北师大英语选修七新素养讲义Unit21HumanBiology4SectionⅣ

SectionⅣmunicationWorkshop,LanguageAwareness6&CultureCornereq\a\vs4\al([基础词汇])1．temporaryadj. 临时的；短暂的2．declinevi. 下降3．minimumn. 最低；最小4．submitvt. 提交5．fortunen. 大笔钱财，巨款6．scepticaladj. 怀疑的7．absurdadj. 不合理的；荒谬的8．circumstancen. 情形；情况eq\a\vs4\al([拓展词汇])9．weeklyadj.每周一次的→weekn．周，星期→weekendn．周末10．robvt.使丧失；抢劫→robberyn．抢劫→robbern．抢劫者11．unconditionallyadv.无条件地→conditionn．条件→conditionaladj.有条件的12．equipvt.使有准备→equipmentn．设备13.__concernn．担心；担忧→concerningprep.涉及14．extensionn．延期→extendv．延长1．at__any__rate 无论如何；至少2．take...off 脱去；使离开3．fall__into 陷入；开始4．return__to__normal 恢复正常5．focus__on 集中于6．clear__up 整理；收拾7．benefit__from 从……中受益8．miss__out 错过；遗漏1．Thisisthefirst/second...timethat...第一次/第二次……I’vebrokenbonesbefore.However,thisisthefirsttimeI’ve__broken__my__leg(我摔断了腿)．2．itis＋过去分词＋that......it__is__generally__agreed__that(人们普遍认为)apatient’schancesofrecoverydeclinethelongertheystayinaa.3．shouldhavedone...本该做……Heshould__have__gone__earlier(本该早些离开),buthehadignoredthepainsothathecouldcontinueracing.4.before引导时间状语从句Governmentsshouldpreventhumancloningfromeverhappeningbefore__we__destroy__ourselves(在我们自我毁灭之前)．takeoff使脱离；起飞；迅速走红；休假；突然离开；脱下(教材P40)Althoughsomepeoplefindtheideaoftakingpeopleofflifesupportmachinesterrible...虽然一些人认为让人离开呼吸机的主意是不好的……[一词多义]——写出下列句中takeoff的含义(1)AssoonasshesawGeorgearrive,shejusttookoff.突然离开(2)Wehaven’ttakenanytimeoffsincelastSunday.休假(3)TheyoungsingerhasreallytakenoffinChina.迅速走红(4)Theplaneshouldtakeoffontimetoday.起飞(5)It’shothereandyou’dbettertakeoffyourcoat.脱掉eq\a\vs4\al()takeapart 拆开takeback 退货；收回takedown 记下；拆除takein 欺骗；吸收takeon 呈现；雇用takeout 取出takeover 接管takeup 开始从事；拿起；占用[巧学活用]——完成句子(1)我的表停了，所以我把它拆开了。Mywatchstopped,soItook__it__apart.(2)如果你不喜欢这个外套，我可以退掉。Ifyoudon’tlikethiscoat,Icantake__it__back．(3)出于安全考虑，那个站台被拆除了。Theplatformwastaken__downforsafetyreasons.(4)这个老人被那则广告给骗了。Theoldmanwastaken__in__bythatadvertisement.(5)这个公司会再招收些工人的。Thepanywilltake__onsomemoreworkers.fallinto进入(某种状态)；开始①(教材P40)Terrihadfallenintoaain1990whenaheartattackrobbedherbrainofoxygencausingpermanentharm.特瑞在1990年陷入昏迷，当时心脏病使她的大脑缺氧造成了永久性的伤害。②Iclimbedintobedandfellintoadeepsleep.我爬上床，酣然入睡。③Manyofthestonefigureshadbeenstolenandotherswerefallingintopieces.很多石像被偷了，其他的成了碎片。eq\a\vs4\al()fallbehind 落在后面falldown 摔倒falloff 减少；下降fallover 跌倒；倒下[巧学活用]——完成句子(1)走了五英里之后，汤姆累了，开始落在后面了。AfterfivemilesTomwastiredandstartedtofall__behind．(2)不久前我的小儿子跌倒了，弄伤了膝盖。Theotherdaymylittlesonfell__downandhurthisknee.(3)在冬季销售额总是会下降的。Salesalwaysfall__offinthewintermonths.robvt.使丧失；抢劫；抢夺；盗取①(教材P40)Terrihadfallenintoaain1990whenaheartattackrobbedherbrainofoxygencausingpermanentharm.特瑞在1990年陷入昏迷，当时心脏病使她的大脑缺氧造成了永久性的伤害。②Theyareplanningtorobthebanksometimenextweek.他们在计划在下周某个时间抢劫银行。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)robsb./sth.of... 使某人或某物丧失(重要的品质、能力等)robsb./sp.of... 抢劫某人或某地……(2)robberyn. 抢劫robbern. 盗贼动词词义搭配rob“盗，抢”，指公然用暴力抢劫他人的所有物robsb.ofsth.steal“偷”，指暗中窃取stealsth.fromsb.；stealone’ssth.[巧学活用]——单句语法填空/单句改错(1)Mikewasrobbedofhiscarandmobilephoneyesterday.(2)Hewasarrestedandchargedwithanarmedrobbery(rob)．