广东高考英语基础写作指导

广东高考英语卷写作指导第一讲记叙文：如何写人一、写作指导高考英语基础写作中的写人侧重人物的介绍，可以用第一人称(如写求职信)，也可以用第三人称，时态常常用一般现在时和一般过去时，具体的人称和时态要依据写作的要求来确定。写作过程中要注意以下几个方面的问题：1．人物写作通常需要介绍人物的姓名、年龄、外貌、学历、经历、专业、爱好、特长、事迹、性格等多个方面，但英语基础写作需要严格按照写作要求来写，包括所给的全部信息点，既不能遗漏，也不能随意添加。2．对题目所给的信息要进行适当重组，安排好写作顺序，突出重点信息。重点信息通常是写作的目的所在，比如求职要重点突出学历、经历，新闻报道要重点突出事迹，介绍自己的老师、朋友要突出他们的特点，等等。3．正确运用描写人物的词汇和句型。4．注意运用正确的时态。描写人物的外貌、性格、兴趣等常用一般现在时，而描写人物的出生、教育背景、经历、事迹常用一般过去时。二、常用词语外貌特征：beautiful,bignose,blackeyes，fat,good-looking，handsome,healthy,near-sighted，ordinary-looking，pretty，short，strong,tall，thin,withabignose,withabigsmile,white-haired，1.80metrestall,etc.性格特点：absent-minded,attractive，bad-tempered，bereadytohelpothers,bright，charming，confident,diligent，friendly,generous,haveagoodtemper,humorous，independent,kind,kind-hearted，lazy，narrow-minded,naughty，patient，thinkofothers,smart，talkative，warm-hearted，wise，etc.出生年龄：atwenty-five-year-oldyoungman,asaboyof15,attheageof20,bebornonFebruary12th,1987,duringhischildhood,inone’sfifties,liveahappy/hardlife,spendhischildhoodinthecountryside,thesonofapoorfamily,whenhewasasmallboy,etc.兴趣爱好：beangrywithsbforsth,beangryabout,bedelightedindoing,begoodatsinging,beinterestedinEnglish,befondofmusic,becrazyabout,bepleasedwith,besickfor,besorryfor,bestrictinone’swork,beworriedabout,dowellinhisresearchwork,,enjoydoing,expecttodo,feelsurprisedat,haveastrongdesiretodo,lookforwardtodoingsth.,longfor(longtodo),makerapidprogressin,putone’sheartinto,takeapleasureindoing;wishtodo,workhardathisstudies,etc.教育背景：beadmittedtoBeijingUniversity,beenrolledin,failinthetest，amaster’sdegree,getonwellwithone’slessons,givesb.apassinggrade,，goabroadtofurtherone’sstudy,graduatefromPhysicsDepartmentofQinghuaUniversity,hisfatherwasverystrictwithhim,layagoodfoundationinEnglish,majorinhistory,4.事件话题(1)学校生活及学习成绩beactiveinclass,beinterestedin,beinterestingtosb.,befondof,begoodat,bepoorat,betiredofone’swork,beweakin,doone’shomework,dosportsafterschool,dowellin;educationforall-rounddevelopment(素质教育),examination-orientededucationsystem(应试教育),failinthetest,getadoctor’sdegree,getonwellwithEnglish,getan“A”intheexam,get90marksforEnglish,givesb.apassinggrade,haveagoodcommandofthelanguage,haveeightclasseseveryday,helpwitheachother,layagoodfoundationin,learn…byheart,majorinhistory,makefriendswithsb.,makeprogressin,putone’sheartinto,passtheexamination,studyingroups,succeedindoingsth.,takeanactivepartintheactivity,takeseveralcoursesatschool,workoutaproblem,workonamathsproblem,workhardat,etc.(2)师生关系及其活动befriendlytosb.,bekindtosb,beastrictteacher,bestrictwithone’spupils,bestrictinone’swork,besatisfiedwith,blamesb.forsth,correctthestudents’homeworkcarefully,devoteallone’stimetowork,formagoodhabitof,getonwellwithsb,giveadviceon,givesbalotofwork,helpsbwithsth,makeone’slessonslivelyandinteresting,praisesbforsth.,preparefortomorrow’slesson,questionsbon,teachsb.English,teachsbhowtodosth.,etc.(3)课余活动及周末生活dosomereading,enjoyafamilytrip,enjoydoingsth.,goswimming,goforanouting,gotothecinema,haveanoutingattheseashore,haveaswim,havedancesonweekends,haveapicnicattheweekend,haveaparty,holdasportsmeeting,Internetbar,netfriend,onlineloveaffair(网恋),playthepiano,playchess(basketball),seethesightsofBeijing,spendone’stimeinmanydifferentways,teachinafamily,etc.(4)交通情况abigtrafficjam,atrafficaccident,beverycrowdedinthestreet,beseriouslyinjured,bybus(train/ship/boat),driveacar,flightNo.2130,inasmallboat,givesb.alift,keepright,lieonthestreet,meetsb.atthestation,onthebus(train),onboard,onone’swaytoLondon,onthejourney,onewayonly,pickupsb.,rideabike,rideahorse,seesb.offattheairport,self-serviceticket,takeaflighttoNewYork,trafficlight,travelthroughChina,turnright,etc.