高考英语重点语法知识点归纳全齐

高考英语重点语法知识点归纳全齐高中阶段的英语学习，其实就是学语法、记单词和研究并熟练题型。高考英语语法项目汇总1、名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格2、代词(1)人称代词：主格和宾格形式(2)物主代词：形容词与名词性形式(3)反身代词：myself,himself,ourselves,etc.(4)指示代词this,that,these,those(5)不定代词some,any,no,etc.(6)疑问代词what,who,whose,which,etc.3、数词(1)基数词(2)序数词4、介词和介词短语词：汇表中所列介词的基本用法5、连词：词汇表中所列连词的基本用法6、形容词(比较级和最高级)（1）作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法（2）比较等级（原级、比较级、最高级）的基本用法①构成-er,-est;more,themost②基本句型as+原级形式+as...notas（so）+原级形式+as...比较级形式+than...the+最高级形式+...in（of）...7、副词（比较级和最高级）（1）表示时间、地点、方式、程度等的基本用法（2）疑问副词when,where,how（3）比较等级（原级、比较级、最高级）①构成-er,-est;more,themost②基本句型as+原级形式+as...notas（so）+原级形式+as...比较级形式+than...the+最高级形式+...in（of）...8、冠词：一般用法9、动词（1）行为动词或实义动词：①及物动词②不及物动词（2）连系动词be,look,turn,get,become,etc.（3）助动词be,do,have,shall,will,etc.（4）情态动词can,may,must,need,etc.10、时态（1）一般现在时Igetupatsixo'clockeverymorning.Hedoesn'tspeakRussian.Theyareverybusy.Themoonmovesroundtheearth.Whenyouseehim,tellhimtocometomyplace.I'llgotoseeyoutonightifI'mfree.（2）一般过去时IwasinGradeOnelastyear.Igotupatfiveyesterday.（3）一般将来时①shall（will）+动词原形Ishall（will）gotoyourschooltomorrowafternoon.Shewillbeheretomorrow.②begoingto+动词原形I'mgoingtohelphim.（4）现在进行时We'rereadingthetextnow.They'rewaitingforabus.（5）现在完成时Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.Theyhavelivedherefortenyears.（6）过去进行时Wewerehavingameetingthistimeyesterday.TheteacherwastalkingtosomeparentswhenIsawher.（7）过去完成时WehadlearnedfourEnglishsongsbytheendoflastyear.ThefilmhadalreadybegunwhenIgottothecinema.ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceheleftBeijing.（8）过去将来时Hesaidhewouldgotothecinemathatevening.BettysaidshewasgoingtovisitherunclenextSunday.11、被动语态（一般现在时，一般过去时，含有情态动词，一般将来时）（1）一般现在时的被动语态Englishistaughtinthatschool.（2）一般过去时的被动语态Thesongwaswrittenbythatworker.（3）一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态Shemustbesenttohospitalatonce.（4）一般将来时的被动语态Thehomeworkwillbedoneintwohours.12、非谓语动词（1）动词不定式（全部掌握）①作主语Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.Itisnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.②作宾语Theybegantoread.③作宾语补足语Jimaskedmetohelphimwithhislessons.Weoftenheardhersing.④作定语Ihaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.⑤作状语Shewenttoseehergrandmayesterday.⑥用在how,when,where,what,which等之后Idon'tknowhowtouseacomputer.Doyouknowwhentostart?Hedidn'tknowwhattodonext.(2)动词的-ing形式(3)动词的-ed形式13、构词法(1)合成法：classroom,something,reading-room(2)派生法：worker,drawing,quickly,careful,kindness,cloudy,unhappy(3)转化法：hand(n.)—hand(v.)dry(adj.)—dry(v.)(4)缩写和简写1414、句子种类（1）陈述句（肯定式和否定式）（2）疑问句:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句（3）祈使句（肯定式和否定式）（4）感叹句15、句子成分（1）主语Bettylikeshernewbike.Hegetsupearlyeveryday.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.（2）谓语（主谓一致）Weworkhard.Theboycaughtabird.Heismybrother.Theyalllookfine.（3）表语Hersisterisanurse.It'sme.I'mready.Hegotangry.Wewereathomelastnight.Hiscupisbroken.（4）宾语Tomboughtastory-book.Isawhimyesterday.Hewantedtohaveacupoftea.（5）直接宾语和间接宾语Hegavemesomeink.Ourteachertoldusaninterestingstory.（6）宾语补足语CallherXiaoLi.Youmustkeeptheroomclean.Johnaskedmetohelphim.（7）定语Thisisagreenjeep.Thisisanappletree.Arethesestudentsyourclassmates?Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.（8）状语Youarequiteright.ShewillarriveinBeijingonMonday.Hestoppedtohavealook.16、简单句的基本句型第一种：主语＋连系动词＋表语（S＋V＋P）Thebikeisnew/intheroom.第二种：主语＋不及物动词(S＋V)Heswims.第三种：主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S＋V＋O)Childrenoftensingthissong.