2023年自考类英语自考英语国家概况历年高频考题带答案难题附详解

2023年自考类英语自考英语国家概况历年高频考题带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共50题)1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAustraliaisnottrue?______A.Itliessouthoftheequator.B.Itistheworld'ssmallestcontinent.C.Itistheflattestandlowestcontinent.D.Itisthecontinentthatcontainsmorethanonecountry.2.TheSevenYears'War(1756—1763)wasfoughtbetweenBritainand______forthecolonizationinNorthAmerica.A.SpainB.RussiaC.HollandD.France3.______accountsforamajorsourceofpopulationgrowthintheU.S.A.ImmigrationB.EmigrationC.HighbirthrateD.Lowdeathrate4.ThebiggestcityinAmericais______withapopulationofover______million(in1990).

A.NewYork,18B.NewYork,11C.LosAngeles,14.5D.Chicago,125.Adecisiontosetupaworldorganization,theUnitedNations,wasmadeat______.A.YaltaConferenceB.PotsdamConferenceC.TeheranConferenceD.ParisConference6.TheUnitedStatesisbyfartheindustrialcountryintheworld.A.biggestB.secondbiggestC.thirdbiggestD.fourthbiggest7.TheRestorationinEnglishhistorytookplacein______.A.1042B.1066C.1606D.16608.WinstonChurchillwasheavilydefeatedatthegeneralelectionof1945because______.A.hedidnotactasagreatwarleaderB.hefailedtoleadhiscountrytovictoryC.peoplewantedBritaintoreturntothepoliticsofthe1920sand30sD.theConservativeParty'straditionalprinciplesseemedold-fashioned9.WhichisnotthepopularSundays?A.NewsoftheWorld.B.TheSun.C.Thepeople.D.SundayMirror.10.ThePresidentoftheUnitedStatescanissuerules,regulationsandinstructions,whicharecalled______.A.legalactsB.standingordersC.verdictsD.executiveorders11.EnglandshoweditssuperiorityasanavalpowerbydestroyingtheSpanish______in______time.A.Armada,ElizabethⅠ'sB.navy,JamesⅠ'sC.king,HenryⅦ'sD.colonist,HenryⅢ12.WhatistheethniccompositionofIreland?13.TheUnitedKingdomisaconstitutionalmonarchy.TheheadofStateisakingoraqueen.Inpractice,______.A.ParliamentrulesthecountryB.theSovereignreignsbutdoesnotruleC.theSovereignrulesbutdoesnotreignD.thePrimeMinisterrulesandreigns14.WhatwasthechiefweaknessoftheArticlesofConfederation?15.HowlongwasBritainundertheRomanoccupation?16.TheHundredYears'Warended______.A.indefeatforEnglandB.invictoryforEnglandC.inpeaceforbothcountriesD.indefeatforFrance17.Thestockmarketcrashof192918.UncleTom'sCabinandRootsaretwonovelswhichgiveavividdescriptionthemiserablelifeofthe______.A.earlysettlersB.puritansC.nativeIndiansD.blackslaves19.WhichofthefollowingisnottrueabouttheAmericaneconomy?A.Itisoneoftheleastregulatedeconomicsintheworld.B.Itisbasedlargelyonafreeenterprisesystem.C.Thereislittlegovernmentinvolvementintheeconomy.D.Manyofthenation'sbasicindustriesarerepresentedbyonlyafewmajorcorporations.20.In1170,theAnglo-SaxonsinvadedIreland,fromthenon,conflictsbetweentheEnglishandtheIrishwentonforalmost______years.A.1000B.800C.600D.50021.By1900therewere______milesofrailroadintheUnitedStates.A.10000B.100000C.193000D.29000022.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAustraliaistrue?