英文报刊选读Lecture3-导语课件

FeaturesofLeadFeaturesofLeadAmericannewspaperTheNewYorkTimes

《纽约时报》TheWashingtonPost《华盛顿邮报》LosAngelesTimes《洛杉矶时报》USAToday《今日美国报》TheWallStreetJournal《华尔街日报》BritainNewspaperTheTimes《泰晤士报》FinancialTimes《金融时报》TheGuardian《卫报》TheTelegraph《每日电讯报》AmericannewspaperTheNewYorA.P.(AssociatedPress)

UPI(UnitedPressInternational)Reuters(Reuter’sNewsAgency) （美国）美联社（美国）合众社（英国）路透社A.P.(AssociatedPress) （美国）ReviewBrieferthefollowingheadlines:25pollutersareshutdown,othersaretoldtomakechangesPapersaidthatUScommandfaultedinprisonabuseReviewBrieferthefollowingh25pollutersshutdown,otherstoldtomakechangesPaper:UScommandfaultedinprisonabuse英文报刊选读Lecture3-导语课件AddthemissingwordstoeachheadlinebelowandtranslateittoChinese1.WhatDecliningRegistrationRateforPost-gradExamMean?2.GreatWallatTopof“World’sNewSevenWonders”3.LotsofFruitinChildrenCutsAdultCancerRisk4.WorkersCheckedAfterRadiationLeakdoesthetheTheisthethethearetheAddthemissingwordstoeachTranslatethenewsheadlinesintoChineseBushreadytopullout8,000troopsfromIraqXi,ObamareaffirmstronglinksMantofacecourtforassaultsongirl,5FlushotadvisedforallchildrenHousepassedObama’seconomicstimulusbillTranslatethenewsheadlinesikeys1.布什准备从伊拉克撤出8千名士兵。2.习近平和奥巴马重申加强联系。3.一男子骚扰五岁女孩面临起诉。4.建议所有儿童注射流感预防针。5.国会同意奥巴马的经济刺激议案。keys1.布什准备从伊拉克撤出8千名士兵。Nneologisms1.Positive

energy(正能量)Originally

a

term

used

in

physics,

popularized

by

theBritish

psychologist

Richard

Wiseman

to

describe

the

energy

that

helps

people

build

up

self-confidence

and

optimism.正能量：本为物理学名词，英国心理学家理查德·怀斯曼著有《正能量》，书中把人体比作一个能量场，用“正能量”比喻通过激发人的内在潜能，使人产生自信、乐观、积极进取的正面力量。

Nneologisms1.Positive

energy2.(吐槽):Quick,sharpcriticismofdialogueoreventsthatareperceivedasviolatingnorms.吐槽：对认为违背常理的话语、事情等予以快速、犀利的批评。3.(拍砖):Hitwithabrick.Anexpressionmeaningtoopposeorcriticizeaviewpoint.(MostlyusedontheInternet.)拍砖：用砖头拍打（别人）。比喻提出反对或批评意见（多用于互联网）。2.(吐槽):Quick,sharpcriti4.(接地气):Connectedtotheearth'senergy.Beingintouchwithreallife,inaccordancewithobjectivereality;alsotopenetratethegrassroots,toexperienceandobservetheconditionofthepeople,resolvepracticalproblems.接地气：贴近大地气息。比喻贴近现实生活，符合客观实际；也比喻深入基层，体察民情，解决实际问题4.(接地气):Connectedtotheear5.

(地沟油):Gutteroil.Wasteoilsillegallyusedincooking.地沟油：用下水道、泔水等中的浮油加工提炼的油。地沟油用于餐饮对人体危害很大，但可用来提炼生物柴油等。6.(软实力):Softpower.软实力：一般指一个国家的文化、社会制度、意识形态、发展模式等无形的实力。7.(硬实力):

Hard

power.硬实力：一般指经济、科技、军事等方面的有形的实力。5.(地沟油):Gutteroil.Wasteoi

8.(减排):

