裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记-第31课

Lesson31SuccessStory成功者的故事WhatwasFrank'sfirstjob?YesterdayafternoonFrankHawkinswastellingmeabouthisexperiencesasayoungman.Beforeheretired,Frankwastheheadofaverylargebusinesscompany,butasaboyheusedtoworkinasmallshop.Itwashisjobtorepairbicyclesandatthattimeheusedtoworkfourteenhoursaday.Hesavedmoneyforyearsandin1958heboughtasmallworkshopofhisown.InhistwentiesFrankusedtomakesparepartsforaeroplanes.Atthattimehehadtwohelpers.Inafewyearsthesmallworkshophadbecomealargefactorywhichemployedsevenhundredandtwenty-eightpeople.Franksmiledwhenherememberedhishardearlyyearsandthelongroadtosuccess.Hewasstillsmilingwhenthedooropenedandhiswifecamein.Shewantedhimtorepairtheirgrandson'sbicycle!参考译文昨天下午弗兰克.霍金斯向我讲述了他年轻时的经历。在退休前，弗兰克是一家非常大的商业公司的经理，但他小时候却在一家小铺里做工。他那时的工作是修理自行车，并且通常是一天工作14个小时。他靠多年积蓄，于1958年买下了自己的一个小铺子。20多岁的时候，弗兰克曾生产飞机零配件。那时他有两个帮手。几年之后，小铺子已经发展成了一个雇有728人的大工厂。弗兰克回想着他早年的艰难经历和走过的漫长的成功之路，微笑了。他正笑着的时候门开了，他的妻子走了进来。她叫他去修理孙子的自行车。【Newwordsandexpressions】（8）1retire[ri'taiə]v.退休2company['kʌmpəni]n.公司3bicycle ['baisik(ə)l]n.自行车4save[seiv]v.积蓄5workshop['wə:kʃɔp]n.车间6helper['helpə]n.帮手，助手7employ [im'plɔi]v.雇佣8grandson['grænsʌn]n.孙子一、单词讲解retire)vi．退休，退职giveuponesregularwork,esp.becauseofage例:Heretiredfromhisdirectorshipattheageof60.他60岁的时候从主管的职位退休了。2)v．（正式用语）就寝retireforthenight就寝3)V．退下例:Theladiesretiredintothedrawingroom.女士们到客厅里去了。drawingroom客厅（尤指私人大宅中的）retiredadj．退休的例:IamretirednowsoIhavetimetolearnEnglish.我现在退休了，有时间学习英语了。retirementn。退休，退职agracefulretirement体面的退休compulsoryretirement强迫退休resignvi．辞职例:Iwastiredofmyboringjob,soIresignedyesterday.我对那枯燥的工作感到厌倦，所以我昨天辞职了。employ雇佣employer雇主employee雇员hire雇佣recruit招募，征募解雇：dismissfireettheaxegetthesack失业：beoutofworkloseone'sjobhired，tiredandfired被雇佣了，累的半死又被解雇了。company1)n．公司，商号firm:指两个人以上合资经营的商业机构atradingfirm贸易公司corporation（美）股份有限公司（略为corp．）alimited(liability)company有限责任公司2)陪同，同座的人，交际，交往例：Ienjoyedhiscompany!有他为伴真是愉快！befondofcompany好交际3)伙伴，朋友，同伴例:Amanisknownbythecompanyhekeeps.（谚）近朱者赤，近墨者黑。bicycle自行车（口语成为bike）构成：bi（两个）+cycle（轮子）getonabicycle/mountabicycle上自行车getoffabicycle下自行车例：Canyourideabicycle?你会骑自行车吗？motorcycle摩托车／（口）motorbikesave1)v．挽救，救savesb/savesthAsIwasgettingonthebus,Islippedandhurtmyfoot.当我上公车的时候，我摔倒了并弄伤了脚。2、过去进行时和一般过去时：1)usedtodo“过去常常做...”，现在已经不这样了，可看成是一般过去时的特殊形式。相当于oftenDid---(was/were...)