四川大学考博英语历年真题详解

2005年四川大学考博英语真题及详解Ⅰ. ReadingComprehension(30%,1markeach)Directions:Thereare6passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Passage1Weareallnaturallyattractedtopeoplewithideas,beliefsandinterestslikeourown.Similarly,wefeelcomfortablewithpeoplewithphysicalqualitiessimilartoours.Youmayhavenoticedhowpeoplewholiveorworkcloselytogethercometobehaveinasimilarway.Unconsciouslywecopythoseweareclosetoorloveoradmire.Soasportsman’sindividualwayofwalkingwithraisedshouldersisimitatedbyanadmiringfan;apairofloversbothshaketheirheadsinthesameway;anemployeefindshimselfduplicatinghisboss’shabitofwaggingapenbetweenhisfingerswhilethinking.Ineverycase,theinfluentialpersonmaynotconsciouslynoticetheimitation,buthewillfeelcomfortableinitspresence.Andifhedoesnoticethematchingofhisgesturesormovements,hefindsitpleasingheisinfluencingpeople:theyaredrawntohim.Sensitivepeoplehavebeenmirroringtheirfriendsandacquaintancesalltheirlives,andwinningaffectionandrespectinthiswaywithoutbeingawareoftheirmethods.Now,forpeoplewhowanttowinagreementortrust,affectionorsympathy,somepsychologistsrecommendthedeliberateuseofphysicalmirroring.Thecleversaleswomanechoesherladycustomer’smovements,tiltingherheadinthesamewaytojudgeacolormatch,orfoldingherarmsafewsecondsafterthecustomer,asthoughconsciouslyattractedbyher.Thecustomerfeelsthatthesaleswomanisinsympathywithher,andunderstandsherneeds—apromisingrelationshipforasaletotakeplace.Thecleverlawyer,tryinginalaw-courttoinfluenceajudge,imitatesthegreatman’sshruggingofhisshoulders,thetoneofhisvoiceandtherhythmofhisspeech.Ofcourse,physicalmirroringmustbesubtle.Ifyoublinkeverytimeyourtargetblinks,orbiteyourbottomlipeverytimehedoes,yourmirroringhasbecomemockeryandyoucanexpecttrouble.So,ifyoucan’tmodelsympathetically,don’tplaythegame.1.Accordingtothepassage,“physicalmirroring”(Pare.3)means______.A.thecomfortablefeelingaboutpeoplewithphysicalqualitiessimilartooursB.theimitationofthegesturesormovementsofthosewearecloseto,orlove,oradmireC.theattractiontopeoplewithideas,beliefsandinterestslikeourownD.thefactthatpeoplelivingorworkingcloselytogetherbehaveinasimilarway2.Physicalmirroringcancausetroubleif______.A.themirroringhasbecomemockeryB.thepersonmirroredfindsthatpeoplearedrawntohimC.thelawyershrugshisshouldersthewaythejudgedoesD.ithasbeenfoundtobedeliberatelyused3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisnotadeliberateuseofphysicalmirroring?A.Asaleswomantiltsherheadafterhercustomertojudgeacolormatch.B.Alawyeremulatesthetoneofthejudge’svoiceandtherhythmofhisspeech.C.Anaughtyboyblinkseverytimetheteacherblinks.D.Sensitivepeoplehavebeenmirroringtheirfriendsalltheirlives.4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Thelawyerwhoimitatesthejudgeistryingtoinfluencehim.B.Thecleversaleswomanechoesherladycustomer’smovementsbecausesheisunconsciouslyattractedbyher.C.Physicalmirroringisalwaysflatteringtothosewhoareimitated.D.Sensitivepeoplehavebeenmirroringtheirfriendsandacquaintancesbecausetheywanttowintheiraffectionandrespectinthisway.5.Theparagraphfollowingthispassagewillmostprobablymoveonto______.A.theimportanceofphysicalmirroringindailylifeB.thetroublescausedbythedeliberateuseofphysicalmirroringC.anexplanationofphysicalmirroringbyabehavioralscientistD.somewaystopreventphysicalmirroringfromoffending【答案与解析】1.B 作者在第三段给出physicalmirroring这一概念后紧接着在第四段就举了cleversaleswoman和cleverlawyer的例子对观点进行论述，从例子中可以看出选项B正确。