广东省广州市荔湾区真光中学2023-2024学年高三上学期开学测试英语试题含解析无听力部分

第第页广东省广州市荔湾区真光中学2023-2024学年高三上学期开学测试英语试题（含解析，无听力部分）真光中学2023-2024学年高三上学期开学测试

英语

2023.8

本试卷共8页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节、阅读理解（共15小题，每题2.5分，共37.5）

A

Thesescience-themedfieldtripswillofferyoufantasticexperiences.

London’ssitesofscientificinterest

ExploreLondon’snotablesitesofscientificinterestalongtheRiverThames,startingatKewBridgeandwalkingtotheThamesBarrierduringthedaywithtalksintheeveningwithsomeprofessors.

VisittheLondonWetlandCentre,KewGardens,BatterseaPowerStation,andtheGreenwichObservatory.Youwillneverbefarfromtheriverasyouexperienceawiderangeoftopicsincludingwildlife,medicine,powergeneration,engineering,physicsandastronomy.

ThesciencehistoryofScotland

DiscoverEdinburghandGlasgow’smostfamousscientificthinkers,andlearnhowtheirideassupportedouremergingunderstandingoftheworldfromthe16thcenturyonwards.

EnjoyexperttalksandexplorekeysitesfromtheScottishEnlightenment(启蒙).Learnaboutthewidecastofadvocatesandhearfromguestspeakers,takepartinwalkingseminars(研讨会)andenjoyseveralmuseumtrips,aswellasvisitstotwoindustrialwonders,theFalkirkWheelandtheWhiteleeWindfarm.

Pre-HistoricSouthwestEngland

InvolveyourselfintheearlyhumanperiodstheBronzeandIronAges.Agentlewalkingtourthatexploresthepre-historicoriginsandevidenceacrossWiltshireandDorset.

VisitseveralNationalTrust,EnglishHeritageandUNESCOlistedsitesincludingStonehengeandMaidenCastleandheartalksfromthedirectorsoftheWiltshireandSalisburymuseums.

1．WhichsitecanyouvisitalongtheRiverThames

A．MaidenCastle.

B．TheFalkirkWheel.

C．TheWetlandCentre.

D．TheSalisburymuseums.

2．WhatisthevisittotheSouthwestEnglandaimedat

A．Acloserlookatthepast.

B．Abriefexposuretonature.

C．Anewviewaboutmysteries.

D．Adeeperunderstandingofart.

3．Whatcanvisitorsexpectduringallthethreetrips

A．Talkswithexperts.

B．Visitstomuseums.

C．Historyexplorations.

D．Scientificresearch.

B

Asparents,wealwayshopetodevelopcharactertraitsinourchildrenthatwillenhancetheirsuccessinlife.WhenourdaughterMeegan,theeldestoffivechildren,lostherfronttoothattheageofsix,wefoundthefollowingnotewrappedaroundthetinytooth.

DerToothFairy,

Plezelevemeyormajikwand(杖).Iwanttobeatoothfairy,too.

LuvMeegan

Recognizingpotentialleadershipskills,preciousopportunityandtheteachablemoment,the“ToothFairy”leftthefollowingnoteforlittleMeegan:

DearMeegan.

IhaveworkedhardtobeagoodToothFairyandIlovemyjob.Youaretooyoungforthejobjustnow.soIcannotgiveyoumywand.Buttherearesomethingsthatyoucanstarttodotoprepareyourselfforthejob.

1）Alwaysdoyourbestineveryjobthatyoudo.

2）Treatallpeopleasyouwishtobetreated.

3）Bekindandhelpfultoothers.

4）Alwayslistencarefullywheneverpeoplespeaktoyou.Iwillinterviewyouonedaywhenyouareolderandreadyforthejob

GoodLuck,Meegan!

