河北省沧州市三校2022-2023学年第二学期高一英语期末测试卷（含解析）

第第页河北省沧州市三校2022-2023学年第二学期高一英语期末测试卷（含解析）高一英语期末测试卷

（满分：150分；时间：150分）

第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)略

第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

IfyouwanttoknowsomethingaboutBritishlife,theirspirit,andeventheirhumor,watchingsomeclassicBritishfilmswillcertainlyhelp.Herearesomerecommendedtoyou.

NottingHill

AfterthesuccessofhisfilmFourWeddingsandaFuneral,writerandproducerRichardCurtiscapturedtheessenceofbeingBritishin1999’sNottingHill.Setagainstthebackgroundofaffluent(富足的)WestLondon,thefilmbecamepopularforitscharmingandfunnyportrayal(刻画)ofaBritishnobodytryingtoimpressaHollywoodstar.

TheFullMonty

This1997filmisaSheffield-basedcomedyaboutsixunemployedmenwhoformagrouptomakemoneyforabetterlife.Despiteitshummer,thefilmdivesdeeperintosomeseriousissuessurroundingworking-classculture.TheFullMontyisanupliftingfilmthatgivesaninsightintotheworkandlifeoftheworkingclassinBritain.

Trainspotting

DannyBoyle’s1996comedy-dramaTrainspottingisaboutagroupofScotsinthe1980s,basedonthebookbyIrvineWelsh.WithacastoftrulygreatactorsincludingEwanMeGregor,thetaleimpressedtheaudienceglobally.Itrapidlybecameacriticalsuccess.

MontyPython’sLifeofBrian

Featuringajam-packedcastofcomedicstars.MontyPython’sLifeofBriantellsthestoryofayoungmanwhoisinacaseofmistakenidentity.ThefilmreflectstheunusualandwonderfulBritishsenseofhumour.Asafilmguaranteedtoentertain,MontyPythonsLifeofBrianisnottobemissedbythoselookingforaninsightintowhatmakestheBritishlaugh.

1．WhatcantheaudiencelearnaboutbywatchingTheFullMonty

A．HardshipsofcomedicstarsB．DailylifeofpeopleinWestLondon

C．UniqueexperiencesofsomeScots.D．LifeoftheBritishworkingclass.

2．WhatkindoffilmdoesMontyPython’sLifeofBrianbelongto

A．Acomedyfilm.B．Asciencefictionfilm.

C．AnactionmovieD．Ahorrormovie.

3．Whichofthefollowingfilmsisadaptedfromabook

A．NottingHill.B．TheFullMonty.

C．Trainspotting.D．MontyPython’sLifeofBrian.

B

Oneday,Tom’steacher,MissMak,heldaclassmeeting.“TherewillbeaflagdaynextSaturday.Doesanyonewanttojointhismeaningfulevent”askedMissMak.Tomwasinterestedinraisingmoneyforhomelesschildren,buthewasnotbraveenoughtotalktothestrangers,sohekeptquietinhisseat.

“Tom,youhaven’tsoldflagsbefore,”saidMissMaksuddenly.“Wouldyouliketohaveatry”Tomwashesitant,buthefinallynodded.

Ontheflagday,TomandAngelasoldflagsinabusystreet.“Ex-cuseme.Couldy-o-upl-ea-sebuy...”saidAngelasoftlytothefirstpersonshemet.Themansmiledandputafive-dollarcoinintoAngela’scollectionbag.Thenshesaidthanksandputaflagunderhisshoulder.“Ididit!”saidAngelahappily.“It’syourturnnow.”

Feelingnervous,Tombegantoshake.Soon,hesawayoungladywalkingtowardshim.Theladywassmilingandholdingafewcoinsinherhand.Sheasked,“AreyousellingflagsforFundfortheHomelessChildren”Tom’sfaceturnedredandsaidyes.ThentheladymadethedonationandTomgaveheraflag.“Youmadeit!”laughedAngela.