(3)Itturnedoutthattheyoungmanwasabankrobber(rob)．(4)Theoldman’swalletwasstolenoftheotherday.去掉of(5)Whenwasitthatyouwererobbedyourmobilephoneandpurse？robbed后加of(6)SeveralrobberwerearrestedbythepolicelastSunday.robber→robbersdeclinevi.下降；谢绝n．下降；衰败，衰落①(教材P40)．..itisgenerallyagreedthatapatient’schancesofrecoverydeclinethelongertheystayinaa.……人们普遍认为病人处于昏迷状态的时间越长他们康复的机会就越小。②Afterall，manyolderpeopledon’tbegintoexperiencephysicalandmentaldeclineuntilafterage75.毕竟，很多老年人真正出现身体和精神上的衰退是在75岁以后。③Iofferedtogivethemaliftbuttheydeclinedwiththanks.我邀请他们搭便车但他们婉言谢绝了。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)beindecline 处于下降、衰退中onthedecline 在下坡路上；在衰退(减少)(2)declinetodosth. 拒绝做某事declineby/to... 下降了/到……[基础练习]——单句语法填空(1)Accordingtoscientists,ourmentalabilitiesbeginto__decline(decline)fromtheageof27afterreachingthehighestlevelat22.(2)Inspiteofmanyinvitations,hewouldalwaysdeclineto__visit(visit)Oxford.(3)Thenumberoftouriststotheresortdeclinedby10%lastyearto5million.[能力提升]——词汇升级(4)(普通表达)Thenumberofpeoplewhoruntheredlighthasdeclinedsincethenewtrafficregulationscameintoeffect.(高级表达)Thenumberofpeoplewhoruntheredlighthasbeen__on__the__declinesincethenewtrafficregulationscameintoeffect.表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by；表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to。equipvt.使有准备；装备；配备①(教材P137)There’snodoubtthatthiswillequipustocureallsortsofillnesses，fromheartdiseasetocancer.毫无疑问，这将为我们治愈从心脏疾病到癌症等各种疾病打好基础。②Theyareequippingthemselvesforajourney.他们在为旅行准备行装。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)equip...for/todosth.为(做)某事而准备/装备……equip...with...用……装备/配备……；使……具有(学问、能力等)(2)equipmentn.设备，装备apieceofequipment一件设备(3)equippedadj.(被)装备(起来)的；拥有(资格)的(be)equippedwith...装备/配备有……；拥有……[巧学活用]——单句语法填空(1)Pleaseequipyourselfwithapencilandarubberfortheexam.(2)Ourschoolhasboughtsomenewpiecesofequipment__(equip)．(3)AsfarasIknow,heis__equipped(equip)withmuchexperienceinteaching.equipment不可被a或an修饰，如果说具体几件设备则用“...piece(s)of”修饰。类似的词语还有furniture,news,advice等。fortunen．大笔钱财，巨款；命运，运气①(教材P137)I’dliketopointoutthatwhiletherearesomefirmsthatdothisandchargeafortunetokeepthebodiesfrozen...我想指出的是尽管有做这些的公司，他们为冷冻躯体而收取大笔钱财……②Europeansseeapiggybankasasignofgoodfortuneandwealth.欧洲人把储存罐看作是好运和财富的象征。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)makeafortune 发财tryone’sfortune 碰运气seekone’sfortune 外出寻找发财机会， 外出闯荡havegood/badfortunetodo... 有幸/不幸做……(2)fortunateadj. 幸运的unfortunateadj. 不幸的(3)fortunatelyadv. 幸运地unfortunatelyadv. 不幸地[巧学活用]——单句语法填空(1)Nowtherearemanyyoungmeninoursocietydreamingofmakingafortunewithouthardwork.(2)Ihavehadgoodfortune__to__work(work)withsomebrilliantdirectors.(3)Thestateprovidestextbooksfortheless__fortunate(fortune)students.(4)Fortunately(fortune),theboywassavedbytwopassers­by.atanyrate无论如何；至少①(教材P137)Iftrendscontinuethewaythey’regoing，theninmyopinion，yes—indevelopedcountriesatanyrate.在我看来，如果照目前的趋势发展下去，会是这样的——至少在发达国家是这样。②Atanyrate,themedicineandfoodwillreachthefarmersbeforethesnowstorm.无论如何，药品和食物将于暴风雪前送到农民手里。