宁波大学外国语学院《661基础英语》历年考研真题及详解

2004年宁波大学外国语学院312基础英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ.EnglishPhonetics(20points)Instructions:GivethephonetictranscriptionsofthefollowingwordsorwriteoutthewordsaccordingtothegivenphonetictranscriptionsontheAnswerSheet.Remembertomarkoutthestressedsyllableofeachofthephonetictranscriptions.1.introduction【答案】/ɪntrəˈdʌkʃn/查看答案2.distill【答案】/dɪˈstɪl/查看答案3.doctorate【答案】/ˈdɒktərət/查看答案4.envoy【答案】/ˈenvɔɪ/查看答案5.duration【答案】/djuˈreɪʃn/查看答案6.counselor【答案】/ˈkaʊnsələ/查看答案7.embassy【答案】/ˈembəsi/查看答案8.ample【答案】/ˈæmpl/查看答案9.sinologist【答案】/saɪˈnɑːlədʒɪst/查看答案10.archaeological【答案】/ˌɑːkɪəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/查看答案11./pikˈtεriəl/【答案】pictorial查看答案12./priˈsi:diŋ/【答案】preceding查看答案13./əˈrei/【答案】array查看答案14./ˈrəutəri/【答案】rotary查看答案15./ˈlɔndʒitju:d/【答案】longitude查看答案16./mægˈnetik/【答案】magnetic查看答案17./ænˈtikwəti/【答案】antiquity查看答案18./ʃəuviˈnistik/【答案】chauvinistic查看答案19./kəmˈpeliŋ/【答案】compelling查看答案20./ˈfə:nis/【答案】furnace查看答案Ⅱ.ErrorDetectionandCorrection(20points)Instructions:Thereare20errorsconcerningspelling,diction,punctuationandgrammarinthefollowingpassage.UnderlineeachofthemandcorrectitinthecorrespondingnumberedblankontheAnswerSheet.Thebasicissueistheproposalthatrepresentationfunctionbymeansofadual-modesystem,withaccesstorulesandexemplars.Botharefeasable,buthowtheyexist,orrather,coexist,foranyparticularforeignlanguagelearnerwilldependonarangoffactors—contextoflearning,natureofinstruction,individualdifferencesandsoon.Therule-basedsystemisliketobeparsimoniouslyandelegantlyorganized,withrulesbeencompactlystructured.Theywilldrawinturnuponlexicalelements(themselveswellorganizedinalexicon)ifnecessary.Sucharule-basedsystemislikelytobegenerating,withrulesbeingcreativeintheirapplication,andsopreciseinthemeaningsthattheycanexpress.Itisalsolikelytoberestructurable,havingnewrulesreplacingorsubsumingoldrules,andthenfunctioningefficientlyasanextendingsystem.Suchmodeofrepresentationisalsolikelytobelesssensitivetofeedbacksincetheprecisionandsystemwhichacountsforrule-organizationwillmakethefeedbackmoreinformative.Inessencial,then,therule-basedsystemprioritizesanalyzabilily.Butofcourse,allthesegainsareachievedinoneconsiderablecost:theiroperationwillleadaheavyprocessingburdenduringgoingonlanguageuse.Rulesneedcomplexprocessesofconstructiontounderpintheiroperation,whichtheunitsfromwhichtheyarecomposedarenecessarilysmall,andrequiredetailattentionduringcomprehensionandassemblyduringproduction.Thisisresourcedraining,andlikely,inthecaseofthesecondlanguagelearner,tohavecapacity-stretchingdifficulties.Asresult,thismodeofcommunicationmayneedsupportivecircumstancesforittobefeasible.