Inthenextcoupleofhours,AngelaandTomsoldflagsquicklyandbravely.Atlast,theircollectionbagsweresoheavythattheyhadtoholdthemwithbotharms.Theyfeltveryproud.

4．WhydidTomkeepquietinhisseat

A．Hehadotherplans.B．Hedidn’tlikeMissMak.

C．Hewasnotinterestedintheactivity.D．Hewasnotbraveenoughtotalktothestrangers.

5．WheredidTomandAngelasellflags

A．Inabusystreet.B．Intheirschool.

C．Inatallbuilding.D．Inasmallgarden.

6．HowmuchdidthefirstmanpayAngelafortheflag

A．Fivedollars.B．Tendollars.C．Fifteendollars.D．Twentydollars.

7．HowdidTomandAngelafeelaftertheysoldtheflags

A．Bored.B．Shy.C．Proud.D．Sad.

C

October15thisGlobalHandwashingDay.Activitiesareplannedinmorethantwentycountriestogetmillionsofpeopleinthedevelopingworldtowashtheirhandswithsoap.

Expertssaypeoplearoundtheworldwashtheirhandsbutveryfewusesoapatso-calledcriticalmoments.Theseincludeafterusingthetoilet,aftercleaningababyandbeforetouchingfood.

GlobalHandwashingDayistheideaofthePublic-PrivatePartnershipforhandwashingwithsoap.Thegoal,theysay,istocreateacultureofhandwashingwithsoap.Theorganizerssayallsoapisequallyeffectiveatremovingdisease-causinggerms(细菌).Theysaythecorrectwaytowashistowetyourhandswithasmallamountofwaterandcoverthemwithsoap.Rubitintoallareas,includingunderthefingernails.Then,washwellunderrunningwater.Finally,dryyourhandswithacleancloth.

ThePartnershipsayssoapisimportantbecauseitincreasesthetimethatpeoplespendwashing.Soapalsohelpstobreakupthedirtthatholdsmostofthegerms.Anditusuallyleavesapleasantsmell,whichincreasesthechancesthatpeoplewillwashagain.

Italsosaysthatwashinghandswithsoapbeforeeatingandafterusingthetoiletcouldsavemorelivesthananymedicine.Itcouldhelpreducecasesofdiarrhea(痢疾),whichisthesecondleadingcauseofchilddeaths,killingmorethanoneandahalfmillionchildrenayear,byalmosthalf.

8．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthepassage

A．Tokeephealthybywashinghands.

B．Towashhandswithsoap.

C．Totakeactiontowashhands.

D．Towashhandsoften.

9．Whichofthefollowingistherightwaytowashhands

a.Washinghandswell.

b.Coveringhandswithsoap.

c.Dryinghands.

d.Rubbinghandswithsoap.

e.Wettinghands.

A．a-c-b-e-dB．e-d-a-b-c

C．a-c-b-d-eD．e-b-d-a-c

10．Whichfactcan’texplainwhysoapisimportant

A．Itgivespeoplealongerhandwashingtime.

B．Ithelpstoremovealotofgermsfromhands.

C．Itattractspeopletodomorehandwashing.

D．Itgetsallpeopleintothehabitofwashinghands.

11．Accordingtothelastparagraph,diarrheaisadiseasethat.

A．killshalfofthekidsinthedevelopingcountriesayear

B．causesthegreatestnumberofchilddeaths

C．canbepreventedtosomedegreebywashinghandswithsoap

D．can’tbecuredwithoutwashinghands

D

We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.

What’stheproblemIt’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.

“Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,”saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,”heexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.”

Ina2023study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;heother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.“It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,”saysDunn.“Butinteractionswithperipheral(外围的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.”

Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.“Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,”hesays.

12．WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci

A．Showinggoodmanners.

B．Relatingtootherpeople.

C．Focusingonatopic.

D．Makingbusinessdeals.

13．Whatdoesthecoffeeshopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk

A．Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.

B．Itraisespeople’sconfidence.