eq\a\vs4\al()atthis/thatrate 照这样/那样下去ata/therateof 以……速度；以……比例[巧学活用]——单句语法填空(1)YououghttoreadoneoftheEnglisharticleseverydayatanyrate.(2)Therichertherichare,thepoorerthepoorareatthisrate.(3)Thepopulationisgrowingatarateof__19%everyyear.submitvt.提交；屈服；顺从；认为①(教材P137)Youweresupposedtosubmititonthe14thJune.你应该在6月14日交上它。②YoumustsubmityourreportbeforenextWednesday.你必须在下星期三之前提交你的报告。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)submitsth.tosb. 提交/呈递某物给某人submit(oneself)tosb./sth. 顺从；屈服submitthat... 提议；认为……(2)submissiveadj. 服从的；顺从的；恭顺的(3)submissionn. 屈服；呈送；提交[巧学活用]——单句语法填空(1)Suchwashisfortune,andhewasforcedtosubmittoit.(2)Isubmitthatthehouseisunfitforyoutolivein.(3)Asamatteroffact,hermotherisaverysubmissive(submit)woman.(4)Allsubmissions(submit)mustbereceivedbyApril10th.concernn．[U]关心，担心；忧虑；[C]关心的人(或)事vt.涉及，关系到，参与；(使)担忧①(教材P42)infavourbutwithsomeconcerns?支持但有一些顾虑？②Iappreciateeveryone’sconcernandhelpatthisdifficulttime.在此困难时刻，我很感激每个人对我的关心和帮助。③Pleasepayattentionbecausethisinformationconcernsallofyou.请注意，因为这条消息涉及你们每一个人。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)as/sofaras...beconcerned 就……而言(2)concernedadj. 关心的；担心的； 有关的beconcernedabout/forsth. 关心/挂念某事(物)beconcernedwith/in... 与……有关；牵涉到(3)concerningprep. 有关；涉及[巧学活用]——单句语法填空(1)Themeetingwasconcernedwithreformsandeveryonepresentwasconcernedabout/fortheirowninterests.(2)ThereisacolumninChinaDailyconcerning(concern)languagestudy.concerned用作形容词时意为“担忧的；关心的”；用作后置定语意为“相关的；有关的”。另外concerning用作介词时意为“关于；对于”。circumstancen．情形；情况；(有关)事项；(pl.)经济状况；命运①(经典例句)Thepanyreservestherighttocancelthisagreementincertaincircumstances.本公司保留在一定条件下取消这项协议的权利。②Thecircumstancesofthiscaseareunusual.这个案件的情况很不寻常。eq\a\vs4\al()inanycircumstance(s) 在任何情况下undernocircumstances 无论如何不；决不in/underthecircumstances 在这些情况下；情况既然 如此[巧学活用]——单句语法填空(1)Iwouldnever__in/under__anycircumstancesdreamofparingherwithyou.(2)Undernocircumstancesshouldyouleavethedoorunlocked.undernocircumstances放在句首时主句使用部分倒装结构，与之相类似的还有bynomeans；innoway；innocase；onnocondition；atnotime；onnoaccount。(教材P40)I’vebrokenbonesbefore.However,thisisthefirsttimeI’vebrokenmyleg.我以前摔断过骨头。然而，这是我第一次弄断腿。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)句式“It/This/That＋was＋thefirst/thesecond/...time(that)＋过去完成时”表示“某人第一/第二/第……次……”。(2)“It/This/That＋is＋thefirst/thesecond/...time(that)＋现在完成时”表示“某人第一/第二/第……次……”。Theteachercriticizedhim,becauseitwasthesecondtimethathehadmadethesamemistake.老师批评了他，因为这是他第二次犯同样的错误。It’shightimethat...did/shoulddosth.是该做某事的时候了。[巧学活用]——单句语法填空(1)ThisisthefirsttimethatIhave__been(be)awayfrommyfamilyforsuchalongtime.(2)Itwasthefirsttimethathehad__met(meet)withsuchatoughproblem.(3)It’shightimethatwetook/should__take(take)effectivemeasurestoprotectourenvironment.(教材P45)Governmentsshouldpreventhumancloningfromeverhappeningbeforewedestroyourselves.在人类自我毁灭之前政府应采取措施阻止克隆人的发生。eq\a\vs4\al()从属连词before最基本的意思是“在……之前”。但在具体的句子中，译法多种多样，可译为“……才……”；“……就……”；“还没有……就……”；“没等……就……”。before引导的状语从句中不能使用表示将来的will。Itwon’tbe...before...用不了(多长时间)就会……Itwillbe...before...得过(多长时间)才……Itwasn’t...before...没过多久就……Itwas...before...过了多久才……[巧学活用]——完成句子(1)我还没来得及插话他就给我量好了尺寸。