Reduce

pollution.减排：采取措施，减少废气、废水等污染物的排放。9.BAT

:BAT是百度（Baidu）、阿里巴巴（Alibaba）、腾讯（Tencent）三家公司首字母的合称。

在2013中国互联网哈哈榜之十大并购中，BAT就占了其中的8席。BAT，构成了中国互联网的第一集团，也是海外对中国互联网的代名词。

BAT，是中国互联网江湖的一个神秘组织。恨她的人，比爱她的要多；想她的人，比恨她的还要多。

8.(减排):

Reduce

pollution.10.OTT(OverTheTop互联网电视)互联网的新概念在近几年一直层出不穷，如2009年的物联网(IoTInternetofThings)；2010年的云计(Cloudcomputing)；2013年开年后的第一个互联网新概念实属OTT无疑10.OTT(OverTheTop互联网电视)Dama由于中国大妈“彪悍”地撼动了国际金价，美国媒体甚至专门创造了英语新单词dama。近年来，被中国“逼”出来的英文单词很多，或由国外媒体专家，或由国内热心网友创造，Dama由于中国大妈“彪悍”地撼动了国际金价，美国媒体甚至Shuanggui(双规)英文媒体对双规可并不陌生。《华尔街日报》在报道深圳前市长许宗衡被“双规”时，就直接使用了shuanggui。Antizen(蚁族)蚂蚁(ant)+英文后缀(izen)=异族(Antizen)用来形容80后大学生低收入聚集的群体。Chengguan(城管)2009年4月中国网友曝光所谓《城管执法操作实务》，这一“城管秘籍”在引发中国媒体关注的同时，也成为《泰晤士报》等国外媒体热报的国际新闻之一。Shuanggui(双规)Don’train(动车)

不要(Don’t)+火车(train)=Don’train(动车)Ernai(二奶)有热心的中国网友将其翻译为secondmilk，但显然无法得到西方主流媒体的承认。国际权威时尚传媒《Women'sWearDaily》向读者解释说：TheChinesenameforLotitaisErNai,or，theSecondMrs。Guanxi(关系)关系最有中国特色，可能是英国《卫报》等媒体率先使用。Hongbao(红包)在外媒眼中，红包再也不单纯是过农历新年时收到的LuckyMoney了。英文报刊选读Lecture3-导语课件DefinitionofnewsleadAleadisthefirstsentenceorthefirstparagraphofastory.Aleadisusuallyoneinformation-packedsentencewhichexpandsonthestory’smainpointasintroducedintheheadline.DefinitionofnewsleadAleadAleadshouldcontaintheanswersaboutthefollowingquestions.1.Whatwasuniqueorthemostimportantorunusualthingthathappened?2.Whowasinvolved?---Whodiditorwhosaidit?3.Isadirectordelayedleadbest？4.IsthereacolorfulwordordramaticphraseIcanworkintothelead?5.Whatisthesubject,andwhatverbwillbestmovethereaderintothestory?AleadshouldcontaintheanswFunctionsofnewslead--succinct

Aleadmustcapturetheessenceofthenews.

Newversionofairpollutionlawwouldimposeheavierfines(ChinaDaily)Updated:2014-09-11AreviseddraftofChina'sLawonthePreventionandControlofAtmosphericPollution,releasedonTuesdayforpublicopinion,wouldrequiregovernmentsabovethecountyleveltoestablishpollutionmonitoringsystemsandlevyheavierfinesforillegalactivitiesthatpollutetheenvironment.Functionsofnewslead--succinPistoriusnotguiltyofmurderbutwasnegligentUpdated:2014-09-1210:50PRETORIA,SouthAfrica

-Duringhistrial,OscarPistoriussometimesretchedandsobbed.Thedouble-amputeeOlympiansobbedagainonThursday,thistimeinapparentreliefasajudgesaidtheevidencedidnotsupportamurderconvictionforkillinggirlfriendReevaSteenkamp.PistoriusnotguiltyofmurderFunctionsofnewslead—intriguing

AleadmustencouragereaderstocontinueMorecitiesjointhe'yearofsmarttourism'ByZhangZhao(ChinaDaily)Updated:2014-09-1307:42SeveralcitiesinChinahavelaunched"smarttourism"projects,whichfeatureintegratedtourismresourcesandstrongerinteractivitybetweentouristsandtheirdestinationsviatheInternet.