______A.Itistheworld'sfifthlargestcountryandissurroundedbysea.B.Itisthesmallestandtheonlycontinentthatcontainsonlyonecountry.C.ItisacontinentthatcontainsonlyAustraliaandNewZealand.D.Itistheworld'ssmallestcontinentandtheworld'sfourthlargestcountry.23.HowistheBritishhighereducationfinanced?24.AtChristmas,thehomeisdecoratedwiththefollowingexcept______.A.colorfulpaperchainsB.leavesofhollyandmistletoeC.ayoungfir-treeD.firecrackers25.AsaresultofAmericaneconomicaidundertheMarshallPlan,WesternEurope______.A.managedtotieoverthedifficultyearsinthelate1940sB.succeededinsolvingthefoodproblemC.recoveredfromwardestructionanditseconomybegantodevelopD.becameprosperous26.babyboom27.InCanada,thinlysettledregionof______takesupfourfifthsofthecountry.A.AtlanticprovincesB.theCanadianShieldC.BritishColumbiaD.northernCanada28.______,kingofEnglandinitiatedthelong,drawn-outstrugglewithFrancecalledtheHundredYears'War.A.EdwardⅠB.EdwardⅡC.EdwardⅢD.HenryⅢ29.InrecentyearsAustraliangovernmentshaveencouragedpeoplewithdifferentethnicbackgroundstokeeptheirowncultures,thispolicyiscalled______.A.CatholicismB.nationalismC.multiculturalismD.multiracism30.WhoweretheforerunnersoftheLiberalPartyinBritain?31.WhatistheHouseofLordsmadeupof?32.ThePilgrimscametoAmericainsearchof______.A.morelandB.goldC.religiousfreedomD.wealth33.Whichoneofthefollowingisnotgovernment-runattheU.S.federallevel?______A.MotorvehicleB.TheroadsystemC.NationaldefenseD.Thepostalservice34.______wasfoundedin1969,andbeganitsfirstcoursein1970.A.GlasgowUniversityB.AberdeenUniversityC.TheOpenUniversityD.StAndrewsUniversity35.WhydoesGreatBritainhavethegreatestinfluenceuponAustralia?36.WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonthatHenryⅧcarriedoutthereligiousreform?______A.Heneededmoney.B.Hewasafrivolousking.C.Theprivilegeandwealthoftheclergywereresented.D.AdesireforchangeandreformintheChurchhadbeengrowingformanyyears.37.FlyingDoctors38.Thecitythathasanice-freeharborasCanada'smajoroutlettothePacificOceanis______.A.OttawaB.QuebecC.TorontoD.Vancouver39.WhydidWilliamⅠgivehisbaronslargeestatesinEngland?40.In1972,U.S.President______visitedChina,whichledtotheestablishmentofdiplomaticrelationswithChinainJanuary1979.A.RonaldReaganB.RichardNixonC.JimmyCarterD.GeraldFord41.Thesystemwhichadmitsallhighschoolgraduatesandotherresidentstouniversitiesandcollegesisknownasthe______system.A.equaladmissionB.alladmissionC.openadmissionD.unconditional42.constitutionalmonarchy43.KingGeorgeⅢwasnicknamed"______"becausehewassoenthusiasticaboutchangesinagriculture.A.FarmerGeorgeB.peasantGeorgeC.AgriculturalGeorgeD.EnthusiasticKing44.Whatisthe"winner-take-all"systemintheU.S.?45.Whatnaturalconditionsallowsfortheyear-roundoutdooractivitiesinNewZealand?46.Historically,Irelandhasbeenfreeofethnicconflictsbecauseofits______.A.racialunityB.racialhomogeneityC.multiculturalismD.highrateofemigration47.WhatfielddidtheIndustrialRevolutionfirstlyoccurin?48.DuringtheAmericanCivilWar,thevictoryat______provedtobetheturningpointfortheUnionArmy.A.HarrisburgB.GettysburgC.LexingtonD.FortSumter49.WhoarethetwoIrishpoetsthatwontheNobelPrizefewLiterature?50.HowmanymainislandsdoesNewZealandhave?第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：D[解析]澳大利亚在南半球，是世界上最小的一个大洲，是惟一的只包含有一个国家的大洲。在世界上七个大洲中，它是最平坦、最低，并且是惟一一个能开着汽车到达最高山顶的大洲。2.参考答案：D[解析]英法两国进行的七年战争(1756—1763年)结束后，1768年签订的《巴黎条约》把加拿大交给了英国。3.参考答案：A4.