Before__I__could__get__in__a__word,__hehadmeasuredme.(2)还得再过一个月我才能回来。Itwillbeamonthbefore__I__e__back．(3)没过多久他就知道了他父亲去世的消息。It__wasn’t__long__beforeheknewthenewsthathisfatherdied.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)品句填词1．InIndiathecowisa____________(神圣的)animal.答案：sacred2．Thoughinthe____________(晚期的)stageofcancer，hekeepswalkingeveryday.答案：terminal3．Whenshewasyoung，shelefthometoseekher____________(发财)abroad.答案：fortune4．The____________(公司)wasbadlyhitbypetitionfromabroad.答案：firm5．Manystudentsfind____________(临时的)jobsduringtheirsummerholidays.答案：temporary6．Thereisstillonemonthleftbeforethe____________(截止日期)．答案：deadline7．Becauseofthefinancialcrisis，thestaffhas____________(下降)from217，000to114，000.答案：declined8．Eventodaytheystillhavethe____________(荒谬的)ideathattheearthisflatandmotionless.答案：absurd9．Underno____________(情况)willweagreetomakethepanysplitup.答案：circumstances10．Ifyouaskformoneyfromus，youhaveto____________(提交)detailsofthedamage.答案：submiteq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)单句改错1．Itissaidthattheoldmanwasrobbedforhisbikelastnight.____________________答案：for→of2．Theyarediscussingsomethingconcernedthesafetyatschools.____________________答案：concerned→concerning3．Theparentsaretryingtomaketheirsonequippingwithenoughknowledge.____________________答案：equipping→equipped4．Atlasttheboywasforcedtosubmittoliveahardlife.____________________答案：live→living5．Foranyratewewillmanagetopersuadehertochangehermind.____________________答案：For→Ateq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完成句子1．不久他就从国外回来了。________________________hereturnedfromabroad.答案：Itwasn’tlongbefore2．你们再过半年就高中毕业了。__________________________yougraduatefromhighschool.答案：Itwillbehalfayearbefore3．他受雇于那家公司已经一年多了。______________________________hewasemployedinthatpany.答案：Itis/hasbeenmorethanayearsince4．这是我们全家人第一次到电影院看电影。Thisisthefirsttimewe__________________________inthecinemaasafamily.答案：haveseenafilm5．这是他第一次对一个独立公司的工作给予称赞。Itisthefirsttimethat______________________totheworkofasinglepany.答案：hehasgivenhisapprovalA卷eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．IfIplacedanordernow，howlongwoulditbe____________Igotdelivery?答案：before2．ItwasthefirsttimeI____________(set)footonAfricansoil.答案：hadset3．AreyougoingbackhometoAmerica____________good?答案：for4．Apersonismostdisappointedwhenheis____________despair.答案：in5．Hedidnotquiteknowwhattosaythatwouldfitthe____________(circumstance)．答案：circumstances6．Sheisdeeply____________(concern)withourhealthproblem.答案：concerned7．Weshouldsubmitourplans____________thecouncilforapproval.答案：to8．Youare____________(fortune)tohavesuchareasonablefather.答案：fortunate9．Theroomis____________(equip)withrefrigeratorandair­conditioning.答案：equipped10．Hewasrobbed____________hisweek’swagesbyapickpocket.答案：ofeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)阅读理解Forthebraveinthearmedforces,beingsentawayfromhomeformonthsatatimeisjustpartoftheduty.However,it’sneveraneasyonetoperformespeciallyforthosewithchildren.SowhenIfoundoutIwasgoingtobestationedinSouthKoreaforayear,Iwasnervousabouthowmyfivechildren,particularlymyeldestdaughterAbigail,wouldtakethenewssinceitmeantIwouldn’tbehometoseehergraduatefromhighschool.Incredibly,Abigailtoldmenottoworryandevensuggestedwelive__streamtheeventamongfamilymemberswhenIleakedthenews.