2.A 根据最后一段ifyoublink...yourmirroringhasbecomemockeryandyoucanexpecttrouble，可知当模仿变成嘲笑时就会造成麻烦。所以答案为选项A。3.D 根据第二段sensitivepeoplehave…withoutbeingawareoftheirmethods，可知他们进行的是一种无意识模仿，而不是deliberateuse。4.C 从第二段的hewillfeelcomfortableinitspresence,hefindsitpleasingheisinfluencingpeople等处可以推断physicalmirroring是会使那些被模仿的人感到高兴的。5.D 作者在最后一段指出Ofcourse,physicalmirroringmustbesubtle和so,ifyoucan’tmodelsympathetically,don’tplaythegame，按逻辑发展接下来可能会介绍防止physicalmirroring引起不悦的方法。Passage2Themostinterestingarchitecturalphenomenonofthe1970’swastheenthusiasmforrefurbishingolderbuildings.Obviously,thiswasnotanentirelynewphenomenon.Whatisnewisthewholesaleinterestinreusingthepast,inrecycling,inadaptiverehabilitation.Afewtrialefforts,suchasGhirardelliSquareinSanFrancisco,provedtheirfinancialviabilityinthe1960’s,butitwasinthe1970’s,withstronggovernmentsupportthroughtaxincentivesandrapiddepreciation,aswellasgrowinginterestinecologyissues,thatrecyclingbecameamajorfactorontheurbanscene.OneofthemostcomprehensiveventureswastherestorationandtransformationofBoston’seighteenthcenturyFaneuilHallandtheQuincyMarket,designedin1824.Thissectionhadfallenonhardtimes,butbeginningwiththeconstructionofanewcityhallimmediatelyadjacent,ithasreturnedtolifewiththeintelligentreuseofthesefineoldbuildingsunderthedesignleadershipofBenjaminThompson.Hehasprovidedamarveloussettingfordining,shopping,professionaloffices,andsimplywalking.ButlerSquare,inMinneapolis,exemplifiesmajorchangesinitscomplexofoffices,commercialspace,andpublicamenitiescarvedoutofamassivepiledesignedin1906asahardwarewarehouse.Theexcitinginteriortimberstructureofthebuildingwashighlightedbycuttinglightcourtsthroughtheinteriorandaddinglargeskylights.SanAntonio,Texas,offersanobjectlessonfornumerousothercitiescombatingurbandecay.Ratherthanbringinginthebulldozers,SanAntonio’sleadersrehabilitatedexistingstructureswhilesimultaneouslycleaninguptheSanAntonioRiver,whichmeandersthroughthebusinessdistrict.6.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thearchitecturalphenomenonofthe1970’s.B.Thearchitecturalstylefrom1824to1970’s.C.Inthe1970’s,recyclingoldbuildingsbecamefamous.D.Duringthe1970”s,oldbuildingsinmanycitieswererecycledformodernuse7.TheapaceatQuincyMarketisnowusedfor______.A.Restaurants,officesandstoresB.SportsandrecreationalfacilitiesC.Boston’snewcityhallD.Amarveloussettingforcommerce8.InwhichofthefollowingwaysdoesthepassagestatethattheSanAntonioprojectdifferedfromthoseinBostonandMinneapolis?A.Itwasdesignedtocombaturbandecay.B.Itoccurredinthebusinessdistrict.C.Itinvolvedtheenvironmentaswellasbuildings.D.Itconsistedprimarilyofnewconstruction.9.Whatistheauthor’sopinionoftheSanAntonioproject?A.Itisclearlythebestoftheprojectsdiscussed.B.Itisagoodprojectthatcouldbecopiedinothercities.C.theextensiveuseofbulldozersmadetheprojectunnecessarilycostly.D.Theworkdoneontheriverwasmoreimportantthantheworkdoneonthebuildings.10.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.TheSanAntonioexampleshowstheenthusiasmforrefurbishingolderbuildings.B.Recentinterestinecologyissueshasledtothecleaningupofsomerivers.C.BenjaminThompsonwasthedesignerforaprojectinBoston.D.StronggovernmentsupporthasmadeadaptiverehabilitationarealityinBoston.