TheToothFairy

MeeganwasthrilledattheresponsefromtheToothFairy.Shetookthemessagetoheartandcarefullyfollowedtheinstructions,alwaysworkingtoimproveasshegrew.Hercharacter,herstrengthandherleadershipskillsgrewrightalongwithher.Aftergraduatingmagnacumlaude(以优秀成绩)fromcollege.Meeganacceptedachallengingmanagementposition.Sheexcelled,andbyage27,shewasthetopmanagerofthecompany.

OnedayMeeganandIweretalkingabouthersuccess.Shetoldmethatthecompanypresidenthadonceaskedherwhatinfluenceshadmotivatedhertowardsuccess.

“Whatdidyoutellhim”Iasked.

Shereplied.“Myparents,myteacherandmyfriends.And,ofcourse,theToothFairy!”

4．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“theteachablemoment”referto

A．Meeganlostatooth.B．Meeganwrappedatooth.

C．Meeganwroteanote.D．Meeganreceivedanote.

5．WhowrotethereplynotetoMeegan

A．TheToothFairy.B．Herparents.C．Herteacher.D．Herfriends.

6．WhywasthemessagesocarefullyfollowedbyMeegan

A．IthelpedMeeganseehergoalreachable.

B．ItpromisedMeeganahigh-rankingposition.

C．ItdemonstrateddesirablecharactertraitstoMeegan.

D．IttaughtMeegantobuildenjoyableinterpersonalrelationships.

7．HowdidMeeganbecomesosuccessful

A．Shewasgiftedwithsupernaturalpower.

B．Shewasappreciatedforoutstandingtalent.

C．Shewasmotivatedtodevelopfinequalities.

D．Shewasencouragedtoworkinachallengingposition.

C

Lastyear,138,000SanFranciscoresidentsusedAirbnb,apopularappdesignedtoconnecthomerentersandtravelers.It’sastrikingnumberforacitywithapopulationofabout850,000,anditwasenoughforAirbnbtowinamajorvictoryinlocalelections,asSanFranciscovotersstruckdownadebatablerulethatwouldhaveplacedtimerestrictionsandotherregulationsonshort-termrentalservices.

Thecompanyfiercelyopposedthemeasure,PropositionF,withanearly$10millionadvertisingcampaign.ItalsocontacteditsSanFranciscanuserswithmessagesurgingthemtovoteagainstPropositionF.

MostpeoplethinkofAirbnbasakindofcouch-surfingapp.Theserviceworksforone-nightstaysonroadtripsandlongerstaysincities,anditoftenhasmorecompetitivepricingthanhotels.It’satextbookexampleofthe“sharingeconomy”,butnoteveryoneisafan.

TheapphashadunintendedconsequencesinSanFrancisco.AstheSanFranciscoChroniclereportedlastyear,asignificantamountofrentingonAirbnbisnotinlinewiththecompany'simage:middle-classfamiliesputtingupaspareroomtohelpmakeendsmeet.Someusershavetakenadvantageoftheservice,usingittoturntheirmultiplepropertiesintovacationrentalsorevenfull-timerentals.BackersofPropositionFarguedthatthistrendtakesspacesofftheconventional,better-regulatedhousingmarketandcontributestorisingcosts.

“Thefactis,widespreadabuseofshort-termrentalsistakingmuchneededhousingoffthemarketandharmingourneighborhoods,”saidShareBetterSF,agroupthatsupportedPropositionF.Hotelunionshaveprotestedthecompany’spracticesinSanFranciscoandothercities,sayingthatitcreatesanillegalhotelsystem.

SanFranciscoisinthemiddleofalong-term,deeplyrootedhousingcrisisthathasseenthecostoflivingexplode.Actually,explodeisagenerousterm.Theaveragemonthlyrentforanapartmentisaround$4,000.Locatedonanarrowoutcroppingoflandoverlookingthebay,SanFranciscosimplydoesn'thaveenoughspacetoaccommodatethemassiveinflowofyoung,high-salariedtechemployeesflockingtoSiliconValley.