例:Iusedtogotoworkbybus.NowIgobycar.我过去总是乘公共汽车上班，现在我开车去上班。Before,Ioftenwenttoworkbybus.例:Heusedtobeapostmanalongtimeago.He'sataxidrivernow．很久以前他是一个邮递员，现在他是一个出租车司机。Hewasapostmanalongtimeago.例:Ihavegivenupsmoking.Iusedtosmokeveryheavily.我现在戒烟了，我过去吸烟吸的很重。Ioftensmokedveryheavilybefore.例:IusedtocollectstampswhenIwasaboy.当我还是小男孩的时候我收集邮票。MyuncleusedtoliveinNewZealandbuthe'snowlivinginAustralia.我的叔叔过去住在新西兰，现在住在澳大利亚了。2)beusedtodoing习惯（于）做…becomeusedtodoinggetusedtodoing例:Iusedtogotoworkbybus,butIamusedtogoingbybus.我过去总是坐公共汽车上班，而现在我习惯开车去上班。Heisusedtothiskindofjob.他已经对这种工作习惯了。Iamnotusedtogettingupearly.我不习惯于早起。You'llsoongetusedtoourwayofliving.你很快就会习惯我们的生活方式。Exercise：用正确的时态填空。l)Whilemywife____(work)inthekitchen,I____(sit)inthegarden.I____(look)atcarswhich(pass)inthestreet,whenasmallcar____(stop)outsidemygateandman____(get)out.2)IwasmostsurprisedtoseethatthemanwasTedHale.We____(be)atthesameschoolyearsago.Inthosedays,Ted____(come)toourhousenearlydayandweoften____(go)outtogether.3)We____(be)greatfriends,butonedaywe____(quarrel)andInever____(see)himagain.Ashe____(get)outofhiscar,I____(call)mylifeandweboth____(hurry)outtogreetanoldfriend.答案：l)wasworkingwassiftingwaslookingwerepassingstoppedgot2)were/hadbeenusedtocome/cameusedtogo/went3)werequarreledsawwasgettingcalledhurried三、课文讲解TextYesterdayafternoonFrankHawkinswastellingmeabouthisexperiencesasayoungman.asayoungman/whenhewasayoungman时间状语，交代叙述时间为过去时experience1)[u]经验，体验例:Experienceisthebestteacher.Iknowitfromexperience.经验是最好的老师，我凭经验知道的。2)[C]经验之事，经历haveapleasantexperience有一个愉快的经验例:PleasetellusofyourexperienceswhileinAfrica.给我们讲一下你在非洲的经历。experiencedadj．有经验的例：Heisanexperiencedworked．他是一个有经验的工人。askilledworker技工Beforeheretired,Frankwastheheadofaverylargebusinesscompany,butasaboyheusedtoworkinasmallshop.head1)头Iamtallerthanmysisterbyahead.我比我妹妹高一头。2)头脑，智力Twoheadsarebetterthanone.)三个臭皮匠顶一个诸葛亮。3)头目theheadofafirm公司总裁4)首位，最高位例:Whoisattheheadofyourclass?你们班第一名是谁？5)人头数，人数tendollarsperhead．每人10美元。aboveone'shead（深奥得）使人无法理解例:Thenovelisalittleabovemyhead.这个小说我无法看懂。usedtodo过去常常做...例：Iusedtodrink．我过去常常喝酒。Ididn'tusetodrink．我过去不常喝酒。Didyouusetodrink?你过去常常喝酒吗？[美]有时用：Used(you)to."例：Usedyoutodrink?你过去常喝酒吗？Iusedtorideabicycle,butnowIdriveaCadillac.我过去常常骑白行车，但是现在我开卡迪拉克。Iusedtorideabicycle,butitwasstolenyesterday.soIcamehereonfoot.IusedtolikeMary,butnowIlikeRose.