C．Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.

D．Itmakespeoplefeelgood.

14．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext

A．ConversationCounts

B．WaysofMakingSmallTalk

C．BenefitsofSmallTalk

D．UncomfortableSilence

15．Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph

A．Addictiontosmartphones.

B．Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.

C．Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.

D．Impatiencewithslowservice.

第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。

HowtoCommunicateWithaDeafPerson

Communicatingwithadeafpersondoesn’thavetobeasdifficultasitmightseem.Thetrickistobepatient,straightforward,andtorememberthatdeafpeoplecommunicatevisually.

Method1:StartingYourConversation

16Youcandothisbymovingintotheperson’sfieldofvisionandwavingfromapolitedistance,orbytappingthepersongentlyontheshoulder.

Positionyourselfcarefully.Makesurethatthelightintheroomisshiningdirectlyontoyourface,andthatyou’renotstandingwithyourbacktoalight.17

Findouthowthepersonpreferstocommunicate.Somedeafpeoplearebetterlip-readersthanothers.Somedeafpeoplemayprefertowritebackandforthortouseaninterpreter.Maninteractionsbetweenthedeafandthehearingrequireacombinationofthesemethods.18

Method2:CommunicatingThroughLip-reading.

Keepyoursentencessimpleanduseplainlanguage.19Themorecomplexyourphrasingandvocabulary,themorelikelyyourdeafcompanionistomisssomething.

Whensomeoneelseisspeaking,don’tturnawayfromthedeafpersoninyourgroup.20Youdon’thavetolookatthedeafpersonwhilesomeoneelseistalking,buttrytomakesureyourfaceisvisible.

A．Gettheperson’sattention.

B．It’simportantnottotalktooquickly.

C．Or,they’llmisspartsoftheconversation.

D．Ifso,it’llmakethemfeelleftoutoftheconversation.

E．Standdirectlyinfrontoftheperson,atanormaldistance.

F．Thebestwaytoknowwhichmethodsaremosteffectiveistoask.

G．Trynottobetoodifficultwhenusingyourwordsinthebeginning.

第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

AyounggirlissmilingatmefromapictureframeonmydeskasIwritethis.SheisachildIoncesponsoredfromthePhilippines.EventhoughIhavenevermetherinperson,shehasfounda(n)21placeinmyheart.Itdoesn’t22memuchtohelpher,aboutadollaraday.Yet,millionsofpeopleinthisworldliveonless.The23thathelpinghergivesme,however,isbeyond24.Itconnectsmetoher,tolife,andtolove.

Icanstill25thefirsttimethatIdecidedtohelpachildoverseas.Itwasmanyyearsago.Iwasonlyateenagermyselfandhadalittleextra26eachmonth.Ididn’tfeellike27anything,though.Wehad28everythingwehadinahousefireafewyearsbefore.Goingthroughthathadtaughtmealot.IhadlearnedthatIdidn’tneedalotof“stuff”tobe29.Ihadalsoreadalotaboutthe30ofchildreninpoorcountriesaroundtheworld.ItseemedlikeafarbetterthingthentogivewhatIcouldtohelpthem.Withmymom’sloveand31,IsoonfoundafeworganizationslikeChildrenInternationalthatwere32othersaroundtheworld.Itfeltsogoodbeingabletoreachoutandhelpanotherinneed.Itfeltsogoodbeingabletomakeevenonelifebetter.Icouldfeelthecompassionand33growingwithinmeandbeginningtochangeme.

Empathy(共鸣)doeschangeus.Ithelpsusto34,tobekind,andtomakethisworlda35place.