【答案与解析】Thebasicissueistheproposalthatrepresentation(21)functionbymeansofadual-modesystem,withaccesstorulesandexemplars.Bothare(22)feasable,buthowtheyexist,orrather,coexist,foranyparticularforeignlanguagelearnerwilldependona(23)rangoffactors(24)—contextoflearning,natureofinstruction,individualdifferencesandsoon.Therule-basedsystemis(25)liketobeparsimoniouslyandelegantlyorganized,withrulesbeencompactlystructured.Theywilldrawin(26)turnuponlexicalelements(themselveswellorganizedinalexicon)ifnecessary.Sucharule-basedsystemislikelytobe(27)generating,withrulesbeingcreativeintheir(28)application(29),andsopreciseinthemeaningsthattheycanexpress.Itisalsolikelytoberestructurable,havingnewrulesreplacingorsubsumingoldrules,andthen(30)functioningefficientlyasanextendingsystem.Suchmodeofrepresentationisalsolikelytobelesssensitiveto(31)feedback(32)sincetheprecisionandsystemwhich(33)acountsforrule-organizationwillmakethefeedbackmoreinformative.In(34)essencial,then,therule-basedsystemprioritizes(35)analyzabilily.Butofcourse,allthesegainsareachieved(36)inoneconsiderablecost:theiroperationwillleadaheavyprocessingburdenduring(37)goingonlanguageuse.Rulesneedcomplexprocessesofconstructiontounderpintheiroperation,whichtheunits(38)fromwhichtheyarecomposedarenecessarilysmall,andrequiredetailattentionduringcomprehensionandassembly(39)duringproduction.Thisisresourcedraining,andlikely,inthecaseofthesecondlanguagelearner,tohavecapacity-stretchingdifficulties.(40)Asresult,thismodeofcommunicationmayneedsupportivecircumstancesforittobefeasible.21.function→functions（representation为单数形式，此处因为是and后的完整句子所以function作动词，应加s。）22.feasable→feasible（feasible意为“可行的，可能的”，并没有feasable这个单词，此处是拼写错误。）23.rang→range（arangeof意为“一系列；一些”没有arangof这种搭配。）24.—→:（此题是有关标点符号的问题，破折号和冒号二者都可以表示总分，但表示的总说和分说的关系不同。若分说部分是对总说的分项说明或列举时，则用冒号；若分说部分是对总说的解释，则应用破折号。此处为分项列举，故应使用冒号。）25.like→likely（根据意思此处应为belikelyto，并且后文使用了好几个belikelyto，like也不能直接接在is和to之间，所以此处应改为likely。）26.turn→turns（inturns意为轮流，是多人间的轮流，所以此处错误。）27.generating→generative（此处因为以system为主语，所以无法使用generating，有根据后面的creative和precise可知此处应该也是形容system的形容词，故改为generative。）28.application→applications（前面使用的是their由此可知此处的应用应该为复数形式，所以此题选applications。）29.去掉“,”（此处的逗号应去掉，在这个句子“Sucharule-basedsystemislikelytobegenerating,withrulesbeingcreativeintheirapplication,andsopreciseinthemeaningsthattheycanexpress.”中and后面的句子与前面的beingcreative所在句子为并列关系，而此处这个逗号可能使人误以为此处的and与such所在主句相连，所以应去除此处的逗号。）30.functioning→functions（此处and应连接两个并列句，所以后句应改为完整的句子，故function做动词。）31.feedback→feedbacks（feedback为可数名词，在此处既没有冠词也没有复数，是不能单独拿出来的，应该使用复数形式。）32.since→because（since讲原因的时候一般在句首引导从句，所以此处使用because更好。）33.acounts→accounts（acount为名词，在此处意思和用法都不搭，此处应使用accountfor意为“对……负责”。）34.essencial→essence（essencial没有这个词，而且此处使用固定搭配inessence。）35.analyzabilily→analyzability（analyzabilily的拼写错误，应为analyzability。）36.in→at（此处考查固定搭配atthecost意为“以……为代价”。）37.goingon→going-on（goingon做形容词时中间要加连字符。）