“We’vebeenluckyyouhaven’thadtobesentabroadyet.AnywaywecangetconnectedthroughtheInternet.Seemeonyourphoneonmyspot，”Abigailsaid.ShesteppedintomanyofmyroleswhenIwasgone.IwantedtofindawaytothankherandshowherhowproudIwasofher.IstartedplanningthespecialsurprisewhenmyrequesttoreturnhomeafewweeksearlytoattendAbigail’sgraduationceremonywasapproved.WhenmytimeinSouthKoreafinallycametoanend,Iflewhome,rentedacar,andstayedinahotel.AndonAbigail’sgraduationday,IhidinanofficebehindthestagewaitinguntilIheardmydaughter’snamecalled.Ijustkeptthinking“Don’tcry.Don’ttripinyourheels.Don’tfallover.”Atlast!Abigailwasuponstage.Islippedupbehindher,whisperedinherear,andaroundsheturned！“Iwasjustthinking,like,‘Youaren’tsupposedtobehere.What?What?How？’Itwasthebiggestshock...I’mprettysuremydadmadepeoplehedidn’tevenknowcry.Emotionalforeveryone，”Abigailcried.Youknowwhatfollowed：Embraces,kisses,tears,laughs,flowers,wishes...Aren’ttheywhatafamilyhasinstore?【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”将被派驻韩国一年，因此，大女儿Abigail的高中毕业典礼“我”将无法参加，但是为了给她惊喜，在她的毕业典礼上，“我”出现在了她面前。1．Whatworriedtheauthormost?A．HisdutyinSouthKorea.B．Hisfivechildren’ssafety.C．Hiseldestdaughter’sstudy.D．Hisabsencefromabigevent.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段，尤其是该段最后一句可知，“我”最担心的是“我”将无法参加大女儿Abigail的毕业典礼，故D项正确。2．Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedphrase“live__stream”？A．Plan. B．Celebrate.C．Prepare. D．Broadcast.D解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句，结合该段第二句中Abigail所说的话“AnywaywecangetconnectedthroughtheInternet.Seemeonyourphoneonmyspot.”可知，Abigail安慰“我”说“我们”可以用互联网联系，“我”可以用看到毕业典礼上的她；据此可以判断，Abigail建议我们在家庭成员中直播这件事。故画线词意为“直播”，D项正确。3．HowdidAbigailfeelwhenmeetingtheauthor?A．Embarrassed. B．Overjoyed.C．Nervous. D．Satisfied.B解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中Abigail说的话可知，Abigail没有想到“我”会出现在毕业典礼上，非常激动；据此可以判断，在毕业典礼上见到“我”，Abigail极为高兴，B项意为“极为高兴的”，符合语境，故B项正确。4．Whatdoestheauthormainlyintendtoexpressbytellingthestory?A．Asoldier’spersonalsacrifice.B．Afather’sloveforhisfamily.C．Themeaningoffamilybond.D．Thewaytoplanabigsurprise.C解析：目的意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了“我”为大女儿制造惊喜的故事，旨在表达家庭关系的意义，故C项正确。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完形填空WhenHeatherMcHugh,apoet,wonaD|S500，000“geniusgrant”fromtheMacArthurFoundation,shedidn’tbuyaluxuriouscarorflytoParis.__1__，sheputthemoneyinthebankand__2__writingpoems.In2011,shefinally__3__whattodowithit.Thatyear,Heather’sgodsonandhiswife__4__theirfirstchild,abeautifulbabygirlbutseverelydisabled.“Isawhowpeople’s__5__canchangeovernight.Istartedthinkingaboutpeopleina__6__situation，”saysHeather.She__7__thereweremillionsofcaregiverstakingcareofthechronically(慢性地)illordisabled.Soin2012,Heather__8__anonprofitorganizationofferingaseven－dayvacation,withall__9__paid,topeoplewhohavebeencaregiversforatleasttenyears.Triciawasoneofthefirstcaregiverstogoonvacation.WhenTriciagotacallsayingshewasoffereda__10__vacation,shecouldn’t__11__it;disbeliefeven__12__herconcernaboutleavinghertwokids.Triciawent,andherfavoritepartsofthetripweretoenjoythe__13__things.