【答案与解析】6.D 本文主要就是列举各地重新利用那些旧的建筑物，选项D符合。7.A 第二段第三句提到amarveloussettingfordining,shopping,professionaloffices,andsimplywalking，选项A中restaurants,officesandstores分别与文中dining,professionaloffices和shopping相对应。8.C 第二段说到在combatingurbandecay方面SanAntonio,offersanobjectlessonfornumerousothercities主要是因为它翻新城市旧建筑的同时也注意对环境的治理（cleaninguptheSanAntonioRiver）。9.B 根据第二段倒数第三句SanAntonio,Texas,offersanobjectlessonfornumerousothercities（SanAntonio对其他城市来说是一个很好的经验），所以选项B正确，“是一个很好的过程，可以为其他城市所借鉴”。10.C 第二段第二句中…underthedesignleadershipofBenjaminThompson，可知BenjaminThompson是其设计者，选项C与原文意思相符。Passage3Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynew,theyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon’t,andifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformation,alongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits.TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutnature.Indeed,Iregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itis,initsway,anilluminatingpieceofnews.Itwouldhaveamazedthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.Itisthissuddenconfrontationwiththedepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencethehumanintellect.Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare,andhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthis,wearedepresses.Itisnotsobadbeingignorantifyouaretotallyignorant;thehardthingisknowinginsomedetailtherealityofignorance,theworstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.Butwearemakingabeginningandthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecallthinkupthatcan’tbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Tobesure,theremaywellbequestionswecan’tthinkup,ever,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimits,weshouldbeabletoworkourwaythroughtoallouranswersifwekeepatitlongenough,andpayattention.11.Accordingtotheauthor,reallygoodscience______.AwillbringaboutsurprisinganddisturbingresultsB.willproduceresultswhichcannotbeforeseenC.willhelppeopletomaketherightchoiceinadvanceD.wouldsurprisethebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenment12.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscientistsofthe18thcentury______.A.thoughtthattheyknewagreatdealandcouldsolvemostproblemsofscienceB.didnomorethangoodinpromotingman’sunderstandingofnatureC.knewthattheywereignorantandwantedtoknowmoreaboutnatureD.wereafraidoffacinguptotherealitiesofscientificresearch13.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueofscientistsinearliertimes?A.Thepaidlittleattentiontotheproblemstheydidn’tunderstand.B.Theyinventedfalsetheoriestoexplainthingstheydidn’tunderstand.C.Theyfalselyclaimedtoknowallaboutnature.D.Theydidnotbelieveinresultsfromscientificobservation.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsscience?A.Heisdelightedbecauseoftheilluminatingscientificfindings.B.Heisdepressedbecauseoftheignoranceofscientists.C.Heisconfidentthoughheisawareoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.D.Heisdoubtfulbecauseoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.15.Theauthorbelievesthat______.A.mancanfindsolutionstowhateverquestionsconcerningnaturehecanthinkupB.mancannotsolvealltheproblemshecanthinkupbecauseofthelimitsofhumanintellectC.soonerorlatermancanthinkupallthequestionsconcerningnatureandanswerthemD.questionsconcerningconsciousnessareoutsidethescopeofscientificresearch【答案与解析】11.B 根据第一段第一句Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,ifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict“很难预知科学的结果将会怎样，如果是goodscience，那么它将很难预知”，所以选项B与原文意思相符。