Functionsofnewslead—intriguiPhone6boundforUSUpdated:2014-09-1213:27ChinaSouthernAirlinesBoeing777airlinercarrying93tonsofAppleiPhone6mobilephonesdepartsfromCentralChina'sHenanprovinceforChicago,IllinoisUSAonSeptember10,2014.iPhone6boundforUS2BritishtouristsmurderedinThailand

BANGKOK--TwoBritishtouristswerefoundbrutallymurderedonthetourist-attractiveislandKohTaoofThailandonMondaymorning.2BritishtouristsmurderedinFunctionsofnewslead–informativePutinwantstodestroyUkraineandrestoreSovietUnion,saysYatseniukTheRussianpresident,VladimirPutin,wantstodestroyUkraineasanindependentcountryandtorestoretheSovietUnion,UkrainianprimeministerArsenyYatseniuksaidonSaturday.Functionsofnewslead–inforWithappearanceinIowa,Clintontakesabigsteptoward2016

FormerUSSecretary（前国务卿）ofStateHillaryClintonstokedspeculationonSundaythatshewasmovingclosertoannouncingabidfortheWhiteHousein2016asshevisitedtheearly-votingstateofIowa(爱荷华州)totakepartinthestate‘sannual“steakfry,”agatheringofDemocraticactiviststhatoftenattractspresidentialhopefuls（总统候选人）.WithappearanceinIowa,ClintThinkandanalyzeExaminethefollowingnewsleadandthinkaboutwhethertheyareappropriateornot.E.g.1InitialreportsindicatedasuspectedsuicidebomberapproachedanISAF(theInternationalSecurityAssistanceForce)businavehicleanddetonatedtheexplosives.ThinkandanalyzeExaminetheE.g.2KabulPoliceChiefBasirSalangitoldTheAssociationPressthatat8:30a.m.todayonamajorroadontheeastsideofKabulneartheAfghanNationalArmytrainingfacilityasuicidebomberapproachedacarbombnearanInternationalSecurityAssistanceForce,orISAF,buscarryingGermanpeacekeepersonSaturday,killing3,woundingatleast8andinjuringanother28infirstfatalattackontheinternationalforce.E.g.2E.g.3AsuicideattackdetonatedacarbombnearabuscarryingGermanpeacekeepersinKabulonSaturday,killing3andwoundingatleast8.U.S.officialsaid.E.g.3Reims,France,May7---GermanysurrenderedunconditionallytothewesternalliesandtheSovietUnionat2:41A.M.Frenchtimetoday.

这是《纽约时报》上一篇报道德国无条件投降的消息中的导语。WHO---GermanyWHAT---surrenderedtothewesternalliesandtheSovietUnionWHEN---at2:41A.M.Frenchtimetoday(May7)WHERE---Reims,FranceWHY/HOW---unconditionally在消息写作中，这种回答了新闻六要素(who,what,when,where,why,how)的导语通常被称为综合式导语(DirectLead/SummaryLead)。这种导语的特点在于它能把新闻内容的精髓概括出来。但是，读者在阅读报纸的时候会发现，并不是所有的消息都以综合式导语开头。有的导语只回答了新闻六要素中最重要、读者最关心的一、两项，这样的导语称为部分综合式导语(PartialSummaryLead)，它避免了综合式导语的不足之处，既无需为了包罗五个“W”和一个“H”而使句子变得冗长不堪，使读者望而生畏，失去继续阅读的兴趣。Reims,France,May7---GermanyDirectleadThefamoustypicalandclassicaldirectleadistheonewrittenbyanAPreporteronApril.14,1865,immediatelyafterPresidentAbrahamLincolnwasassassinated.WASHINGTON,FRIDAY,APRIL14,1865----ThePresidentwasshotinatheatretonightandperhapsmortallywounded.DirectleadThefamoustypicalDelayedLeadDelayedleadisoftenusedonfeatures,thekindofstoriesthatarenotaboutdevelopingorfast-breakingevents.e.g.Themanshelovedslappedherface.Furious,shesaysshetoldhimnever,evertodothatagain.“Whatareyougoingtodo,killme?”heasked,andhandedheragun.“Here,killme,”hechallenged.Shesaid.DelayedLeadDelayedleadisofWecanchangethepreviousleadintodirectlead:Aladykilledthemansheloved.Butusingthedelayedleadcannotshowsoviolentemotionandthemainfactsarenottoldatthebeginning,butlieinthefollowingparagraphs.Itcanalsosuspendthereaders’curiosity.Wecanchangethepreviouslea这是新华社发表的一篇报道胡锦涛主席会见海峡共同市场基金会主席萧万长的消息中的导语。WHO---HuJintao,VincentC.SiewWHAT---meetsWHEN---April12,2008WHERE---inBoao,southChina’sHainanProvince