21．A．specialB．airyC．tinyD．whole

22．A．sufferB．bringC．costD．give

23．A．wealthB．anxietyC．challengeD．joy

24．A．imaginationB．complaintsC．priceD．research

25．A．rememberB．doubtC．admitD．realize

26．A．moneyB．timeC．energyD．labor

27．A．doingB．buyingC．facingD．missing

28．A．storedB．developedC．lostD．searched

29．A．happyB．relaxedC．energeticD．positive

30．A．technologyB．sufferingC．storiesD．atmosphere

31．A．marriageB．trustC．supportD．faith

32．A．treatingB．praisingC．honoringD．serving

33．A．reliefB．empathyC．easeD．guilt

34．A．attackB．changeC．loveD．sponsor

35．A．worseB．saferC．firmerD．better

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

OnSeptember11,2023,OmarEduardoRivera,ablindcomputertechnician(技术员),wasworkingonthe71stflooroftheWorldTradeCenterwithhisguidedog36(name)Dorado.Whenthehijacked(被劫持的)planehitthetower,Riveraknew37wouldtakehimalongtimetoescapefromthebuilding,buthewantedhislovelydogtohaveachance38(get)outsohesethimfreeinthecrowdedstairwell.“IthoughtIwaslostforever—thenoiseandtheheatwere39(terrify)—butIhadtogivehimthechanceofescape.SoItouchedhishead,gavehimapushandorderedhimtogo,”Riverasaid.

Thedog40(immediate)disappearedintothecrowd,butafew41(minute)laterRiverafeltthedogfeelinghislegs.Doradocamerightbacktohissideandaco-worker42(bring)byhimaswell.ThenDoradoandtheselflessco-worker43(help)Riveraclimbdown70flightsofstairs,44tooknearlyanhour.Nosoonerhadtheyescapedfromthebuilding45itfelldowncompletely,andRiverasaysheoweshislifetohisfaithfuldog.

第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分)

第一节(满分15分)

46．假定你校正在举办主题为MyEnglishlearningexperience的征文比赛。请你写一篇短文参赛，介绍你学习英语的成功经验，内容包括：

1.你学习英语时遇到的困难;

2.你是如何克服困难的;

3.你的建议。

注意：

1.词数100左右;

2.题目已为你写好。

MyEnglishlearningexperience

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

第二节(满分25分)

47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Therewasonceatroubledfamily.Theparentsspoiledtheirchildren.Theson,John,lovedtoplayvideogamesalldaylongwhensummervacationwasaroundandhedidnotliketostudy.Thedaughter,Emily,ontheotherhand,lovedstudyingwithoutplay.Toher,videogameswereforfoolishpeoplewhowereunabletoachieveanythinguseful.Lifewentonwithparentscomplainingandnotchanginganything.

Onedaytwonewneighborsarrivedintheirneighborhood.OnelivedontherightsideofJohn’shousewhiletheotherlivedontheleftsideofJohn’shouse.Thesetwopeopleweretwins.Theydidnotcommunicatewithanyoneotherthanthemselves.Johnandhisfamilyfeltuncomfortablelivingrightbetweenthem.Strangesoundscamefromtheirhouseseverymidnightuntiltheafternoon.Peopleheardandsawthunderandlightningcomingfromthehouse.Afteracoupleofweeksoflightningflashing,machinesroaring,thisdisturbedeveryhousehold.Everyonecouldnothelpbutwonderwhattheirnewneighborsweredoing.Itwaswhisperedthattheywereinventingatimemachineinsecret.

Peoplewerebeginningtodislikethem.Everymomenttheyheardthesenoises,theyfeltlikesomethingwasgoingtoexplodesoon.TodealwiththisproblemJohnandEmily’sparentswalkedtobothhousestospeakwiththeowners.Butoneachdoorhungasignthatsaid,“DONOTDISTURB!”Theytriedknockingthedoorandnoonerespondedorcameoutfromthehouse.Themachinenoisekeptgoingbutonceinawhileitdidstopforasmallbreakbeforeitcontinued.Theytriednearlyeverydaytogettheattentionoftheirnewneighbors.Butintheendtheygaveup.Theydecidedtosendtheirkidstogettheirattentioninstead.Sotheymadeaplanandthekidssuccessfullyenteredtheneighbor’shouses.