第四种：主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋IO＋DO)Sheshowedherfriendsallherpictures.第五种：主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S＋V＋O＋C)Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.第六种：therebe句型17、主谓一致—Didyougototheshowlastnight?—Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea invitedA．wereB．havebeenC．hasbeenD．was【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据问句的时态可知此处时态用一般过去时。And连接的单数可数名词作主语，其前用every,each,no,manya等来修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式，故本题选D。A项主谓一致错误；B项时态、主谓一致错误；C项时态错误。18、并列复合句Helikesmaths,butheneedshelp.Ihelphimandhehelpsme.19、主从复合句（1）宾语从句Hesaid（that）hefeltsick.ItakebackwhatIsaid.Idon'tknowwhether（if）shestillworksinthefactory.Ican'ttellwhoisthere.CanyoutellmewheretheSummerPalaceis?（2）状语从句ThetrainhadleftwhenIgottothestation.I'llgowithyoutothecinemathisafternoonifI'mfree.Thestudentswenttothefarmbecausethefarmersneededsomehelp.Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon.Hewassotiredthathecouldn'twalkon.Jackworkedhardsothathemightgetagoodjob.DoctorWangwenttothehospitalthoughitrainedheavily.（3）定语从句Findthegirlwhoiswearingaredskirt.Showmethepicturethatyoulikebest.Colourthebirdswhich（that）areflying.（4）主语从句（5）同位语从句（6）表语从句20、直接引语与间接引语“IwillgotoShijiazhuangtomorrow”，momsaid.玲MomsaidshewouldgotoShijiazhuangthenextday.21、省略一、祈使句自然可省去主语，如：Leavehiminpeace!不要去打扰他！Comeatoneo'clocksharp.准一点钟来。Listentome,children!听我讲，孩子们！Lookbothwaysbeforeyoucrosstheroad.过马路之前要向两边看看。二、除祈使句外，还有其他省去主语的情况，如：Don'tknow.我不知道。（省去主语I）Begyourpardon.请原谅。（省去主语I）Hadagoodtime,didn'tyou?玩得很好，不是吗？（省去主语you）Doesn'tlooktoowell.他脸色不大好。（省去主语he或she）Lookslikerain.像是要下雨了。（省去主语it）三、Mustbesomebodywaitingforyou.一定是有人在等你。Appearstobeabigcrowdinthehall.大厅里似乎有一大群人。22、倒装一、全部倒装全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首，谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run。例如：Theregoesthebell.铃声渐渐消失了。Thencamethechairman.然后主席就来了Hereisyourletter.这是你的信。表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。例如：Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.轰炸机下面发出了一颗导弹。Aheadsatanoldwoman.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如：Herehecomes.他来了。Awaytheywent.他们走了。二、部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。1.句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil...等。例如：NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.我从来没看过这样的表演。Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.你在哪儿都不会找到这个问题的答案。Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.妈妈直到孩子睡着才离开房间。注意：当Notuntil引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如：Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.我从来没看过这样的表演。Themotherdidn'tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.妈妈直到孩子睡着才离开房间。带有否定意义的词放在句首，语序需要部分倒装。常见的词语有：not,never,seldom,scarcely,barely,little,atnotime,notonly,notonce,underoncondition,hardly.when,nosooner.than.等。例如：Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.他不仅拒收了礼品，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.她刚要出门时有个学生来找她。Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.她刚要走时一个学生来看她。注意：只有当Notonly…butalso连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Notonly…butalso仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。例如：NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic.我和你都喜欢音乐。3.表示“也”、“也不”的so,neither,nor放在句首时，句子作部分倒装。例如：TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.Tom能说法语，我也能。Ifyouwon'tgo,neitherwillI.