12.A 第二段Itwouldhaveamazedthebrightestmindsofthe18thcentury...betold...howlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead可以看出18世纪的科学家自以为了解很多，所以听说现代人类觉得很无知迷茫会觉得惊奇。13.D 第二段说Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps“在早期，我们会假装懂得事情怎样运作的，或忽略这些问题，或编造一些故事来填补空白”，所以只有选项D“他们不相信科学观察得结果”，在文中没有提到。14.C 从文中作者说的Withinourlimits,weshouldbeabletoworkourwaythroughtoallouranswers,Ifeeltotallyconfident…weareprofoundlyignorantaboutnature等处可以看出作者持比较乐观的态度。15.A 最后一段，作者明确指出thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan’tbeanswered“不会存在我们能想到但却无法解决的问题”，soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness“迟早，甚至是与意识有关的问题也能得到解决”。选项A“人们能找到他们所能想到的所有问题的解决方法”正确。Passage4Atitsbest,anyprisonissounnaturalaformofsegregationfromnormallifethat—liketoo—lovingparentsandtoozealousreligionandallotherwell—meantviolationsofindividuality—ithelpstopreventthevictimsfromresumingwhentheyareletout,anynaturalroleinhumansociety.Atitsworst,theprisonisalmostscientificallydesignedtodevelopbyforce-ripeningeveryoneoftheantisocialtraitsforwhichwesupposeourselvestoputpeopleintoprison(Isay“suppose”,becauseactuallyweputpeopleintoprisononlybecausewedon’tknowwhatelsetodowiththem).Theprisonmakesthemanwhoissexuallyabnormal,sexuallyamaniac.Theprisonmakesthemanwhoenjoyedbeatingfellowdrunksinabar-roomcomeoutwantingtokillapoliceman.Probablywecannottomorrowturnalltheso-calledcriminalslooseandclosethejails—though,ofcoursethatisjustwhatwearedoingbylettingthemgoattheendoftheirsentences.No.Societycannotfreethevictims.Societyhasunfittedliarfreedom.Doubtless,sincetheMillenniumisstillcenturiesahead,itisadvisabletomakeprisonsassanitaryandwell-lightedaspossible,thattheconvictsmayliveouttheirlivingdeathmorecomfortably.Onlykeepyourphilosophystraight.Donotimaginethatwhenyouhavebycarelessnessinnoinoculatingthem,letyourvictimsgetsmallpox,youaregoingtosavethemorexonerateyourselvesbybathingtheirbrows,howevergratefulthebathingmaybe.16.Theauthorsaysthatprisonislikesomeparents,orlikesomekindsofreligion,inthatit______.A.makespeopleincapableoflivingindependentlyB.doesn’ttrainpeopleforusefulworkC.istookindforpeopletolivefreelyD.istoostrictforpeopletolivefreely17.Accordingtothepassage,prison______insomeway.A.makesprisonersviolentB.makescriminalcharacteristicsworseC.causessexualproblemsinmostprisonersD.destroysprisoners’spirits18.Why,accordingtotheauthor,can’tweletalltheprisonersfree?A.Becausesocietycannotallowit.B.Becausesomeofthemhavebecomemaniac.C.Becausesomeofthemaretoodangerous.D.Becausesomeofthemhavebeenmadeantisocial.19.