(5)度假旅游NewYear’sDay,Women’sDay,MayDay,YouthDay,Children’sDay,Teachers’Day,Mid-AutumnDay,NationalDay,valentine’sDay,theSpringFestival,ahotspot,aplaceofinterest,atouristdestination,afive-starhotel,agoodrestaurant,areturnticket,asingleticket,acitywithalonghistory,aquietvillage,athree-daytour,anexperiencedguide,Beijing2008OlympicGames,beautifulscenery,inpeaktouristseasons,naturalattraction,onone’swaytoFrance,onthebackway,oneofthegreatwondersoftheworld,spendone’sholidaysonthesea,the11thAsianGames,travelagency,thetourroute,theinner-ringroad,traveltoEngland,theGreatWall,theSummerPlace,ZhongshanPark,etc.(6)环境保护agoodenvironment,areapollution,airpollution,airqualitystandard,AntarcticCircle,atmosphericchemistry,aheavyrain,aheavysnow,bepolluted,behot,becold,becool,becloudy,berainy,besunny,beflooded,climate,carbondioxide(CO2),chemicalchange,chemicalcleaningofcoal,climatechange,dirty,drought,dry,flood,earlywarningsystem,environmentalbehavior,environmentalquality,feelcomfortable,globalwarming,minus20degreescentigrade(-20°),30degreesabovezero(30°)，sealevel,warningcenter,wastes,watersurface,watertreatment,waterpollutioncontrol,weather,windstorm,etc.三、典型例文参考范文：DearJane,Iamverygladtotellyousomethingaboutourschool,GuangdongNo.3Middleschool.Itliesinasmalltownabout15kilometresawayfromtheseaandithasahistoryofover80years.Ourschool,coveringanareaofnearly150thousandsquaremeters,hasmorethan200teachersand3000seniorstudentsIthasthreeteachingbuildingsandsixdormitorybuildings,withmanyflowersandtalltreesallaround,soit’sverybeautiful.InourschoolwelearnChinese,maths,science,English,computer,PE,artsandsomeothersubjects.Wewarmlywelcomeyoutovisitourschoolinthesummerholidays.Bestwishes.Yourssincerely,LiHua参考范文：AbriefIntroductionoftheChineseSpringFestivalTheChineseSpringFestivalcomesonthefirstdayoftheChineseLunarYear,whichisusuallyinFebruary.Thereisanameforeachyear,suchasthedog,themonkey,thetigeroroneofthetwelveanimals,andthisyearistheyearofthepig.BeforetheNewYear’sDay,theChinesepeopleusuallygivetheirhousesagoodcleaningandonthelasteveningoftheoldyear,allthemembersofafamilywillgettogetherandhaveabigmeal.Onthefirstorseconddayofthenewyear,peopleusuallygotovisittheirrelativesandfriendsandgivesomeluckymoneytochildren.IwishyouhaveagoodtimeduringtheSpringFestival.参考范文1.OnJuly27th2007,Friday,we18classmates,includingJohnfromBritain,SinbafromIndiaandKeithfromtheUSA,wenttoLeeFarmtohelpthefarmers.Westartedoffat8o’clockinthemorning,andafteranhour’srideonthebus,wewalkedforanother15minutes.LeeFarmisabout60kilometresnorthwesttoourschool.Afewdaysagoitwashitbyastrongtornado,andmanyappleswereblownontotheground,sowehelpedtopickuptheapplesandputthegoodonesinthebaskets.Wefeltverytiredafterthework,butallofusthoughtitwasagreathelptothefarmers.2.LastWednesdayIgavealectureaboutChina’scultureandhistorytothe7thstudentsfrom9-11:30inthemorning.ThisisthefirsttimeIgavealesson,soIfeltverynervousandgreatpressure.Ipresentedforoneandahalfhours,introducingfromthedynastiesinancienttimestotherevolutionaryinrecenttimes,butIspentalotmoretimeonpresentChina,therenovation,theopenpolicyandtheeconomicdevelopment.Inthefollowinghourweexchangedideasandhadagooddiscussion,butIwassorrytofindthattheyknewlittleaboutChinaandraisedalotofstrangequestions.Ithinkweneedmoreculturalexchangeofthiskind,becausewecangetmorepracticeandtheforeignstudentscanunderstandmoreaboutChina.广东高考英语卷基础写作指导（系列3）