38.from→of（此处考查固定搭配，becomposedof意为“由……组成”。）39.during→in（during更强调于时间上的跨度，inproduction才是说“在生产中”。）40.Asresult→Asaresult（此处考查固定搭配，asaresult意为“因此”。）Ⅲ.Cloze(20points)Instructions:Fillineachoftheblanksinthefollowingpassagewithaproperwordorphrasewhichbestcompletesthesentence.WhenIreturnedtoCambridgein1948theprojectofScienceandCivilizationinChinabeganinearnest,withthehelpofmyfirstcollaboratorWangQing-Ning.AlthoughIwasstillSirWilliamDunnReaderinBiochemistry,and41._____hadagoodmanylecturestogivetotheadvancedstudents,wemade42._____progress,andthefirstvolumeoftheseriescameoutin1954.43._____backatitnow,Ifeelthatinataskofthissortitisveryimportant44._____toknowtoomuch,butyettobeinpossessionofaboundlessenthusiasmfortheChinesepeopleandtheirachievementsovertheages.Now45._____fifteenvolumeshavebeenpublished,andthewhole46._____isexpectedtoconsistofatleasttwenty-five,sowehavecomealongwaysincewe47._____.Andgraduallywhatacaveofglitteringtreasureswasopenedup!Myfriendsamongtheoldergenerationofsinologistshadthoughtthatweshouldfindnothing—buthow48._____theywere.Oneafteranother,extraordinaryinventionsanddiscoveriesclearlyappearedinChineseliterature,archeologicalevidenceorpictorialwitness,often,indeedgenerally,longprecedingtheparalleloradopted,inventionsanddiscoveriesof49._____.Whetheritwasthearrayofbinomialcoefficients,orthestandardmethodininterconversionofrotaryandlongitudinalmotion,orthefirstofallclockworkescapements,ortheplowshareofmalleablecastiron,orthebeginningsofgeobotanyandsoilscience,orthefindingofsmallpoxinoculation—whereveronelookedtherewas“first”after“50._____”.FrancisBaconhadselectedthreeinventions,paperandprinting,gunpowder,andthemagneticcompass,whichhaddonemore,hethought,thananyreligiousconviction,51._____anyastrologicalinfluence,oranyconqueror’sachievements,totransformcompletelythemodemworldandmarkit52._____fromantiquityandtheMiddleAges.Heregardedtheoriginsoftheseinventionsas“obscureandinglorious”andhedied53._____everknowingthatallofthemwereChinese.Wehavedoneour54._____toputthisrecordstraight.ChauvinisticWesterners,ofcourse,alwaystrytominimizethe55._____ofEuropetoChinain56._____andtheMiddleAges,butoftenthecircumstantialevidenceiscompelling.57._____thefirstblastfurnacesforcastironnowknowntobeScandinavianofthelateeighteenthcenturyAD,areofcloselysimilarformtothoseofthepreviouscenturyin58._____whileaslateastheseventeenthcenturyallthemagneticcompassesofsurveyorsandastronomerspointedsouth,notthenorth,just59._____thecompassesofChinahadalwaysdone.Inmanycases,however,wecannotasyetdetectthecapillarychannelsthroughwhichknowledgewasconveyedfromEasttoWest.Neverthelesswehavealwaysadaptedtheveryreasonableassumptionthatthelongerthetimeelapsingbetweentheappearanceofadiscoveryorinventioninonepartoftheworld,anditsappearancelateroninsomeotherpartoftheworldfaraway,60._____likelyisitthatthenewtilingwasindependentlyinventedordiscovered.