如果你不去，我也不去。注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。例如：TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.Tom让我去踢足球，我去了。---It'sraininghard.---Soitis.---雨下得很大。---的确很大。4.only放在句首，强调状语(副词，介词短语或状语从句等)，全句语序要部分倒装。例如：Onlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell.你只有用这种方法才能学好英语。Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.他被请了三次才来开会。注意：如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed.他只有病得非常严重时才会卧床休息。三、as,though引导的倒装句as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前(形容词，副词，分词，实义动词提前)。此时应注意：1)句首名词不能带任何冠词；2)句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如：Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.尽管他愿意努力工作，但是他好像从来都不能令他的工作满意。注意： 让步状语从句中，有though,although时，后面的主句不能有but,但是though和yet可连用。四、其他部分倒装so…that句型中的so位于句首时，需倒装。例如：Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.他害怕得动都不敢动。在某些表示祝愿的句型中,例如：Mayyouallbehappy.望大家开心愉快。在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词，可将if省略，把were,had,should移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。例如：WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.如果我是你,我就再试一次。23、强调一、强调句型为了强调句子的某一成分(通常是主语、宾语、或状语)，常用强调句型：Itis(was)+被强调部分+that(who)…表示强调的it在句子中作主句的主语；被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语；强调的主语如果是人，that和who都可用。如:LastnightIsawafilmintheYouthPalace.强调主语：ItwasIthat(or:who)sawafilmintheYouthPalacelastnight.强调宾语：ItwasafilmthatIsawintheYouthPalacelastnight.强调地点状语：ItwasintheYouthPalacethatIsawafilmlastnight.强调时间状语：ItwaslastnightthatIsawafilmintheYouthPalace.另外,还要注意下面几点：1)在强调主语时，that后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致。如：ItisIwhoamateacher.2）即使被强调的主语是复数，主句中的谓语动词也用单数。如：Itistheywhooftenhelpmewithmylessons.3）在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不能用when,where,why或how,而要用that。如：Itwasbecausehermotherwasillthatshedidn'tgowithus.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecentlythatIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.Itwasthehousethatthemurderhappened.4）在强调not…until结构中由until短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：Itis（was）notuntil……that.……注意此时原句的not...until要变成notuntil,that从句中的谓语动词要用肯定式。如：Myfatherdidn'tcomehomeuntil12o'clocklastnight.Itwasnotuntil12o'clocklastnightthatmyfathercamehome.Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.5)原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来的各种时态，用Itis...that(who)…；如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用Itwas…that(who)…6)在强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，主句要用一般疑问句的语序。that后面的原句其余部分在移走了被强调部分后词序及词形都不可以改动。如：DidthishappeninBeijing?WasitinBeijingthatthishappened?7)特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以强调，其强调结构是“疑问词+is(was)itthat……?"如：Wherewereyouborn?Wherewasitthatyouwereborn?8）强调句型容易和句型Itis/was+名词+that名词从句混淆。如果把构成强调句型结构的词Itis（was）…that（who）…去掉，被强调部分归位后，应该能够形成一个完整的句子（这也是判断是否是强调句型的方法）。但后者的Itis/was...that是不可去掉的，否则that前的名词就找不到位置，原句也不再成立，如下面这个句子如去掉Itis/was...that就不再完整：Itwastheruleoftheschoolthatthepupilsshouldweartheirschooluniforms.强调句型还容易跟Itis/was+形容词+that名词从句这一句型混淆。如：Itisclear（obvious,true,possible,certain）that该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为"清楚（显然，真的，肯定…）”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.Thathe’sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.9）强调句可以用作宾语从句。如：Hetoldmethatitwasbecausehewaslateforclassthathewaspunished.Ireallycan’trememberwhereitwasthatIfirstmettheman.10）强调句型可有如下变体：Itis/was变成“情态动词+be”。