注意：

1．续写词数应为150左右；

2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph1:

Unexpectedly,thekidsbothexperiencedajourneytotheirownfuturethere.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph2:

Afterreturningfromtheneighbor’shouses,thetwokidschangedtotally.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

试卷第10页，共10页

参考答案

1．D2．A3．C

【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了有助于了解英国人的生活和精神，甚至他们的幽默的4部经典的英国电影。

1．细节理解题。根据TheFullMonty部分“TheFullMontyisanupliftingfilmthatgivesaninsightintotheworkandlifeoftheworkingclassinBritain.(《欢乐满月》是一部令人振奋的电影，它深入了解了英国工人阶级的工作和生活。)”可知，观众观看TheFullMonty，能从中了解到英国工人阶级的工作和生活。故选D。

2．推理判断题。根据MontyPython’sLifeofBrian部分“Featuringajam-packedcastofcomedicstars,MontyPython’sLifeofBriantellsthestoryofayoungmanwhoisinacaseofmistakenidentity.ThefilmreflectstheunusualandwonderfulBritishsenseofhumour.Asafilmguaranteedtoentertain,MontyPython’sLifeofBrianisnottobemissedbythoselookingforaninsightintowhatmakestheBritishlaugh.(巨蟒剧团的《布莱恩的一生》汇聚了一众喜剧明星，讲述了一个被认错身份的年轻人的故事。这部电影反映了英国人独特而精彩的幽默感。作为一部保证娱乐的电影，巨蟒剧团的《布莱恩的一生》是那些想要了解英国人笑点的人不容错过的。)”可知，这部电影中，喜剧明星云集，反映了英国人独特而精彩的幽默感，所以属于喜剧电影。故选A。

3．细节理解题。根据Trainspotting部分“DannyBoyle’s1996comedy-dramaTrainspottingisaboutagroupofScotsinthe1980s,basedonthebookbyIrvineWelsh.(丹尼·博伊尔1996年的喜剧Trainspotting是根据欧文·威尔士的小说改编的，讲述了20世纪80年代一群苏格兰人的故事。)”可知，rainspotting是根据欧文·威尔士的小说改编而来的一部电影，故选C。

4．D5．A6．A7．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了汤姆和安吉拉通过卖旗来为无家可归的孩子筹款的故事。

4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Tomwasinterestedinraisingmoneyforhomelesschildren,buthewasnotbraveenoughtotalktothestrangers,sohekeptquietinhisseat.(汤姆对为无家可归的孩子筹款很感兴趣，但他没有足够的勇气和陌生人说话，所以他在座位上保持沉默)”可知，汤姆在座位上保持安静是因为他没有足够的勇气和陌生人说话。故选D。

5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Ontheflagday,TomandAngelasoldflagsinabusystreet.(在卖旗日，汤姆和安吉拉在一条繁忙的街道上卖旗)”可知，汤姆和安吉拉在一条繁忙的街道上卖旗帜。故选A。

6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Themansmiledandputafive-dollarcoinintoAngela’scollectionbag.(那人笑了笑，把一枚五美元的硬币放进了安吉拉的募捐袋里)”可知，第一个人花了五美元买了安吉拉的旗。故选A。

7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Theyfeltveryproud.(他们感到非常自豪)”可知，汤姆和安吉拉卖了旗子后感觉骄傲。故选C。

8．B9．D10．D11．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国际洗手日以及这个节日践行用肥皂洗手的理念和其作用。

8．推理判断题。由第一段“October15thisGlobalHandwashingDay.Activitiesareplannedinmorethantwentycountriestogetmillionsofpeopleinthedevelopingworldtowashtheirhandswithsoap.(10月15日是全球洗手日。计划在20多个国家开展活动，让发展中国家的数百万人用肥皂洗手)”，第三段中的“GlobalHandwashingDayistheideaofthePublic-PrivatePartnershipforhandwashingwithsoap.Thegoal,theysay,istocreateacultureofhandwashingwithsoap.(全球洗手日是公私合作组织用肥皂洗手的理念。他们说，目标是创造一种用肥皂洗手的文化)”和文章其他段落可知，文章介绍了国际洗手日以及这个节日践行用肥皂洗手的理念和其作用，可得出文章的目的就是让人们用肥皂洗手。故选B项。