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothelastsentencebutone?A.Youcan’treformprisonersbykindtreatment.B.Itiseasytocatchdiseasessuchassmallpoxinprison.C.Societymakescriminals;itshouldn’tfeelit’sdoneenoughforthembycreatinggoodprisonconditions.D.Inanykindofpoliticalorsocialconditions,itisnaturalthatsomepeopleshouldturnouttobeenemiesofSociety.20.Whichofthefollowingseemstoyoutogivethebestsummaryofthepassage?A.Itistruethatprisonmakessomecriminalsworse,butSocietycannotbeblamedforthis—thereisnoothersolutioninanimperfectworld.B.Puttingpeopleintoprisonmakessomeofthemworse.Weshouldmakeprisonconditionsasgoodaspossible,butthisisbynomeansouronlydutytocriminals.C.Prisonshouldbesevereenoughtoactlikeasmallpoxinoculation,andsopreventthecriminalfromcatchingthe“disease”again.D.Theonlyrealsolutionistokeepsexualandviolentcriminalsinprisoninasgoodconditionsaspossibletoliveouttheir“‘livingdeath”.【答案与解析】16.D 第一段说anyprisonis...segregationfromnormallifethat—liketoo—lovingparentsandtoozealousreligion，表明了监狱像父母和宗教的原因是segregationfromnormallife,选项D符合。17.B 从第一段Theprisonmakes...sexuallyabnormal,sexuallyamaniac,makes...whoenjoyedbeatingfellowdrunks...comeoutwantingtokillapoliceman可以看出prison某些方面可能使犯人的性格更加恶化。18.A 根据第二段的叙述NoSocietycannotfreethevictims.Societyhasunfittedliarfreedom，可以看出不能释放所有罪犯是因为社会自身不允许这么做。19.C 本句起着承上启下的作用，从其前后两部分叙述内容来看，作者觉得是选项C的内容即社会造成的犯罪，不应该觉得它通过改善监狱条件就算是做的足够了。20.B 第一段介绍了把犯人放进监狱的好处——防止犯人出狱后重操旧业和坏处——会使犯人性格更加恶化，作者在第二、三段提出了自己的观点“makeprisonsassanitaryandwell-lightedaspossible”，选项B与原文内容相符。Passage5AnewlookatanasteroidorbitingthesunshowsitcouldpossiblysmashintotheEarthwithtremendousforce.Butexpertssaythepotentialimpactisstill872yearsaway,timeenoughfortiespeedingspacerocktoalteritscourse.Named1950DA,theasteroid—1kilometerwide—isthemostthreateningtotheEarthofalloftheknowlargeasteroids,buttheoddsareonlyaboutonein300thatitwouldimpacttheplanet,researcherssaid.“Onein300isprettylongodds,”saidJonD.Giorgini,ascientistinCalifornia.“I’mnotpersonallygoingtoworryaboutit.Itissofarinthefuturethatlotsofthingscouldchange.”Thereareapproximately1000asteroidsbiggerthanakilometerthatcanpassneartheEarthintheirorbitofthesun.About580havebeenfoundandtheirorbitsplotted.Ofthese,only1950DArepresentsapossiblethreat.ScientistscontinueanefforttoidentifyalltheotherlargeasteroidsthatpassneartheEarth,anditistheirgreathopethattheydon’tfindanythataregreaterthreats.If1950DAdidhittheEarth,saidGiorgini,itwouldhaveplanet-wideeffects,settingofffires,changingtheweatherandperhapscreatingimmensetidalwaves.Butitwouldnotbeaplanetkillerliketheasteroidthoughttohavesnuffedoutthedinosaurssome65millionyearsago.Asteroid1950DAwasfirstdiscoveredin1950,butthennotnotedinastronomylogsagainfordecades.Itwasrediscoveredintheyear2000andinMarch2001whizzedwithinabout77millionmilesofEarth,givingastronomersanopportunitytogathervisualandradarreadings.Fromthat,theastronomersprojectedtheorbitalpath1950DAwouldtakeonitsnext15nearpassesoftheEarth—overaperiodcoveringnearlyninecenturies.Forthe15thnearpass,onMarch16,2880,theanalysisshoweditwasmathematicallypossible,thoughunlikely,thattheasteroidcouldhittheEarth.Hesaidthehighestprobabilityisthattheasteroidin2880willmisstheEarthbyabout290,000kilometers—adistancecloserthanthe370,000-kilometerorbitoftheMoonaroundtheEarth.21.Talkingaboutasteroids,theauthortellsusthat______.A.nothingcanalterthecourseofanasteroidinitsorbitofthesunB.onlyaboutonein300asteroidsnearthesunwouldhittheEarthC.scientisthavemanagedtoidentifyalltheasteroidsorbitingthesunD.thereisnoimmediatethreattotheEarthfromanasteroid22.