AstheLosAngelesTimesreported,someSanFranciscoresidentssupportedthemeasuresimplybecauseitseemedlikeawaytocheckabigcorporation.OpponentsofPropositionFcounteredthatthehousingcrisisrunsmuchdeeper,andthatpassingtherulewouldhavediscouragedapopularservicewhiledoinglittletosolvethecity’sexistingproblems.

8．TheintentionofPropositionFisto______.

A．placetimelimitsinlocalelection.B．setlimitsonshort-termrental.

C．strikedownacontroversialrule.D．urgeuserstovoteagainstAirbnb.

9．WhatisthenegativeconsequenceofAirbnbonSanFrancisco

A．Itshrinksthelivingspaceofmiddle-classfamilies.

B．Usersaretakenadvantageofbytheservicefinancially.

C．Itmakesthehousemarketmorecompetitive.

D．Itindirectlyleadstohighhouserentalprice.

10．ThehousingcrisisinSanFranciscoresultsfrom______.

A．explosionofthelivingcostB．itsgeographiccharacteristics

C．generosityoflocalenterprisesD．inflowofmigrantpopulation

11．Theauthor’sattitudetowardPropositionFis______.

A．objectiveB．supportive

C．negativeD．indifferent

D

Humansarenottheonlyoneswhounderwentself-domestication.Sodidourcloserelatives,thebonobos,andthespecieswecallourbestfriend.Atinyproportionofthegenome(基因组)differentiatesdogsfromwolves,andyetmillionsofdogsarecomfortablycurledupinourhomes,whilewolvesmovearoundattheedgeofextinction.

Whenourresearchgroupbeganitsworkalmost20yearsago,wediscoveredthatdogsalsohaveextraordinaryintelligence:theycanreadourgesturesbetterthananyotherspecies.Wolves,incontrast,aremysteriousandunpredictable.Theirhomeisthewilderness,andthatwildernessisreducing.

Butnotsolongagotheevolutionaryracebetweendogsandwolveswassoclose,itwasunclearwhowouldwin.Dogs,infact,didnotdescendfromwolves.Instead,dogsandwolvessharedawolf-likeancestor.

Folkloresupposesthathumansbroughtwolfpuppiesintocampanddomesticatedthem.OraswolfexpertDavidMechwrotein1974,“Evidentlyearlyhumanstamedwolvesanddomesticatedthem,eventuallyselectivelybreedingthemandfinallydevelopingthedomesticdogfromthem.”Butthisstoryhasnotheldup.Tamingananimaloccursduringitslifetime.Domesticationhappensovergenerationsandinvolveschangestothegenome.

SohowdidwolvesturnintodogsBackintheIceAge,asourhumanpopulationsgrewmoresedentary,weprobablycreatedmorerubbish,whichwethendumpedoutsideourcamps.Theseleavingswouldhaveincludedtemptingpiecesoffoodforhungrywolves.Noteverywolfwouldhavebeenabletoscavenge(觅食，拾荒),however.Theseanimalswouldhavehadtobeunafraidofhumans,andiftheydisplayedanyaggressiontowardus,theywouldhavebeenkilled.

Aftergenerationsofselectionforfriendlinesswithoutintentionalselectionbyhumans,thisspecialpopulationofwolveswouldhavebeguntotakeonadifferentappearance.Coatcolor,ears,

tails:allprobablystartedtochange.

Animalsthatcouldrespondtoourgesturesandvoiceswouldbeextremelyusefulashuntingpartnersandguards.Theywouldhavebeenvaluableaswellfortheirwarmthandcompanionship,andslowlywewouldhaveallowedthemtomovefromoutsideourcampstoourfiresides.Wedidnotdomesticatedogs.Thefriendliestwolvesdomesticatedthemselves.

12．Whatcanbesummarizedaboutwolvesanddogsfromthefirstthreeparagraphs

A．Wolvesaresmarterthandogs.

B．Theyareverymuchraciallydivided.

