scomments.

C.Amedicalcertificateforwork.26.Theauthor'sOICprojectgroupwouldhelptenIraqichildrento..

D.Financialsupportfortravel.A.becomeOICvolunteersB.furthertheireducation

C.studyinforeigncountriesD.influenceotherchildrenA.worriedB.puzzled

27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?C.surprisedD.scared

A.One'spotentialcannotalwaysbeundenated.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

B.Firstimpressioncannotalwaysbetrusted.A.Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysicallimits.

C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwoixls.B.Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.

D.Hewhohesitatesislost.C.Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized.

CD.Theglobalcollapseiswellunderway.

Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastD

December:Policymakersand（herestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.ResearchersinmanyareasEarlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt.Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhattimewasunlesssomeoneasked

（情景）

haveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas"acrediblescenariothiscentury”.him.AlbertEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhetheorizedthattimevariesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit.Today's

Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobal

state-of-the-artatomic（原子的）clockshaveprovenEinsteinright.Evenadvancedphysicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhat

collapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.

timeis,becausetheanswerdependsonthequestionyou'reasking.

Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolled

Forgetabouttimeasanabsolute.Whatif,insteadofconsideringtimeintermsofastronomy,werelatedtimeto

pandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalso

ecology?Whatifweallowedenvironmentalconditionstosetthetempo（二自奏）ofhumanlife?We'reincreasinglyaware

unthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.

ofthefactthatwecan'tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone,andrealizingthatweneedtomoderate（调节）our

Theinternationalscholars5warningletterdoesn'tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.actionsifwehope（oliveinbalance.Whatifourdefinitionoflimereflectedthat?

Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeveiydayRecently,Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthafsconnectedtocircumstancesonourplanet,conditions

civilization.Amongthesignatories（签署者）ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe4<ecologicalfbotprint”thatmightchangeasaresultofglobalwanning.We'renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotal

concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.WiththecurrentflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers,whicharesensitivetolocalandglobalenvironmentalchanges.We'veprogrammed

footprintofhumanity,*4itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainly

ittomatchanatomicclockifthewaterwayscontinuetoflowattheirpresentrate.Iftheriversrunfasterinthefutureon

withinthiscentury/'Johnsonsaidinanemail.

average,theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime.Iftheyrunslower,you'llseetheoppositeeffect.

“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits“theDecemberwarninglettersays,“canwehavethe

Theclockregistersbothshort-tennirregularitiesandlong-termtrendsinriverdynamics.It'sasortofobservatorythat

hopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm".Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Werevealshowtheriversarebehavingfromtheirowntemporalframe（时间框架）,andallowsustowitnessthosechanges

allwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,

onoursmartwatchesorphones.AnyonewhooptstogoonAlaskaMeanRiverTimewillliveinharmonywiththe

Manisavictimofdope（麻醉品）

planet.Anyonewhoconsidersrivertimeinrelationtoatomictimewillencounteramajorimbalanceandmaybemotivated

Intheincurablefonnofhope.

tocounteractitbyconsuminglessfuelorsupportinggreenerpolicies.

Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent（执着）onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness.twLet'slook

Evenifthismethodoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars,earlyagriculturalsocietiesalsoconnectedtimetonatural

directlyintotheissueofcollapse?'theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestof

phenomena.Inpre-ClassicalGreece,forinstance,peoplet*corrected,,officialcalendarsbyshiftingdatesforwardor

atroublingfuture.^^

backwardtoreflectthechangeofseason.Temporalconnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheirsurvival.Likewise,

28.Whatdocstheunderlinedword"germane"inParagraph3probablymean?

rivertimeandothertimekeepingsystemswcYcdevelopingmayencourageenvironmentalawareness.

A.Scientific.B.Credible.

WhenSt.Augustineadmittedhisinabilitytodefinetime,hehighlightedoneoftime'smostnoticeablequalities：

C.Original.D.Relevant.

Timebecomesmeaningfulonlyinadefinedcontext.Anytimekeepingsystemisvalid,andeachisaspraiseworthyasits

29.Asfor（hepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris.

purpose.theirheartratesandbloodpressure.38Ontheotherhand,whenthemusicslowed,theparticipants'stressand

31.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?anxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit.

A.Timekeepingisincreasinglyrelatedtonature.39Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor,whichis

B.Evetyonecandefinetimeontheirowntenns.whatmakesmusicsovaluable.

C.Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit.A.Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems.

D.Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscientists.B.Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud.

32.TheauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagraph2mainlyto.C.Thisideaisalittleoff-the-wallbutstillhasscientificbacking.

A.presentanassumptionB.evaluateanargumentD.Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep.

C.highlightanexperimentD.introduceanapproachE.Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive.

33.WhatCiinwelearnfromthispassage?F.Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety.

A.Thosewhodonotgoonrivertimewillliveanimbalancedlife.G.Interestingly,themorecheerfulthemusicwas,thefastertheirheartrateswere.

B.NewwaysofmeasuringtimecanhelptocontrolEarthsystems.

第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）

C.Atomictimewillgetaheadofrivertimeiftheriversrunslower.

第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）

D.Moderntechnologymayhelptoshapetherivers'temporalframe.

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。

34.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?

Recentresearchsuggeststhatifanargumentgetsresolved,theemotionalresponsetiedtoitissignificantlyreducedor

A.Itiscrucialtoimprovethedefinitionoftime.