高考英语语法-状语从句复习攻略

高考英语语法-状语从句复习攻略一、状语从句的类型及引导词状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句九种。时间状语从句：由when,as,while,whenever,after,before,until/till,assoonas,since,once等连词，directly和immediately等词，bythetime,everytime,themoment,theminute等表示时间的短语以及nosooner...than或hardly...when弓［导。地点状语从句：由where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere等弓导。原因状语从句：由because,since,as,nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat等弓［导。目的状语从句：由so,sothat,incase,inorderthat,forfear(that)等弓［导。结果状语从句：由so(that),so...that,such...that,withtheresultthat等弓［导。条件状语从句：由if,unless,so/aslongas,onlyif,provided,onconditionthat,incase,suppose/supposing(that)等弓［导。让步状语从句：由although,though,evenif/though,as等连词，“疑问词+ever”构成的复合词，“nomatter+疑问词”或whether.•.or引导。方式状语从句：由as,like,asif/though,theway等弓导。比较状语从句：主要由than或as引导。二、弓导状语从句的常用连词注意事项whenwhen引导时间状语从句时，从句的动作既可与主句的动作同时发生，也可先后发生。如：HerbertwashavinghisdinnerwhenIsawhim.Whenthelightswentout,Ilitsomecandles.when可以引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”。如：I’llgiveittoyouwhenyousay“please”.whilewhile引导时间状语从句时，从句的谓语一般是延续性动词(如work,stay,wait,live等)。如：Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.2)while引导让步状语从句时，相当于although/though。while和although引导的让步状语从句不用倒装语序，though引导的让步状语从句可以倒装也可以不倒装。如：While/Although/Thoughthebrideishappy,shewillfeelhomesickatthebeginning.Happythoughthebrideis,shewillfeelhomesickatthebeginning.until和till1)until和till都表示“直到”，常可互换，但till一般不用于句首，也不用于强调句中。2)until/till从句与肯定的主句连用时，主句的谓语动词一般是延续性动词，表示主句的动作一直持续到until/till所表示的时间为止。如：Youmaystayhereuntiltherainstops.Mr.Bushremainedtheretillhisbrotherarrived.until/till从句与否定的主句连用时，主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词，表示“直到……才”，即主句的动作到until/till所表示的时间才开始。如：Davidwon’tgotobedtillhiswifereturns.Leodidn’tcomeuntilhehadgoneoverhislesson.4)notuntil引导的从句位于句首时，主句需部分倒装。如：NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.5)notuntil结构可用于强调句中。如：Itwasnotuntilshecametoseeusthatweknewhermotherwasillinbed.as1)as引导时间状语从句时，表示“当……时，随着”。如：Justasthetwomenwereleaving,amessagearrived.Theatmospheregetsthinnerandthinnerastheheightincreases.as引导原因状语从句时，一般放在句首，表示十分明显的原因或是已知的事实。如：Asitisraining,weshallnotgocamping.as引导让步状语从句时，通常用倒装结构。具体情况如下：“形容词+as+主语+系动词”或“副词+as+主语+实义动词”。如：Youngestasheisinourclass,hestudiesverywell.MuchasIlikeit,Iwon’tbuyit.名词+as+主语+系动词(句首的名词前多不带冠词)。如：Childasheis,heknowsalot.实义动词+as+主语+助动词/情态动词。如：FailasIdid,Iwouldnotabandonmygoal.Tryashemight,hecouldn’tlifttheheavybox.4)as引导方式状语从句时，意为“如，像，按照”。如：IdidasIwastold.as引导比较状语从句时，常用于as...as.・・和notso/as...as...结构中。如：Helencomestovisitmeasoftenasshecan.Hiseyesaren’tso/asblueastheylookinthefilm.nosooner...than和hardly...whennosooner...than和hardly...when意为“一 就……”。主句一般用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。nosooner,hardly位于句首时，主句的主谓语要部分倒装。如：Thewordshadnosoonerbeenspokenthanherealizedthatheshouldhaveremainedsilent.Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadwegottothestationthanthetrainleft.Hardlyhadwebegunwhenweweretoldtostop.so...that和such...thatso...that常用于以下结构：①so+adj./adv.+that从句；②so+adj.+a(n)+可数名词单数形式+that从句；③so+many/much/few/little+n.+that从句。如：Thequestionwassohardthatnoonecouldcomeupwithananswer.Eddieissohonestaboythatweallbelievehim.IhavehadsomanyfallsthatI’mblackandblueallover.such...that常用于以下结构：①such+a(n)+adj.+可数名词单数形式+that从句；②such+adj.+可数名词复数形式+that从句；③such+adj.+不可数名词+that从句。如：Itwassuchagreatshamethatyoucouldn’tbewithus.Theyweresuchextraordinarystoriesthatnoonebelievedawordofthem.It’ssuchniceweatherthatallofuswanttogotothepark.注意：so...that引导结果状语从句时，如果“so+形容词/副词”位于句首，则主句的主谓语要部分倒装。如：SodifficultwasittoworkouttheproblemthatIturnedtoTomforhelp.SoquietlydidshespeakthatIcouldhardlyhearher.7.“疑问词+ever”构成的复合词与“nomatter+疑问词可以引导让步状语从句。如：Whatever/Nomatterwhathappens,Iwilldoit.Whenever/Nomatterwhenhegoesout,hetakeshisdogwithhim.选用括号内合适的内容补全下面句子。 (Once,Unless)youcansleepwell,youwilllosetheabilitytofocus,planandstaymotivatedafteroneortwonights.Let’snotpickthesepeachesuntilthisweekend (sothat,eventhough)theygetsweetenoughtobeeaten.Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedto (whatever,whoever)winsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace. (While,If)wedon’tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone. (Once,Although)birdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.Overtime, (as,though)thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.Ireallyenjoylisteningtomusic (because,unless)ithelpsmerelaxandtakesmymindawayfromothercaresoftheday. (Since,While)on