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.A.largerasteroidsaremorelikelytosmashintotheEarthB.anasteroidwillprobablyjustmisstheEarthin2880C.asteroidswilleventuallybringgreatdestructiontotheEarthD.noasteroidwasnotedinastronomylogsbefore195023.Judgingfromthecontext,theword“whizzed”mostprobablymeans______.A.keptturningaroundquicklyB.wentintoandoutofitsorbitquicklyC.movedveryfastD.explodedallthewhile24.Accordingtothepassage,whichoftheFollowingstatementsistrue?A.Scientistshavemanagedtoknowmorethingsaboutasteroid1950DA.B.Manypeopleseemtobeworriedaboutthepredictedasteroidsmash.C.Scientistsarestillquiteoptimisticaboutman’sfuture.D.TheEarthisfacedwithfrequentthreatsfromspace.25.Thebesttitleforthepassageis______.A.PossibleAsteroidSmashintireFutureB.NewDiscoveriesabout1950DAC.AsteroidsintheSolarSystemD.FutureThreat—AnAsteroidSmashesintotheEarth【答案与解析】21.D 从第一段Butexpertssaythepotentialimpactisstill872yearsaway,timeenoughfortiespeedingspacerocktoalteritscourse可判断短时间内小行星对地球不会有威胁。22.B 最后一段第一句话讲到Hesaidthehighestprobabilityisthattheasteroidin2880willmisstheEarth“他说极有可能在2880年theasteroidwillmisstheEarth”，所以选项B与原文意思相符。23.C 原句意思是“在距离地球7700万英里的地方疾驰而过”。whiz飕飕地飞驰。24.A 第四段说2001年1950DA划过地球givingastronomersanopportunitytogathervisualandradarreadings.Fromthat,theastronomersprojected...可以得出人们对1950DA已经有很多了解。25.A 本文讲述了人们担心行星会撞击地球，尤其是1950DA，科学家研究了其撞击可能性及年份（2088），选项A概括比较全面，符合文意。Passage6Participantobservationalsoreflectsanthropology’sdualnatureasbothascientificandahumanisticdiscipline.Throughthestressonparticipationandgettingtheinsider’sview,anthropologistsofnecessitybecomepersonallyinvolvedwiththeirsubjects.Theyshowahumanisticconcernforthepeopletheystudy,andthroughtheirattemptstounderstandanddescribepeople’sbehaviortheyhelpgiveoutsidersarichappreciationforotherpeopleandotherways.Nevertheless,withitsstressonobservation,anthropologistsstrivetofulfilltherequirementsofascientificdiscipline.Anthropologistsstriveforobjectivityandaccuracy.Theyoftenactuallycount,forexample,thenumberoftimesspecificbehaviorpatternsoccurandunderwhatcircumstances;theyusethisdataforempiricalstudiesthatintegratetheirobservationsintogenerallawsofhumanbehavior.Understandinganthropologyrequiresunderstandingitsdualnature.Perhapstwoinelegantbutusefultermsborrowedfromlinguisticswillhelp.Emicreferstothearrayofcategories(andtheirsystematicrelationships)throughwhichthebearersofaparticularcultureperceivetheworld.Ericreferstothearrayofcategories(andtheirsystematicrelationships)usedbyWesternsocialscientiststoexplaintheword.Inotherwords,theemicviewistheinsider’s,theparticipant’s,view,andtheeticistheoutsider’sthescientificobserver’s,view.Pierre’semicviewofhisdeath,forexample,isthathediedfromthepowerofthesorcerer,theanthropologist’s“eticview”isthathediedfromphysiologicaleffectsoffear,inducedbyhisbeliefinthesorcerer.Bothviewsarevalidunderthepropercircumstances,butanthropologyrequiresthattheybeclearlydistinguishedfromeachotherbecausetheyderivefromdifferentmethodologies,consistofdifferentkindsofdata,andleadtodifferenttypesofknowledge.Togethertheyfacilitateacompleteunderstandingofaculture.Anthropology’suniquenessliesinthefactthatitencompassesthemboth.26.Inthispassagetheauthormainlyattemptsto______.A.explainwhatanthropologyisconcernedwithB.comparetwodifferentschoolsofanthropologyC.showpeoplehowanthropologistsdotheirstudiesD.distinguishanthropologyfromotherdisciplines27.Whichofthefollowinghasbeenmentionedbytheauthorasessentialforacorrectunderstandingofaculture?A.Directcontactwiththecultureunderinvestigation.B.Knowledgeoflinguistics.C.Akeeninterestinscientificdisciplines.D.Firmbeliefinhumanitarianism.28.