这是新华社发表的一篇报道北京奥运会圣火到达巴基斯坦首都伊斯兰堡的的消息中的导语。WHO---TheBeijingOlympicflameWHAT---arrivedinPakistanicapital

WHEN---at12:25a.m.

localtime

WHERE---PakistanicapitalIslamabad

WHY/HOW---forthe10thlegofitsglobaltourBeijingOlympicflamearrivesinPakistanicapitalISLAMABAD,April16(Xinhua)--TheBeijingOlympicflamearrivedinPakistanicapitalIslamabadat12:25a.m.

localtime(1925GMT)forthe10thlegofitsglobaltour.HuJintao,VincentSiew’slatestmeetingsignificant

BOAO,Hainan,April12(Xinhua)--

HuJintao,generalsecretaryoftheCommunistPartyofChinaCentralCommittee,

meetswithVincentSiew,chairmanoftheTaiwan-basedCross-StraitsCommonMarketFoundation,inBoao,southChina’sHainanProvince,April12,2008.

这是新华社发表的一篇报道胡锦涛主席会见海峡共同市场基金会主席除了综合式导语外，消息报道往往还经常酌情采用其它形式的导语。英文报纸种类繁多，消息所报道的内容包罗万象，导语也形式多样，不能一概而论。但一般来说，最常见的导语有以下几种：1.对比式导语(ContrastLead)这种导语通常通过同时列举两项新闻事实进行对比，以突出和强调本文最重要的内容及其意义。这种导语能使新闻事实中所蕴涵的新闻价值充分地显露出来，并给受众留下较为深刻的印象。注意：相互对比的事实之间，反差要强烈。反差越大，效果就越好。如：NBS:Chinareports8.3%riseinCPIinMarch

BEIJING,April16(Xinhua)--China’sconsumerpriceindex(CPI),akeymeasureofinflation,wasup8.3percentinMarch,followingan8.7percentriserecordedforthepreviousmonth.除了综合式导语外，消息报道往往还经常酌情采用其它形式的导语。2.提问式导语(QuestionLead)一般来说，记者在消息报道的导语里总是力争为五个“W”和一个“H”所提出的问题提供答案，而很少提问。但是，当消息所报道的内容涉及到一个公众共同关心的问题或易于引起读者议论的事件时，记者有时采用疑问式导语，在导语中进行提问，引起读者的思考，从而达到吸引读者的目的。如：IstruancybecominganationalepidemicinBritain?Certainlythereareclearsignsthatthenumberofpupilswhosimplydonotturnupatschoolorwho“clockin”andthendisappearduringtheschoolday,isincreasingtoaworryinglevel.

---TheSundayExpress2.提问式导语(QuestionLead)一般来说，记3.引语式导语(QuotationLead)为了突出报道的客观性，记者有时还引用消息中主要人物的尖锐而有新意的语言，放在消息报道的开头部分作为导语，这样往往易于给读者留下强烈的印象。这种导语通常分为完全引语式导语(FullQuotationLead)和部分引语式导语(PartialQuotationLead)。如：“Thegovernmentwillcontinuetoupgradeitscapabilitiestocopewithnaturaldisastersasclimatechangeleadstomoreextremeweatherconditions,”asenioroffici