第三讲如何写图表类说明文

一、写作指导

图表类作文一直是高考的热点，其体裁可以是记叙文、议论文或说明文。本篇介绍如何备考图表类说明文。

图表类说明文要求根据图示、表格等所给的信息，通过定义、描述、数字对比和分类比较等方式，介绍图表所显示对象的特征，如形状、构造、性质、变化、功能、因果和方位等。图表类说明文常见的话题有：产品介绍、地点描述、方位描写、观点对比、变化分析、购物指南和操作说明等。写作这类文章需注意以下几点：

1．正确解读表格，不能添加或遗漏信息。

2．写作内容要条理清楚，层次分明。说明科技方面的内容常用定义法、比较对比法、分类法和因果法等；说明自然环境方面的内容常用时空次序法与分类法等。

3．说明文的语言要简练，用词要准确，避免夸张华丽的辞藻。

4．时态常用一般现在时，语态常用被动语态，有时用虚拟语气。

二、常用句型

1.介绍产品

Thecompanyhasmodernequipmentandlotsofseniorexperts.

Thiskindofproductcontainsmuchtopandnewtechnique.

It’sconvenienttocarryandeasytooperate.

It’saboutsixfeetlongandninefeethigh.

Itcostme100yuantobuythisdictionary.

2.介绍学校

Thereweremanysubjectsinourschool,suchasChinese,history,drawingandsoforth.

Ourschoolislocatedatthefootofagreenhill.

Inthemiddleoftheflowerbedthereisafountainwithmanycoloredflowersaroundit.

Infrontoftheschoolisabeautifulgardenwithalibraryonitsleftandalaboratoryonitsright.

Atthebackoftheschoolarethestudents’dormitoryandthedinning-hall,infrontofwhichliesthelargesportsfield.

Theteacher’sdormitorystandsbetweentheteachingbuildingandthestudents’dormitory.

3．行路指引

ItisnotverydifficulttofindyourwayfromtheDongfangHoteltotherailwaystation.

Whenyougetoutofthestation,turnleftandwalkdownthestreetuntilyouseethetrafficlights.

Turnrightatthethirdturning,andyouwillseeapostofficeatthecorner.