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Anthropologistsofnecessityknowhowtobehaveinaforeignculture.B.Anthropologistsdescribepatternsofhumanbehavior.C.Anthropologistsallstudythebehavioralpatternsofforeignnations.D.Anthropologistsprescriberulesofhumanbehavior.29.By“thebearersofaparticularculture”,theauthormemos______.A.peoplewhocantoleratethingsthatareforeignB.peoplewhosharethefeaturescharacteristicofaculturalgroupC.peoplewhoareheavilyburdenedbytheirculturalheritageD.peoplewhoareabletowithstandtheimpactofacultureshockwheninaforeigncountry30.ThePierrementionedinthepassagemustbe______.A.aquiteignorantpersonB.alunaticC.ananthropologistD.aphysiologist【答案与解析】26.D 本文向人们介绍人类学如何进行研究，第一段指出了方法stressonparticipationandgettingtheinsider’sview；showahumanisticconcernforthepeopletheystudy表明它与其他学科的不同。27.A 最后一段说togethertheyfacilitateacompleteunderstandingofaculture，这里指的是不同的propercircumstances，可以推断，要想真正了解一种文化，必须要接触它，了解其背景。28.B 从第一段throughtheirattemptsto…describepeople’sbehaviortheyhelp…appreciationforotherpeopleandotherways可以看出选项B正确。29.C thebearersofaparticularculture指的是某一特定文化的承受者。30.A 从文中叙述的他认为hediedfromthepowerofthesorcerer“死于巫术”，可以看出他是个很愚昧的人。Ⅱ. Vocabulary(10%,0.5markeach)Directions:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.31.Asweknow,bloodtypesAandBcannotreceiveAB,butABmayreceiveAorB.TypeOcangivetoanyothergroup;henceitisoftencalledthe______donor.A.commonB.universalC.generalD.popular【答案】B查看答案【解析】universaldonor万能献血者。universal普遍的，一般的。common常见的，平常的。general普通的，一般的。popular流行的，受欢迎的。32.Histotalworldlypossessions______littlemorethantheclotheshestoodupin.A.amountedtoB.turnedupC.settledforD.cameat【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：他的所有财产也就是身上穿的那些衣服。amountto数量上达到，意义上等于。turnup到达，来到。settlefor勉强接受，同意。comeat扑向，冲向。33.Thiscoursefocusesonthe______ofeconomicanalysistotheproblemsofinflation,unemployment,thebalanceofpaymentsandenterprisebehavior.A.introductionB.combinationC.applicationD.conception【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：这门课程集中讲的是经济分析在通货膨胀、失业、企业行为和还贷平衡等方面的应用。application应用，运用。introduction介绍，入门，导论。combination结合，合并。conception观念，概念。34.Ifmoreshortjourneysweremadebybicycles,energycouldbesavedandpollution______.A.declinedB.reducedC.droppedD.decreased【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：如果人们短途行程能更多地使用自行车，那就会节省很多能量，污染也会减轻。decline衰退，下降。reduce减少，降低（程度）。drop下降，降低。decrease减少，减弱，减轻。35.Theexhibition______suchendangeredanimalsasthegiantpandaandtheSiberiantigeranddescribestheworkbeingdonetoprotectthem.A.demonstratesB.exploitsC.featuresD.detects【答案】A查看答案【解析】demonstrate示范，演示。exploit剥削，利用，开发。feature由……主演，为……做广告。detect察觉，探测。36.Thereisno______betweenthesampleandthefinalproducthereceived.A.constraintB.consequenceC.conquestD.consistency【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：他所收到的样品与最终产品不一致。consistency一致性。constraint约束，强制。consequence结果，推论。conquest征服。37.Itwas______bytherailwayboardthatthecostofrailfareswouldheincreasedby