C．Theyarecloserelativesbutdogsseemtobeonthewinningside.

D．Dogshavemadetheirwaystoindoorlifewhilewolvestothewild.

13．Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“sedentary”inparagraph5

A．diverseB．limited

C．livinginthesameplaceD．involvingregularmigration

14．Whatdoestheauthorconcludefromthehistoryofdogsandwolves

A．Dogsevolvedfromwolves.

B．Selectivebreedingdevelopeddomesticdogs.

C．Taminganddomesticatingananimalarethesamething.

D．Friendlinessasaqualitytranslatesintoanevolutionarystrategy.

15．Whichofthefollowingissuitableforatitle

A．FromWolftoDogB．Dog:OurFavoritePet

C．AnIntentionalDomesticationD．ACompetitionStorybetweenWolfandDog

第二节、七选五（共5小题，每题2.5分，共12.5分）

Colorisineverythingwetouch,taste,smellandfeel.Itevokes(唤起)emotionwithoutanythought.16Weareallfamiliarwithit,butdoyouknowthefollowingfacts

Silverwillsaveyourlife.Whenbuyinganewcarandfindingyourselffacingvariouschoices,youcan’tthinkclearly.Yourbestchoiceistogowithsilver.Silver-coloredcarsareleastlikelytobeinvolvedinacaraccident.17Anotherreasonisthesilvercolor’sabilitytohavealookofcleanliness.

18ToughprisonersandcrazypatientsItisthecolorcommonlyusedtohelpcalmdownthosewhoareoutofcontrol.Soitsurelyhasausefulplaceandapurpose,otherthandecoratingadressorBarbie’sdreamhouse.

Yellowmakesyouhungry.Yellowandorangearenotrecommendedforuseinkitchens,astheyhaveapositiveinfluenceonyourappetite.19I’mnotnormallyoneforconspiracy(阴谋)theories-butperhapsthere’ssomethinginitforthemifweremainignorantofyellow’seffects.

Colorisanimaginaryfriend.Technically,it’sallinourheads:colordoesnotexistatall.20So,ityoustartaheateddebateovercolorcombinationswithsomeonethatyouarecertainhasalowIQorisjustcolor-blind,rememberit’sapointlessargumentandyoushoulddropitinstantly.You’rebothwrong.

A．Pinkcomfortsthenerves.

B．Blueisthemostcommonfavoritecolor.

C．Theyaremostnoticeableontheroadandinlowlight.

D．Yellow-coloredwallsseldomleaveuswantingmorefood.

E．Itcanbethefocusofourcareers,ourlifestyleandthefunwehave.

F．Thenwherewouldourrestaurantownersbewithouttheclevertricks

G．Colortriestomakesenseofthehugeamountofinformationfromtheouterworld.

第二部分；语言运用(两节，满分30分)

第一节、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

Anewweekbegan.Marcusenteredtheschool.21,hecriedout,“Whathappenedtothestadium”Someonehadpaintedfacesonthestadiumwall!

Allstudentswerewhisperingwith22aboutthegraffiti(涂鸦).Possibleexplanationsspreadlikewildfirearoundtheschool.

Later,whenBriancleanedtheblackboard,Marcussuddenlyspottedthepaintonhishands.He23thatitwasBrianwhodidit.Afterschool,MarcusfollowedBrianand24onwhathewasdoing.WhenBrianopenedhislocker,Marcussawsmallcansofpaint!Hedecidedto25ittoMr.Johnson.

Thenextmorning,Brianwascalledtotheprincipal’soffice.ThemomentMr.Johnson26askedaboutthegraffiti,Briancried.27,Brianexplainedthathelikedtopaint,buthecouldn'tjointheartclubbecausehehadtogo28homeafterschooltobabysithislittlebrother.“I’msorry.I’llcleanthestadium,”hesobbed.