Goeastwardandyouwillseethemuseumoppositetothelibrary.

BusNo.2willtakeyourightthere.

Itwilltakeyouabout10minutestogettherebysubway.

4．介绍地方

TiananmenSquare,thelargestsquareintheworld,coversanareaofonemillionsquaremetres.

Guangzhou,thecapitalofGuangdongProvince,liesinthesouthofChina.

Ithasanareaof10,000squarekilometerswithapopulationofover2million.

Itisrichinnaturalsources,suchascoal,oilandgold.

Theweatherisneithertoocoldinwinternortoohotinsummer.

Builtinthe18thcentury,thetowerhaswitnessedtoomuchcomingandgoinginhistory.

5．新旧对比

Ourhometownusedtobeabeautifulplace,withthicktreesandgreengrasseverywhere.

Nowadayssomestudentscannotgotocollegebecauseofhightuitionfees.

Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthepastfewyears.

ItisknowntousallthatthelivingstandardoftheChinesepeoplehasgreatlyimproved.Inthelastdecades,advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforpeopletolivelongerthaninthepast.

Thesedays,peopleingrowingnumbersarebeginningtocomplainthatworkismorestressfulandlessleisurelythaninthepast.

6．数量表达

Outputisup30%lastyear.

Unemploymentmorethandoubledin1996.

Thepopulationhereisincreasingyearbyyear.

Accordingtoarecentsurvey,fourmillionpeopledieeachyearfromdiseaseslinkedtosmoking.

Fromthetablewecanseethattheworldpopulationisincreasingrapidly.

Thelatestsurveyshowsthatquiteafewchildrenhaveunpleasantassociationswithhomework.

Aninvestigationshowsthatmanyemigrantsthinkthatworkingatcityprovidesthemwithnotonlyahighersalarybutalsotheopportunityoflearningnewskills.

Statisticsshowa20%rise(reduction)intrafficaccidentscomparedwithlastyear.

Bicyclecan’tbecomparedwithothermeansoftransportationlikecarandtrainforspeedandcomfort.

三、实例分析

【例文1】父母为子女选择小学的情况调查

最近学校研究性学习小组对3000多名年轻的父母做了一个调查，调查主题、结果等内容如下表所示，请用英文给校英文广播站写一篇简介，介绍调查的情况。

写作要求：

1．简介必须包括图表所给的全部内容；

2．只能使用5个句子。

参考范文：

Recentlyasurveywasdonetoinvestigatewhatparentscaremostinchoosingprimaryschools.Thesurveyshowsthatlocationisthekeyfactorinchoosingschoolsfortheirchildren—halfofthoseinterviewedsaidthatbeingclosetotheirhomeswasthemostimportantfactorintheirchoice.

Teachingqualitycamesecond,withnearly40%oftheparentsworryingabouttheirchildren’sfuturecareer.Thesurveyalsoshowsthatone-tenthofthemexpectthatschoolshaveadvancedfacilities.

Morethan3,000parentsweresurveyedintheresearch.

【例文2】楼盘介绍

假设暑假你到某楼盘打工，正好有几名外国客人想买一套公寓楼，公寓楼及其周边的一些基本信息如下。请书面用英文向这几位客人介绍一下这套公寓楼。

写作要求：

1．简介必须包括图表所给的全部内容；

2．只能使用5个句子。

3．参考词汇：公寓楼apartment公寓单间flat

参考范文：

Theflathas110squaremetres,withonesitting-room,threebedrooms,onebathroomandonekitchen.Facingsouth,itisquitebrightintheroomsatdaytime.Notfarawayfromtheapartmentthereisasupermarket,aclinic,akindergartenandabus-stop.Thebuscanaccessthesubwaydirectly.Thepricefortheflatisabout6000RMBpersquaremetre.

四、即时训练【练习1】简介我国高等教育的发展情况

假设你在政府部门见习，请根据以下图标的信息，向几位到访外国客人询问你所在城市的教育发Z展情