9．细节理解题。由第三段中的“Theysaythecorrectwaytowashistowetyourhandswithasmallamountofwaterandcoverthemwithsoap.Rubitintoallareas,includingunderthefingernails.Then,washwellunderrunningwater.Finally,dryyourhandswithacleancloth.(他们说正确的洗手方法是用少量的水弄湿你的手，然后用肥皂盖住。把它擦到所有部位，包括指甲下面。然后，用自来水冲洗干净。最后，用干净的布擦干你的手)”可知，正确的洗手方式：e(弄湿双手)-b(用肥皂盖住手)-d(用肥皂搓手)-a(好好洗手)-c(干燥双手)。故选D项。

10．细节理解题。由第四段中的“ThePartnershipsayssoapisimportantbecauseitincreasesthetimethatpeoplespendwashing.Soapalsohelpstobreakupthedirtthatholdsmostofthegerms.Anditusuallyleavesapleasantsmell,whichincreasesthechancesthatpeoplewillwashagain.(Partnership表示，肥皂很重要，因为它增加了人们洗手的时间。肥皂还有助于分解含有大部分细菌的污垢。它通常会留下一种令人愉快的气味，这增加了人们再次洗涤的机会)”可知，肥皂很重要的原因A、B和C项都提到了，但D项“它使所有人都养成了洗手的习惯”没有提及。故选D项。

11．推理判断题。由最后一段“Italsosaysthatwashinghandswithsoapbeforeeatingandafterusingthetoiletcouldsavemorelivesthananymedicine.Itcouldhelpreducecasesofdiarrhea(痢疾),whichisthesecondleadingcauseofchilddeaths,killingmorethanoneandahalfmillionchildrenayear,byalmosthalf.(它还说，饭前和如厕后用肥皂洗手比任何药物都能挽救更多的生命。它可以帮助将腹泻病例减少近一半，腹泻是导致儿童死亡的第二大原因，每年导致150多万儿童死亡)”可知，饭前便后用肥皂洗手能拯救更多的生命，会减少一半的患痢疾，故可推知痢疾是一种可以通过用肥皂洗手预防的疾病。故选C项。

12．B13．D14．C15．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了当前社会中存在与陌生人缺乏交流的现象，通过一项研究指出闲聊是有好处的。

12．细节理解题。根据第三段中““Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,”heexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.””（“几乎每一个伟大的爱情故事和每一笔大生意都是从闲聊开始的，”他解释说。“成功闲聊的关键是学会如何与他人建立联系，而不仅仅是与他们交流。”）可知，根据卡杜奇的说法，成功的闲聊最重要的是与他人的关系。故选B项。

13．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.”（结果显示，那些与服务员聊天的人表现出明显更高的积极情绪和更好的咖啡馆体验）可知，咖啡店的研究表明闲聊会让人感觉很好。故选D项。

14．主旨大意题。根据文章大意可知，文章首段通过描述当前社会中存在与陌生人缺乏交流的现象切入。第二段分析其原因并引入专家认为闲聊是非常宝贵的社会实践，能带来巨大的好处的观点。第三段通过一项研究，进一步具体指出闲聊的益处。最后一段说明闲聊是培养良好礼貌的基础。因此，本文主要是讲述闲聊的益处。故文章最好的标题是“闲聊的好处”。故选C项。

15．细节理解题。根据第一段“We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.”（我们都有过这样的经历：在电梯里、在银行排队或在飞机上，周围的人和我们一样，全神贯注地盯着自己的智能手机，或者更糟的是，在令人不安的沉默中挣扎）可知，第一段描述了陌生人之间缺乏交流的现象。故选C项。