【答案与解析】41.he（although后面有两个分句，第一句说的是我，主句里面又说的是我们，所以第二个分句应该说有关他的事情，所以填he。）42.great（前面分句说了我和他的各种不方便之处，尽管如此我们最终还是出版了这本书，所以说是取得了很大的进展。）43.Looking（根据句意，此处主要讲述作者在多年后回顾当时的情景，使用lookback。）44.not（后面的toomuch一般跟的都是否定的内容，并且后句还有butyet的转折，所以此处填not更为合理。）45.after（已经有15卷出版了，那就是说在这15卷出版之后。）46.set（总共想要出版25卷，这样为一套书，所以用set。）47.started（此处since后面要跟时间点，作者一直在感慨自从开始写这些书之后的成就，所以此处应该是“在我们开始之后”。）48.surprised（前句说了其他人是多么的不相信，然后用一个but进行转折，可见他们是很震惊。）49.theWest（根据后面所说的内容，中国的发明总是比西方的早，所以此处填西方，theWest。）50.first（此处指前文提到的这些发现发明中国要比西方早。）51.or（三项相并列，后一分句用的or，此处应该与之保持一致。）52.away（那些发明标志着它与中世纪相不同，awayfromit。）53.without（根据句意培根到死都不知道这些东西是中国的，所以此处填without。）54.best（根据句意我们尽了最大努力去改正这些记录，尽最大努力，tryourbest。）55.inferiority（前后文说到虽然西方好多发明都是在中国之后，但是西方的沙文主义是不会承认自已逊于中国的。inferiorto意为“逊于”。）56.antiquity（文章第3段第一句话中有过antiquity与theMiddleAges的搭配，所以应填antiquity。）57.Forinstance（前文说到间接证据是令人信服的，后面就提到了许多例子，所以此处应该使用表示例子的短语。）58.China（又是描述的西方和中国发明的差异，中国的不知道比他们早了多少年，所以此处填中国。）59.as（根据句意正如中国的指南针一直那样做的，正如，justas。）60.themore（此处考查常用句型themore...themore，意思为“越……越……”）Ⅳ.ReadingComprehension(40points)Instructions:Therearetwopassagesinthissection.Thetypesofthequestionsvarygreatly.Soreadtheinstructionscarefullybeforeyoucopewiththequestions.RemembertowriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.TheFutureoftheGrizzlyBearA.Grizzlybears(UrsusArctos)aredistributedaroundtheNorthernHemisphere,buttheirmajorhabitatisNorthAmerica.Thereareonlyabout58,000left,morethanhalfinAlaska.Thereweremorethantwicethatnumberlivingintherestofthecontinenttwocenturiesago,butby1975thesehadbeenreducedtofewerthan1,000,andlistedasathreatenedspecies.However,numbersinsomeareasappeartohavestabilizedandmaybereboundingslightly,bringingthetotaltoabout1,100.B.Apartfromnotbeingkilled,thebears’mainrequirementsarelotsofroomandlotsoffood.Theirdietisveryvariedandtheydevouralmostanysourceofnutrition,astheyhavetoliveonstored-upbodyfatfornearlyhalfayearwhilehibernatinginaden.Sotheyarenotfussyeaters.Salmon,whichtheycatchwithgreatskillinroaringrivers,isafavorite,butgrizzliesalsoeatelkandotherdeer,hornetlarva,rootsandbulbs,gophers,horsesandhorsefodder,andevendamsduguponbeaches.C.Overthewinter,alargegrizzlycanlose150pounds,whichneedstobereplaced.Sizeandbodyfataffecthowmanycubsafemaleproduces.Formales,gettingbigmeanscompetingmoresuccessfullyformates.Observershavecalculatedthatagrizzlycaneat2,500mothsanhour,and48,000aday.Amonthofsuchsteadyfeastingcouldfulfillnearlyhalfabear’senergyrequirementsforayear.D.Althoughhuntingdecimatedthegrizzlypopulationinthepast,sharpcurbshavebeenputonbothcommercialandsporthuntinginNorthAmerica’swildernessareas.Abiggerproblemforthegrizzliesistherestrictionoftheirhabitatsbyroadbuilding,bothhighwaysandloggingroadsinforests.Afemalegrizzlywillroaminanarea50to300squaremiles,whileamalegrizzlycanforageinterritoryofupto1,000squaremiles.Thebearswillseldomcrossahighway,nomatterhowunfrequented,andsolocalgovernmentshaveerectedspecial“wildlifeoverpasses”toencouragethemtocontinuetheirnormalwanderings.E.Grizzliesperformausefulserviceforthewell-beingoftheecologicalenvironment,accordingtoscientists.Astheydigintheground,theirclawsturnoverthesoil,releasingscarcenitrogenandallowingwildseedstolodge.Vegetationsuchasglacierliliesgrowbetterandproducesmoreseedsinswathsdugbybears.Thebears,too,caneatandspreadseedsfromasmanyas70,000berriesaday.InthecoastalforestsofthewestcoastsoftheU.S.andCanada,wheretheriversarerichinsalmon,itisgrizzlieswhichmakepossiblethegrowthofwhatecologistscall“salmontrees”.Asthefishfighttheirwayupstream,transportingtonsofnutrientsharvestfromtheoceans,grizzliescarrythatbountyacrosstheforestfloorintheformofurine,fecesandleft-overfishcarcasses.Thesenutrients,togetherwiththenitrogenthatthegrizzliesscratchupfromthesoil,enablethe“salmontrees”togrow60percentfaster.Overthecenturies,grizzlieshavethushelpedtoproducethetemperaterainforestswithgiantconifers,abletoproducemorebio-massperacrethantropicalrainforests.F.Tosolvetheproblemofshrinkinggrizzlypopulations,wildlifemanagersarebeginningtolookbeyondthetraditionalbordersofthenationalparks.TheYellowstonetoYukon(Y2Y)ConservationInitiativeisajointeffortbymorethan200U.S.andCanadianorganizations.ItaimstoconnectallthewildareasalongtheRockyMountainschain.Indeed,somescientiststhinkthatthelong-termsurvivalofisolatedgrizzlypopulationsmaywelldependonthecreationofsuchlinkagezones,narrowstripsofbear-friendlyhabitatsthatwouldrestoreconnectionsbetweentheseendangeredanimals,inNorthAmerica.Questions61-64Instructions:ThispassagehassixparagraphsA-F.Whichparagraphcontainsthegiveninformationineachquestion.WritetheappropriateletterA-FthatmatcheseachofthegivenquestionsonyourAnswerSheet.Therearemoreparagraphsthansummaries,soyouwillnotincludethemall.61.U.S.A.andCanadianeffortsmayensurethesurvivalofthegrizzlies.62.Thepresentsituationofthegrizzlypopulation.63.Thegrizzliesareanimportantcomponentoftheecosystem.64.Grizzlieseatawiderangeoffoods.【答案与解析】61.F 从文章F段中的“TheYellowstonetoYukon(Y2Y)ConservationInitiativeisajointeffortbymorethan200U.S.andCanadianorganizations.”得出答案。62.A 根据A段内容，主要讲了灰熊现存数目，以及曾经的数目。63.E 根据E段中“Grizzliesperformausefulserviceforthewell-beingoftheecologicalenvironment,accordingtoscientists.”可得出答案。64.B B段最后“grizzliesalsoeatelkandotherdeer,hornetlarva,rootsandbulbs,gophers,horsesandhorsefodder,andevendamsduguponbeaches.”显示出了灰熊吃的食物种类非常多。Questions65-69Instructions:Choosethebestoptiontocompleteeachofthefollowingstatements.RemembertowriteyourchoiceontheAnswerSheet.65.Mostgrizzlieslivein_____.A.theNorthernHemisphereB.UrsusArctosC.AlaskaD.NorthAmerica66.Tohelpsolvetheproblemofencroachmentongrizzlies’habitats,_____.A.curbshavebeenputonhuntingB.