Thoughangryatfirst,Mr.Johnsonbegantosoftenasherealizedhow29Brianwas.“Brian,paintinggraffitionschoolwallsisaveryseriousmatter.Ofcourseyoushouldcleanand30thewall.”Mr.Johnsonpaused,“31Imustsay,thosepaintingsarequitegood.Didyoudoitalone”Briannodded,“Yes.I’mgoodatpainting.”

Mr.Johnsonthoughtforamomentbeforemakinga(n)32.“Well,”hesaid,“someteacherssuggestedthatwehirealocalartisttopaintourschoolmascotontheschoolwall.Wouldyouliketoparticipateinthat”

“Really”Brianhesitated,33tobelieveit.

“Yes,butit’shardwork,andwecanconsideritpartofyour34,”Mr.Johnsonsaid,tryingtohidehis35ashepickedupthephone.

21．A．GraduallyB．GenerallyC．UsuallyD．Suddenly

22．A．curiosityB．disappointmentC．fearD．relief

23．A．wipedB．examinedC．scanned.D．suspected

24．A．spiedB．reflectedC．commentedD．hit

25．A．makeB．reportC．describeD．retell

26．A．hesitantlyB．patientlyC．directlyD．sympathetically

27．A．AshamedB．SurprisedC．ExcitedD．Satisfied

28．A．slowlyB．lateC．deliberatelyD．right

29．A．fortunateB．miserableC．relaxedD．naughty

30．A．repaintB．hideC．buildD．repair

31．A．AndB．SoC．OrD．But

32．A．promiseB．choiceC．decisionD．appointment

33．A．unableB．unwillingC．unlikelyD．unhappy

34．A．responsibilityB．talentC．devotionD．punishment

35．A．regretB．angerC．smileD．Pride

第二节、语法填空（共10小题，每题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。

Actingwas,isandalwayswillbethefirstloveoftheNationalPekingOperaCompany’snewvice-president,TianLei,ChenNanreports.

HuguosiStreetwasoneofBeijing’s36(busy)commercialroadsintheoldendays.Italso37(house)theresidenceofPekingOperamasterMeiLanfang(1894-1961).NotfarfromMei’saddress,thefirsttheaterforPekingOpera38(perform)wascreatedin1954,fiveyearsafterthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.

Theneighborhood39(change)overthedecades,butthetheaterstillstandstallandis40(current)managedbytheNationalPekingOperaCompany.TianLeitreasuresthehourshespendsthere,trainingandrehearsing(排练).Wearingacostumeand41(arm)withapropspear(道具长矛),the42-year-oldwalksconfidentlyacrossthestage,42(practice)avarietyofmartialartmovements,beforeendingthedrillwithaliangxiang(strikingaposeonthestage).

Tianhasbeenworkingwiththeoperacompanyfor10years.Itspremises(处所)are4310-minutedrivefromthetheaterandhiscolleaguestrainthere.He,however,prefersthehistoricstage.“IcometothetheateralmosteverydaybecauseIenjoythepeaceandemptinessthisbuildingoffers.Rehearsingherehelpsmefeelcloser44thePekingOperamasters45oncegracedthestage,”hesays.

第三部分写作（共40分）

第一节、应用文写作（共15分）

假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Chris想到中国读大学，学习并体验中国文化。请给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括：1．推荐大学；2．你的理由；3．你的期待。

注意：

1．写作词数应为80左右；

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearChris,

Yours,

LiHua

第二节、读后续写（共25分）

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Afreezingdownpourwashedthestreetinfrontofthesmall-townbar.Isatgazingintothewaterydarkness,aloneasusual.Ihadbeeninthatoldbarforhalfanhour,quietlydrinking,whenmythoughtfuleyesfinallyfocusedonamedium-sizedlump(一团)inapuddle(水洼)ahundredfeetaway.Foranothertenminutes,Ilookedoutthroughthewindowtryingtodecideifthelumpwasananimalorjustsomething.

Thenightbefore,aGermandognamedShephadcomeintothebarbeg