16．A17．E18．F19．G20．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了与失聪者交流需要注意的几点。

16．空处为本段主旨句。该段下文“Youcandothisbymovingintotheperson’sfieldofvisionandwavingfromapolitedistance,orbytappingthepersongentlyontheshoulder.”（你可以走到对方的视野范围内，保持礼貌的距离向对方挥手，或者轻轻地拍对方的肩膀）可知要引起那个人的注意。结合选项A项Gettheperson’sattention.（引起对方的注意）符合题意，可以作为段落主旨句。故选A项。

17．根据本段主题句“Positionyourselfcarefully.”（小心地摆好姿势）与该空前句“Makesurethatthelightintheroomisshiningdirectlyontoyourface,andthatyou’renotstandingwithyourbacktoalight.”（确保房间里的光线直接照在你的脸上，而不是背对着灯光站着）可知，此处是保持一定距离，直接站在那个人的前方，所以E项Standdirectlyinfrontoftheperson,atanormaldistance.（站在对方的正前方，保持正常距离）符合题意，上下文紧密连接，和该段主旨内容一致，同时也是对上文内容的语意递进。故选E项。

18．根据上文“Somedeafpeoplemayprefertowritebackandforthortouseaninterpreter.Maninteractionsbetweenthedeafandthehearingrequireacombinationofthesemethods.”（一些聋人可能更喜欢来回书写或使用翻译。聋人与听者之间的人际交往需要这些方法的结合）提到，有些失聪者擅长读唇语，有些喜欢来回书写，有些喜欢翻译，所以最好的方法是知道哪种方法是最有效的，所以F项Thebestwaytoknowwhichmethodsaremosteffectiveistoask.（要知道哪种方法最有效，最好的方法就是去问）符合题意，承接上文。故选F项。

19．根据上文“Keepyoursentencessimpleanduseplainlanguage.”（保持句子简单，使用平实的语言）以及下文“Themorecomplexyourphrasingandvocabulary,themorelikelyyourdeafcompanionistomisssomething.”（你的措辞和词汇越复杂，你的失聪同伴就越有可能错过一些东西）可知，上下文都是讲的开始说话时，用的词尽量不要太难，由此可推断出，空格处内容与此相关，选项G项Trynottobetoodifficultwhenusingyourwordsinthebeginning.（在开始使用单词时，尽量不要太难）符合此推断，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。

20．根据上文“Whensomeoneelseisspeaking,don’tturnawayfromthedeafpersoninyourgroup.”（当其他人在讲话时，不要转过脸去看你们组里的聋哑人）推知，空处陈述如果这样做，他们的感受，所以选项D项Ifso,it’llmakethemfeelleftoutoftheconversation.（如果是这样，他们会觉得自己被排除在谈话之外）符合题意，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。

21．A22．C23．D24．C25．A26．A27．B28．C29．A30．B31．C32．D33．B34．C35．D

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了家里因为失火，一无所有，然而正是通过这件事，明白世界上还有很多需要帮助的人，于是他尽其所能来帮助他人。

21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我从未见过她本人，但她在我心中占有特殊的地位。A.special特殊的；B.airy空气的；C.tiny微小的；D.whole全部的。根据上文“EventhoughIhavenevermetherinperson(虽然我从未见过她本人)”可知，上下文之间是转折关系，此处指但是他在我心中占有“特殊的”地位。故选A项。

22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我帮她花不了多少钱，一天大约一美元。A.suffer遭受；B.bring带来；C.cost花费；D.give给。根据下文“aboutadollaraday(一天大约一美元)”可知，此处指“花费”不多。故选C项。

23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，帮助她给我带来的快乐是无价的。A.wealth财富；B.anxiety焦虑；C.challenge挑战；D.joy乐趣。根据空格后的定语从句“thathelpinghergivesme(帮助她给我的)”可知，帮助人会带来快乐，帮助小女孩也会带来“快乐”。故选D项。