如：Itmaybemybikethatheisriding.Itmusthavebeenthemanagerthatspoketoyou.11）与疑问词连用构成特殊疑问句和感叹句。如：WhomwasitthatMr.Smithsawintheparkyesterday?Whyisitthatsilverisnotwidelyusedasaconductor?Whatabeautifulpictureitisthatyouhavedrawn!12）被强调的名词或代词可带有一个定语从句。如：WasitBill,whoplaysfootballwell,thathelpedtheblindmancrosstheroad?Itwasintheschool,where（or：inwhich）Ioncestudied,thatweholdaparty.Wasitinthehouse,whichwevisitedlastyear,thatthemurderhappened?二、用助动词do或其变化形式does,did来强调句中谓语动词，用来加强陈述句和祈使句的语气，译作“的确”，“一定”，“确实”。如：Hedidsendyoualetterlastweek.We’repleasedthatshedoesintendtocome.Dowritetomewhenyougetthere．三、用倒装句来加强语气。如：Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvethisproblem．NeverwillChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.Proudasthesenoblesare,theyareafraidtoseeme.Infrontofthefarmhousetheresatalittleboy.四、用形容词，副词或者否定词very,never,ever,even,still,single,simply,just,only,too等来表示强调。如：Atthatverymonentheheardacryforhelp.Ican'tevenrememberthenameofthatoldfriendofmine.Notasinglepersonhasbeenintheofficethisafternoon．YouaretheonlypersonherewhocanspeakChinese．ThisisjustwhatIwanted．五、用what引导的名词性从句或wh-疑问词+ever构成的复合词引导的状语从句来强调从句中的主语,宾语或状语等。如：WhatMarydoeseverydayistogivepianolessons.Wheneveryoucometome,youcancomerightin.六、反复使用同一个词来加强语气,可反复使用词的一般是动词,副词,形容词和名词。如：Heworked(and)workeduntillateatnight.Theywalkedformilesandmiles．I'llnever,neverforgetyou.七、用“atall”，“ineveryway”，“innoway”,“byallmeans”，“bynomeans”，“onlytoo”，“alltoo”，“buttoo”，“inheaven”，“intheworld”，“inhell”，“onearth”，“underthesun”等来加强疑问或否定语气。如：Whereintheworlddidyougojustnow?Whatonearthareyoudoing?She'snotintheleastangrywithme.Theclerkisnotatallfitforthepost.八、用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感。如：Howinterestingastoryitis！九、用反身代词表示强调。如：Imyselfwillseeheroffatthestation．Youcandoitwellyourself．十、用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气：It'sbecauseofhardwork—tenyearsofhardwork．24、虚拟语气概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是如果的意思。时态关系句型：条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will+动词原形Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.非真实条件句1)时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a.同现在事实相反的假设。句型：条件从句主句一般过去时should(would)+动词原形Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型：条件从句主句过去完成时should(would)have+过去分词Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含义：Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.含义：Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.c.表示对将来的假想句型：条件从句主句一般过去时should+动词原形were+不定式would+动词原形should+动词原形Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）Ifithadrainedlastnight（过去）,itwouldbeverycoldtoday（现在）.虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略，再把were,should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词‘be’的过去时态一律用‘仙©*‘，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就会去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。特殊的虚拟语气词：should1)Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that..结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形，should可省略。句型：(1)suggestedItis(2)importantthat.+(should)do(3)apity(1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)do(2)important,necessary,natural,strangeapity,ashame,nowonder(3)Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometoourmeetingtomorrow.2)在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+(should)doIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：如suggest,insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“