“Igottoeathotfoodhotandcoldfoodcold.IcouldgotobedwhenIwantedtoandwakeupwheneverIchoseto，”saysTricia.Shewasafraidthe__14__wouldreturnwhenthe__15__wasover,buttohersurprise,ithasn’tbeenbacksince.HeathersaysTricia’s__16__resemblesthoseoftheothertencaregiversshehelpseveryyear.“Beforethevacationtheyareso__17__，butthe__18__issoamazing.Theyreflectandrelax.Itfeels__19__likeanotherworldandgivesthemachancetoseetheirlivesfromanother__20__，”sheadds.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。HeatherMcHugh利用自己的五十万美元奖金建立非营利组织，为照顾慢性病患者和残疾人的护理员提供免费休假，让他们到新的环境中，从不一样的角度来看待他们的人生。1．A.However B．ThereforeC．Instead D．BesidesC解析：根据空处前一句中的“shedidn’tbuyaluxuriouscarorflytoParis”可知，在获得了五十万美元的奖金后，她并没有购买汽车或去旅游；结合该句中的“sheputthemoneyinthebank”可知，反而，她将这些钱存入银行。C项意为“而是，反而”，符合语境；however“然而”；therefore“因此”；besides“此外”。2．A.continued B．quittedC．practiced D．startedA解析：根据前一句中的“apoet”，结合该句中的“sheputthemoneyinthebankand______writingpoems”可知，她(这位诗人)获奖后，将奖金存进银行，继续(continued)写诗。quit“停止”；practice“实践，训练”。3．A.thoughtover B．wonderedC．talkedabout D．decidedD解析：根据下文中的“Heather______anonprofitorganizationofferingaseven－dayvacation”可知，此处表示在2011年，她终于决定如何使用这笔钱。thinkover“仔细考虑”；wonder“想知道，好奇”；talkabout“谈到，谈论”。decide“决定”符合语境。4．A.held B．weledC．lost D．savedB解析：Heather的教子和他的妻子迎来了他们的第一个孩子，一个漂亮的女婴，但是有严重的残疾。hold意为“握着，举行”；lose意为“失去”；save意为“拯救，节约”。wele“迎接”符合语境。5．A.feelings B．futureC．lives D．routineC解析：根据语境，并结合上文中提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一个残疾的女婴可知，Heather看到了人的生活(lives)是如何在一夜之间发生改变的。routine“惯例，常规”。6．A.different B．similarC．worse D．betterB解析：根据上文提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一个残疾女婴并且Heather看到了人的生活是如何在一夜之间发生改变的可知，Heather开始关注那些有相似(similar)境遇的人。7．A.discovered B．claimedC．admitted D．feltA解析：她发现有数百万照顾慢性病患者和残疾人的护理员。discover“发现”；claim“宣称；断言”；admit“承认”。8．A.donated B．foundC．visited D．formedD解析：因此Heather在2012年建立了一个非营利组织，为那些成为护理员至少十年的人提供七天免费(free)休假。form“建立，组成”符合语境。donate“捐赠”；find“发现”；visit“参观”。9．A.taxes B．salaryC．expenses D．rentC解析：参见上题解析。tax“税”；salary“薪水”；rent“租金”。expense“花费”符合语境。10．A.free B．caringC．short D．longA解析：free“免费的”。11．A.believe B．takeC．refuse D．enjoyA解析：根据空后的“disbelief”可知，Tricia不相信她获得了一个免费休假这件事。A项意为“相信”，符合语境。12．A.woke B．defeatedC．showed D．movedB解析：根据下一段中的“Triciawent,andherfavoritepartsofthetripweretoenjoy”可知，Tricia接受了免费休假这件事情，由此可知，她对免费休假的怀疑(和向往)打败(defeated)了对于留下孩子们的担忧。wake“醒来”；show“展示”；move“移动”。13．A.wonderful B．deliciousC．peaceful D．simpleD解析：根据空后的“Igotto...Ichoseto”可知，Tricia在度假时所做的事情都是很普通、很简单的(simple)事情。wonderful“精彩的，极棒的”；delicious“美味的”；peaceful“平静的，和平的”。14．A.heaviness B．painC．sadness D．disbeliefA解析：她担心度假结束后，自己的生活会回归以前的沉闷，但出乎她意料的是后来的生活并没有回到从前。根据上文可知，Tricia是一个护理员，平时的工作都是照顾病人，生活少有放松的时候，故heaviness“沉闷”符合语境。pain“伤痛”；sadness“伤心，悲伤”；disbelief“怀疑，不信任”。15．A.entertainment B．dreamC．vacation D．freedomC解析：根据第四段第一句“Triciawasoneofthefirstcaregiverstogoonvacation.”