参考答案：A[解析]美国最大的城市是纽约，1990年人口超过1800万。5.参考答案：A[解析]第二次会议于1945年2月在雅尔塔举行。会议实际通过了战后三大国势力范围的重新划分，并决定成立一个世界组织——联合国。6.参考答案：A[解析]到目前为止，美国是世界上最大的工业国，既是经济大国又是科技大国。7.参考答案：D[解析]1660年选出的英国议会要求前国王的儿子从长期流亡地法国回国做国王，称查尔斯二世(1660—1685)，从而解决了危机。这就是所谓的王朝复辟。8.参考答案：D[解析]Atthegeneralelectionof1945WinstonChurchillwasheavilydefeated.Theelectorate(votes)returnedaLabourgovernment.ThepeoplesufferedtheBlitz,evacuation,rationingandthe...thatmeanthetoowasnowpasthistory.1945年的大选中。温斯顿·丘吉尔惨败。选民选举了工党政府。人民遭受了闪电袭击、撤离家园、定量配给和完全的技术战争，他们想把战争置之脑后，因为丘吉尔代表着战争势力，因此现在他已经成为历史。9.参考答案：B[解析]英国的3份通俗星期日报是《世界新闻报》、《星期日镜报》和《人民报》。B项《太阳报》属通俗日报。10.参考答案：D[解析]美国总统可以发布规章、制度和指示，这些被称为行政命令，对联邦机构具有法律约束力。11.参考答案：A[解析]伊丽莎白一世时期，摧毁西班牙的无敌舰队这一事件，显示了英国作为海上强国的优势。12.参考答案：InIrelandthebasicethnicstockisCeltic,withamixtureofNorse,French,NormanandEnglish.13.参考答案：B[解析]联合王国是君主立宪制国家，国家首脑是国王或女王。实际上君主统而不治。14.参考答案：Thechiefweaknesswasthedocumentfailedtosetupagovernmentthatcouldfunction.15.参考答案：Fornearly400yearsBritainwasundertheRomanoccupation.16.参考答案：A[解析]1422年亨利去世。此后法国人民在民族女英雄圣女贞德的鼓舞下，把英军驱逐出了法国。17.参考答案：Thestockmarketcrashof1929:OnOct.24,1929tensofmillionsofsharesweredumpedonthestockmarket,drivingdownthesharepricesandwipingoutbillionsofdollarsofpaperprofits.Thestockmarketcrashwasthebeginningofalongeconomicdepression.18.参考答案：D[解析]美国文学中，《汤姆叔叔的小屋》和《根》这两部小说生动地描述了黑人奴隶的悲惨生活。19.参考答案：C[解析]美国的经济是以私营为主的自由市场经济；私有成分在经济中所占的比例比任何其他发达国家都大得多。然而，政府仍是美国经济中的重要组成部分。国家的多数基础工业被少数几家公司控制。20.参考答案：B[解析]1170年，盎格鲁—撒克逊人入侵爱尔兰，他们逐渐控制了这个岛。英国人和爱尔兰人之间的冲突持续了近800年。21.参考答案：C[解析]到1900年，美国有铁路19.3万英里。22.参考答案：B[解析]澳大利亚面积770万平方公里，是世界上最小的一个大洲。但澳大利亚是一个大国，是继俄国、加拿大、中国、巴西和美国之后的世界上第六大国。澳大利亚是惟一的只包含有一个国家的大洲。23.参考答案：Itislargelyfinancedbypublicfunds,tuitionfeespaidthroughtheawardssystemandincomechargedbyinstitutionsforresearchandotherpurposes.24.参考答案：D[解析]圣诞时，家里要装饰上五颜六色的纸带、冬青树和槲寄生植物的树叶，以及朋友寄来的迷人的贺卡。角落的大花盆里有棵小冷杉树，这是“圣诞树”，其枝条装饰有发光的小饰物和彩灯，有时还挂上礼物。25.参考答案：C[解析]从1947年到1952年初，美国向欧洲共投入130亿美元的援助，西欧恢复了生产，并开始显露出发展的迹象。26.参考答案：babyboom:Babyboomreferstothegreatincreaseofbirthratebetween1946and1964.Peopleborninthisperiodarecalledbabyboomers.27.参考答案：D[解析]光秃秃的、人烟稀少的加拿大北部地区占整个国土的4/5，尽管该地区气候恶劣，但成千上万顷的森林、丰富的矿产资源和许多水资源都在开发中。28.参考答案：C[解析]爱德华三世于1887年对法宣战，英法战争一打就持续了百年。29.参考答案：C[解析]澳大利亚绝大多数人是来自30多个国家的移民或他们的后代子孙。这些人来自其他国家，有着不同的生活方式，通常还有不同的语言、宗教信仰、服饰、风俗、食物以及不同的体育爱好，近年来，澳大利亚政府鼓励具有不同民族背景的人们保持他们自己的文化。这种政策被称为多元文化主义。30.参考答案：TheforerunnersoftheLiberalPartyinBritainwereWhigs.31.参考答案：TheHouseofLordsismadeupoftheLordsSpiritualandtheLordsTemporal.32.参考答案：C[解析]为了逃避宗教迫害，新教徒们离开英国到荷兰的菜顿生活。尽管那里气氛比较宽容，但他们担心如果不采取措施，他们的子孙就会变成荷兰人。于是在1620年，201个英国清教徒乘坐一艘叫“五月花号”的船来到新大陆。33.参考答案：A[解析]邮电服务(不包括电话)、铁路系统和国防工业由联邦政府、州政府或和地方政府三级分别管理。34.参考答案：C[解析]开放大学是非住宿大学，以白金汉郡的新城弥尔顿·凯恩斯为基地。之所以叫开放大学是因为她对所有要上学的人“开放”。该大学于1969年成立，1970年开设第一门课程。35.参考答案：GreatBritainhashadthegreatestinfluencebecauseAustraliawassettledasaBritishcolony．36.参考答案：B37.参考答案：FlyingDoctors:ItisspecialhealthservicewhichprovidesmedicalcareforpeoplelivinginisolatedareasinAustralia.Doctorstravelbyplanefromtheirbaseandkeepintouchwiththeirpatientsbyradio.38.参考答案：D[解析]温哥华岛是一个极为重要的不冻港，也是加拿大到太平洋的主要通道及太平洋沿岸最大的货运港口。39.参考答案：WilliamⅠgavelargeestatestohisbaronsbecausehewantedtogetapromiseofmilitaryserviceandaproportionof