我过去喜欢Mary，但是现在我喜欢Rose。Iusedtobeataxi-driver．我过去是一个出租车司机。Oh,really?Ididn’tevenknowyoucoulddrive.哦，真的吗？我不知道你会开车呢。Iusedtobealong-distancerunner,butI'msofatnow.我过去是一个长跑运动员，但是现在我太胖了。Itwashisjobtorepairbicyclesandatthattimeheusedtoworkfourteenhoursaday.it是形式主语，不定式才是真正的主语。在英语中。为避免头重脚轻，保持句子整体平衡，用形式主语it来代替真正的长主语：例：Itisquiteimpossibletofinishthislargebookinamouth．一个月看完这本大书是不可能的。Itisnecessaryforyoutoreciteallthepassages.背诵所有的课文是必要的。Itisinterestingtotalktoyou．和你谈话真有意思。Hesavedmoneyforyearsandin1958heboughtasmallworkshopofhisown.asmallworkshopofhisown(强调）/hisownsmallworkshopown放在所有格代词之后，强调特有，固有的意味。myownideas我自己的主意withmyowneyes亲眼目睹Dosoforyourownsake．为了你自己去那样做。onesown目已阴尔四例：Thethreechildrengrewupandhadfamiliesoftheirown.那三个小孩长大成人，并且结婚生子。onone'sown/alone独自，靠自己例：Herunsafactoryonhisown．他独自经营那家工厂。InhistwentiesFrankusedtomakesparepartsforaeroplanes.Atthattime.hehadtwohelpers.inone'stwenties在...二十几岁的时候inone'searlytwenties在...二十出头的时候inone'slatetwenties在...快三十岁的时候attheageoftwenty在二十岁inthetwenties在二十年代inthe1920，S在二十世纪二十年代粟配件，备件aeroplane飞机Inafewyearsthesmallworkshophadbecomealargefactorywhichemp~oyedsevenhundredandtwentyeightpeople.定语从句修饰factoryFranksmiledwhenherememberedhishardearlyyearsandthelongroadtosuccess.remember:recall;thinkbackhard1)坚硬的(反义词：soft)hardwood:坚硬的木头hardrock坚硬的岩石：2)困难的(difficult)ahardtasktocarryout要执行的艰难任务3)刻苦的，勤奋的ahardworker一个勤奋的工人4)艰苦的例Thesearehardtimes．那时是艰难的时期。5)严厉的，无情的ahardteacher一个严厉的老师thelongroadtosuccess漫长的成功之路Hewasstillsmilingwhenthedooropenedandhiswifecamein*stilladv．仍旧，仍然例:Hewasstillsmiling.Shewantedhimtorepairtheirgrandson'sbicycle!repair修理repair/mend/fixrepairawatch修表repairabike修车mendshoes修鞋mendtheroad修路，补路fixthewatch修理手表fixtheair-conditioner修理空调Specialdifficultiesexperience例:FrankHawkinswastellingmeabouthisexperiences.FrankHawkins正在给我讲他的人生阅历。Thisjobrequiresalotofexperience.这种工作需要有丰富的经验。Heisanexperiencedworker．他是一个有经验的工人。save例：Hesavedmoneyforyears．他攒了很多年的钱。Theyoungmandivedintotheriverandsavedtheboy'slife.那位年轻人调入水中，救了那个男孩的性命。work/job例:Itwashisjobtorepairbicycles.I'vejustfoundanewjob．我找到了一份新的工作。I'beginworkonMonday．我从周一开始上班。选择正确的词填空：1.Heisavery(experience)(experienced)doctor.2.Myfatherenjoydoing(jobs)(works)aboutthehouse.3.Iamlookingforanew(work)(job).4.Thegovernmentistryingtopersuadepeopleto(economize)(save)money.答案：1.experienced2.jobs3.job4.sa