可知，选C。16．Ament B．storyC．surprise D．fortuneB解析：上文讲述的是Tricia享受免费休假的故事，故B项story“故事”符合语境。17．A.worried B．confusedC．unexpected D．stressedD解析：根据上文提到的Tricia担心度假结束后自己的生活会回归以前的沉闷可知，D项“stressed”符合语境。18．A.award B．changeC．scenery D．acmodationB解析：根据上文可知，其他看护人员和Tricia一样，在度假前他们的生活较为沉闷；结合后一句“Theyreflectandrelax.”可知，在度假之后，他们变得很放松。据此可知，这样的改变令人惊讶。change意为“改变”，符合语境，故B项正确。award“奖”；scenery“风景”；acmodation“住宿”。19．A.slightly B．interestinglyC．magically D．mostlyC解析：这神奇地(magically)像是另外一个世界，并且给了他们一个从另一个角度(angle)看待他们的生活的机会。slightly“轻微地”；interestingly“有趣地”；mostly“大多地”。magically“魔法般地”符合语境。20．A.place B．situationC．height D．angleD解析：参见上题解析。B卷eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)阅读理解ATravel­WorthyDestinationsinBestFilmsArrivalBozeman,Montana,U.S.Theyear’sbestthriller,ArrivalfollowsaprofessortoamilitarycampinMontana,wheresheworkstotranslatethelanguageingfromalienvisitors.Thefilm,setinthewidelandscapeofMontana,connectsthevastnessoftheuniversewiththenaturalbeautyofBozeman.TraveltoBozeman,andyou’reboundtofeelitsquietness.Inthistown,thewildlifeoftheBridgerMountainslivesalongsidetheconstantinflowofMontanaStateUniversitystudents.Withallitsbreathtakinglandscape,Bozemanistheperfectplacetodosomesoulsearching.FencesPittsburgh,Pennsylvania,U.S.FencestellsofanAfrican­Americanfathersupportinghisfamilyduringthecivilrightsmovementofthe1950s.ThefilmwasshotinPittsburgh,knownforitsblue­collarhistory.Todayithasgrownintoacenterofprogressandculture.Itishometotheworld’sfirstgreenconventioncenter.Ontopofitsenvironmentaldevelopment,thecityhasworkedtokeepitsdiverseculturalheritage.VisitorscandiscoverPittsburgh’shistoryattheHeinzHistoryCenterandtastetheMediterraneanfoodatCure.MoonlightMiami,Florida,U.S.Amasterpieceofself­discovery,MoonlightfollowsanAfrican­AmericanboyinMiamiwhoistryingtofindhisplaceintheworld.Muchofthefilmissetinalow­ineneighborhoodnorthofdowntown,butvisitorstoMiamiwilllikelyseeadifferentsideofthelivelycity.Modernartmuseumsandrestaurantsfilltheinnercorridors,whileMiamiBeachisfilledwithmusicandoceanlovers.There’ssomethingforeveryoneinMiami,soenjoytheparty.【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了美国三个在最佳影片中出现的值得一游的地方以及这些地方的风景特色。1．WhatmakesBozemanatravel­worthydestination?A．ThestoryofthemovieArrival.B．Thepeacefullandscapeithas.C．MantanaStateUniversity.D．Alienvisitors.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一部分中的“TraveltoBozeman,andyou’reboundtofeelitsquietness.”可知，到博兹曼旅行，你一定会感受到它的宁静。据此可知，博兹曼值得一游是因为它有着宁静的风景，故B项正确。2．Pittsburghisknownfor________accordingtoParagraph2.A．itsdiversecultureB．African­AmericanfamiliesC．thecivilrightsmovementD．beautifulsceneryA解析：细节理解题。根据第二部分的倒数第二句“Ontopofitsenvironmentaldevelopment,thecityhasworkedtokeepitsdiverseculturalheritage.”可知，除了环境的发展，这个城市还保存着多元的文化遗产。据此可知，匹兹堡以其多元文化而闻名，故A项正确。3．InthemovieMoonlight,audienceswillseea________sideofMiami.A．modern B．poorC．hi­tech D．luxuryB解析：推理判断题。根据第三部分的第二句中的“Muchofthefilmissetinalow­ineneighborhoodnorthofdowntown”可知，这部电影大部分是在市中心北部的低收入社区拍摄的。据此可推知，观众可以通过影片看到迈阿密贫穷的一面，故B项正确。4．Theauthorwrotethepassagewiththeintentionof________．A．