陶洁《美国文学选读》（第3版）笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解

绗?鍗曞厓銆€鏈澃鏄幝峰瘜鍏板厠鏋?/a>1.1銆€澶嶄範绗旇鈪?/span>.Introductiontoauthor锛堜綔鑰呯畝浠嬶級BenjaminFranklin(1706鈥?790)wasararegeniusinhumanhistory.Hebecameeverything:aprinter,postmaster,almanacmaker,essayist,scientist,inventor,orator,statesman,philosopher,politicaleconomist,ambassador,鈥斺€淛ackofalltrades.鈥?/p>鏈澃鏄幝峰瘜鍏板厠鏋?1706鈥?790)鏄汉绫诲巻鍙蹭笂灏戞湁鐨勫ぉ鎵嶃€備粬鏄嚭鐗堝銆侀偖鏀挎€婚暱銆佸巻涔︿綔鑰呫€佹暎鏂囧銆佺瀛﹀銆佸彂鏄庡銆佹紨璇村銆佹斂娌诲銆佸摬瀛﹀銆佹斂娌荤粡娴庡瀹躲€佸ぇ浣跨瓑绛夈€?/p>1Life锛堢敓骞筹級Hewasbornintoapoorfamily.Hewasavoraciousreader.At16hepublishedessaysunderthepseudonymSilenceDogood.At17heranawaytoPhiladelphiatomakehisownfortune.Hebecameaprinter.HehelpedfoundthePennsylvaniaHospital,anacademywhichledtotheUniversityofPennsylvania,andtheAmericanPhilosophicalSociety.Hewasapreeminentscientistofhisday.HesignedtheDeclarationofIndependence.Hewasoneofthemakersofthenewnation.瀵屽叞鍏嬫灄鍑虹敓浜庝竴涓传绌风殑瀹跺涵銆備粬闈炲父鍕ゅ濂藉銆?6宀佹椂寮€濮嬩互绗斿悕鈥滈潤琛屽杽鈥濆彂琛ㄨ瘎璁烘枃绔犮€?7宀佹椂鍙韩閫冨線璐瑰煄璋嬬敓銆傚悗鎴愪负鍑虹増鍟嗐€備粬甯姪寤虹珛浜嗗澶曟硶灏间簹澶у鐨勫墠韬€斺€斿澶曟硶灏间簹鍖诲闄㈠拰鍖楃編鍝插瀛︿細銆備粬涔熸槸褰撴椂钁楀悕鐨勭瀛﹀銆備粬绛剧讲杩囥€婄嫭绔嬪瑷€銆嬨€備粬鏄編鍥界殑缂旈€犺€呬箣涓€銆?/p>2Majorworks锛堜富瑕佷綔鍝侊級PoorRichard鈥檚Almanac(1732)銆婄┓鐞嗘煡鍘嗕功銆嬶紙鎴栬瘧銆婃牸瑷€鍘嗕功銆嬶級TheAutobiography(1771鈥?790)銆婅嚜浼犮€?/p>鈪?/span>.Selectedworks锛堥€夎浣滃搧锛?/p>鈼員heAutobiography銆婅嚜浼犮€?/p>1Maincontent锛堜富瑕佸唴瀹癸級ItdepictedthebackgroundofBenjaminFranklin,includinghisstudyinginhisyoungageandhisexperiencesofwork.Andhisachievementinpolitics,scienceandeconomywerealsomentionedinthisbook.Therearefourpartsinthisbook.Thefirstpartistheexperiencesofhisfirst25yearsofhislife.Thesecondpart,writteninParis,istheaccomplishmentsonscienceandthecauseofpublicaffairs.Thethirdandfourthpart,writteninPhiladelphia,istherecordofhislifefrom25to51-year-old.杩欐湰涔︿富瑕佽鍙欎簡鏈澃鏄庣殑鎴愰暱缁忓巻锛屽寘鎷勾灏戞椂鐨勮涔﹀強宸ヤ綔缁忓巻銆備功涓篃璁茶堪浜嗕粬鍦ㄦ斂娌汇€佺瀛﹀強缁忔祹棰嗗煙鍙栧緱鐨勬垚灏便€?/p>鏈功鍏辨湁鍥涢儴鍒嗐€傜涓€閮ㄥ垎璁茶堪浜嗕粬涓€鐢熷墠25骞寸殑缁忓巻銆傜浜岄儴鍒嗗啓浜庡反榛庯紝渚ч噸鎻忓啓鍦ㄧ瀛︿笂鐨勬垚灏卞強浠栨墍浠庝簨鐨勫叕鍏变簨涓氥€傜涓夈€佸洓涓ら儴鍒嗗啓浜庤垂鍩庯紝鍏堝悗璁板彊浜嗕粬浠?5宀佽嚦51宀佺殑鐢熸椿銆?/p>2Comments锛堣祻鏋愶級(1)TheAutobiographywasprobablythefirstofitskindinliterature.Itisthesimpleyetimmenselyfascinatingrecordofamanrisingtowealthandfamefromastateofpovertyandobscurityintowhichhewasborn,thefaithfulaccountofthecolorfulcareerofAmerica鈥檚firstself-mademan.HerepresentedinAmericaallitsideas,thatmanisbasicallygoodandfreebynature,endowedbyGodwithcertaininalienablerightsoflibertyandthepursuitofhappiness.Throughtellingasuccessstoryofself-reliance,thebookcelebratesthefulfillmentoftheAmericandream.(2)TheAutobiographyisalsoaneloquentelucidationofthefactthatFranklinwasspokesmanfortheneworderofeighteenth-centuryenlightenment.ItisalsoaPuritandocument.Itisarecordofself-examinationandself-improvement.ThebookisalsoaconvincingillustrationofthePuritanethicthat,inordertogetonintheworld,onehastobeindustrial,frugalandprudent.(3)ThestyleofTheAutobiographyrevealsthatitisthepatternofPuritansimplicity,directnessandconcision.锛?锛夈€婅嚜浼犮€嬫槸鑷紶浣撴枃瀛︿腑鐨勪笂涔樹匠浣溿€傚畠绠€鏄庤€屾瀬鍏跺紩浜哄叆鑳滃湴鍙欒堪浜嗗瘜鍏板厠鏋楃敱绌疯嫤鍗戝井鑰岃穬鑷冲瘜鏈夈€侀椈鍚嶇殑鏁呬簨銆傚畠蹇犲疄鍦拌褰曚簡缇庡浗绗竴浣嶈嚜鍔涙洿鐢熻€呭厜杈夌伩鐑傜殑鑱屼笟鐢熸动銆備粬浠ｈ〃鐫€鍦ㄧ編鍥斤紝浜虹殑鏈川鏄杽鑹嚜鐢辩殑锛屾嫢鏈変笂甯濊祴浜堢殑涓嶅彲鍓ュず鐨勮嚜鐢卞強杩芥眰骞哥鐨勬潈鍒┿€傝涔﹂€氳繃璁茶堪鑷姏鏇寸敓鑰岃幏鍙栨垚鍔熺殑鏁呬簨锛屾瓕棰備簡缇庡浗姊︾殑瀹炵幇銆?/p>锛?锛夈€婅嚜浼犮€嬪