24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.imagination想象；B.complaints抱怨；C.price价格；D.research研究。分析句意再根据beyond可知，此处用固定短语beyondprice表示快乐是“无价的”。故选C项。

25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我仍然记得我第一次决定帮助海外孩子的情景。A.remember记得；B.doubt怀疑；C.admit承认；D.realize意识到。根据下文“thefirsttimethatIdecidedtohelpachildoverseas(我第一次决定帮助海外的孩子情景)”可知，此处指仍然“记得”这一场景。故选A项。

26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时我自己也只有十几岁，每个月都有一点零花钱。A.money金钱；B.time时间；C.energy精力；D.labor劳动。根据上文“Iwasonlyateenagermyself(我自己也只是个十几岁的孩子)”可知，当时只是个孩子，所以此处应该是指只有一点“零花钱”。故选A项。

27．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：不过，我不想买任何东西。A.doing做；B.buying买；C.facing面临；D.missing错过。根据上文第6题的分析可知，当时的零花钱不多，也不想“买”任何东西。故选B项。

28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几年前，我们在一场房屋火灾中失去了一切。A.stored储存；B.developed发展；C.lost丢失；D.searched搜寻。根据下文“inahousefireafewyearsbefore(在几年前的一场火灾中)”可知，家里着火了，我们“失去了”一切。故选C项。

29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我已经明白，我不需要很多“东西”就能快乐。A.happy快乐的；B.relaxed放松的；C.energetic精力充沛的；D.positive乐观的。根据下文“ItseemedlikeafarbetterthingthentogivewhatIcouldtohelpthem.(这似乎比尽我所能帮助他们要好得多。)”可知，体会到获得“快乐”其实不需要很多东西。故选A项。

30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我也读了很多关于世界上贫穷国家的儿童所遭受的痛苦。A.technology技术；B.suffering痛苦；C.stories故事；D.atmosphere氛围。根据下文“childreninpoorcountriesaroundtheworld(世界上贫穷国家的孩子们)”可知，此处指读了关于这些孩子们遭受的“痛苦”。故选B项。

31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我妈妈的爱和支持下，我很快就找到了一些像国际儿童这样的组织，它们在世界各地为其他人服务。A.marriage婚姻；B.trust信任；C.support支持；D.faith信念。根据下文“IsoonfoundafeworganizationslikeChildrenInternational(我很快就找到了一些像国际儿童这样的组织)”可知，此处是指是在母亲的爱与“支持”下很快找到组织。故选C项。

32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.treating对待；B.praising赞扬；C.honoring尊敬；D.serving服务。根据上文“togivewhatIcouldtohelpthem(尽我所能去帮助他们)”可知，通过捐赠来帮助他们，所以找到的这些组织是为全世界人们“服务”的。故选D项。

33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我能感觉到同情心和同理心在我体内滋长，并开始改变我。A.relief宽慰；B.empathy共鸣、同情；C.ease舒适；D.guilt内疚。分析句意再根据and前的compassion可知此处用名词empathy表示“共鸣”与名词compassion并列。故选B项。

34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它帮助我们去爱，去善良，让这个世界变得更美好。A.attack袭击；B.change改变；C.love爱；D.sponsor赞助。分析句意再根据下文的tobekind可知，此处用love表示“爱”与kind相呼应。故选C项。

35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.worse更糟的；B.safer更安全的；C.firmer更坚固的；D.better更好的。根据上文“Itfeltsogoodbeingabletomakeevenonelifebetter.(哪怕能让一个人的生活变得更好，这种感觉也很好。)”可知，此处表示让世界变得“更美好”。故选D项。

36．named37．it38．toget39．terrifying40．immediately41．minutes42．wasbrought43．helped44．which45．than

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，在2023年9月，一位盲人电脑技术员OmarEduardoRivera经历了世贸大厦被撞击的911事件。他的爱犬找来了一位同事，这位无私的同事花了几乎一个小时帮他逃离了大楼。

36．考查非谓语动词。句意：2