writingafilmreviewB．introducingsomefamousfilmsC．describinghowthemovieswereshotD．remendingtravellingdestinationsD解析：目的意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了美国三个在最佳影片中出现的值得一游的地方以及这些地方的风景特色。据此可知，作者写作本文旨在向读者推荐值得一游的地方，故D项正确。BFrenchsurgeonshaveperformedwhattheysaidonWednesdaywastheworld’sfirstpartialfacetransplant—givinganewnose,chinandlipstoawomanattackedbyadog.SpecialistsfromtwoFrenchhospitalscarriedouttheoperationona38­year­oldwomanonSundayinthenortherncityofAmiensbytakingthefacefromabrain­deadwoman,whohadhangedherselfjusthoursbeforetheoperation.Herfamilyagreedontheoperation.“Thepatientisinanexcellentstateandthetransplantlooksnormal，”thehospitalssaidinabriefstatementafterwaitingthreedaystoannouncethepioneeringsurgery.ThewomanhadbeenleftwithoutanoseandlipsafterthedogattackedherlastMay,andwasunabletotalkorchewproperly.Suchinjuriesare“extremelydifficult,ifnotimpossible”torepairusingnormalsurgicaltechniques,thestatementsaid.Thestatementdidnotsaywhatthewomanwouldlooklikewhenshehadfullyrecovered,butmedicalexpertssaidshewasunlikelytoresemblethewomanwhohadbeenthesourceofhernewface.TheoperationwasledbyJean­MichelDubernard,aspecialistfromahospitalinLyonwhohasalsocarriedouthandtransplants.Skintransplantshavelongbeenusedtotreatburnsandotherinjuries,butoperationsaroundthemouthandnosehavebeenconsideredverydifficultbecauseofthearea’shighsensitivitytoforeigntissue.TeamsinFrance,theUnitedStatesandBritainhadbeendevelopingtechniquestomakefacetransplantsareality.Therewasashort­termriskforthepatientifbloodvesselsbecameblocked,amedium­termdangerofherbodyrejectingthenewskinandalong­termpossibilitythatthedrugsusedcouldcausecancers.Expertssaythatalthoughsuchmedicaladvancesshouldbecelebrated,thetransplanthadthrownupmoral(道德的)andethical(伦理的)issues.Littleisknownaboutthepsychologicaleffectofthetransplant.【解题导语】文章介绍第一次面部移植手术的过程，包括这个手术会带来的危害和导致的辩论。5．Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe________.A．FirstFaceTransplantOpensDebateB．FrenchWomanHasFirstPartialFaceTransplant C．ApleteFaceTransplantofaFrenchWomanD．RisksandEthicalProblemsofaFaceTransplantB解析：标题归纳题。根据文章的内容和第一段可知文章介绍了一个法国女性接受了第一次面部移植手术。故选B。6．WhichofthefollowingisNOToneoftherisksoftheoperation?A．Heartdamage.B．Organrejection.C．Blockofbloodvessels.D．Sideeffectofthedrugs.A解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段可知这个手术的危险有：器官排异；血管的堵塞；药物的副作用。但是没有提到对心脏的损坏。故选A。7．Whatcanwelearnabouttheoperation?A．Therehasarisenadebateabouttheoperation.B．Thewomanhadusedthedeadwoman’swholeface.C．Thewomanwillsufferfrompsychologicaldamagesoon.D．Suchtransplantshavebeenperformedbydoctors.A解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的句子“Expertssaythatalthoughsuchmedicaladvancesshouldbecelebrated,thetransplanthadthrownupmoral(道德的)andethical(伦理的)issues.”可知手术已经引起了辩论。故选A。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)语法填空Haveyoueverthoughtaboutthebestmealyouhaveevereaten?Formanypeople,itisn’tjustaboutthequalityofthefood;it’salsoaboutgreatmemoriesofaparticularvacationorthepersonitwasshared1.____________.Weasked100famouschefsfrom