“wildlifeoverpasses”havebeenerectedC.roadsarenolongerbuiltinforestsD.highwaysaremorefrequented67.Grizzlieseatwhatevernutritiontheycanfindbecause______.A.theyarenotfuzzyeatersandtheyliketoeateverythingB.theyparticularlylikesalmonbuttheycanalsotakeotherfoodsC.theyonlyneedtoeatsteadilyforamonthD.theyhavetoliveonstored-upbodyfatfornearlyhalfayear68.Grizzliesassistthegrowthofvegetationby_______.A.spreadingseedsB.catchingsalmonC.eatingmothsD.breakingthetalltrees69.Thefunctionofthelinkagezonesisto_______.A.promoteCanada-U.S.A.cooperationB.expandtheareaofYellowstoneNationalParkC.restoreconnectionsbetweengrizzlyhabitatsD.expandthehorizonsofwildlifemanagers【答案与解析】65.D 根据文章第1段第一句话“Grizzlybears(UrsusArctos)aredistributedaroundtheNorthernHemisphere,buttheirmajorhabitatisNorthAmerica.”可知灰熊主要栖息地是北美。此题选D。66.B 根据第4段最后一句话“Thebearswillseldomcrossahighway,nomatterhowunfrequented,andsolocalgovernmentshaveerectedspecial‘wildlifeoverpasses’toencouragethemtocontinuetheirnormalwanderings.”可知政府建立“wildlifeoverpasses”来解决灰熊栖息地的问题，故此题选B。A选项所说内容是解决灰熊数目减少的方法之一，不符合题意。C，D是对第4段的错误理解，故不选。67.D 根据第2段第二句话“Theirdietisveryvariedandtheydevouralmostanysourceofnutrition,astheyhavetoliveonstored-upbodyfatfornearlyhalfayearwhilehibernatinginaden.”可知此题选D。68.A 第5段中间部分“Thebears,too,caneatandspreadseedsfromasmanyas70,000berriesaday.”可知灰熊会帮助种子的传播，所以A正确。BC选项为灰熊会做的事情但是与帮助植物发展无关。D选项未提及，不选。69.C 根据最后一段最后一句“Indeed,somescientiststhinkthatthelong-termsurvivalofisolatedgrizzlypopulationsmaywelldependonthecreationofsuchlinkagezones,narrowstripsofbear-friendlyhabitatsthatwouldrestoreconnectionsbetweentheseendangeredanimals,inNorthAmerica.”可知此题选C。Questions70-73Instructions:Completeeachofthefollowingstatementsusingawordorphrasefromtheboxbelow.Therearemorewordsandphrasesgiven,soyouwillnotusethemall.RemembertowriteyourchoiceontheAnswerSheet.70.By1975,thegrizzlyhadbecome______.71.Sizeandbodyfatcandeterminethenumberof______.72.Treesfertilizedbyfishremainsarecalled______.73.Y2Ywillfollowthe______.【答案与解析】70.fewerthan1,000（根据文章第1段第三句话“butby1975thesehadbeenreducedtofewerthan1,000”可知此题答案。）71.cubs（从第3段第二句话“Sizeandbodyfataffecthowmanycubsafemaleproduces.”可知体型和身体脂肪会影响雌性产下多少只幼崽。）72.salmontrees（从文章第五段“itisgrizzlieswhichmakepossiblethegrowthofwhatecologistscall‘salmontrees’.”可知这种树叫做“salmontrees”。）73.RockyMountains（根据最后1段第三句话“ItaimstoconnectallthewildareasalongtheRockyMountainschain.”可知这个保护区是沿着落基山脉的。）AWebWorldLanguage?A Theconceptofacommonlanguagetoeasecommunicationworldwideisnotanewone,butrecentlyithasbeengivenfreshurgencybythespreadoftheInternet.Currently,Internetusersarestilldividedintolanguagecompartments,i.e.,EnglishspeakersreadEnglishmessages,FrenchspeakersreadFrenchmessages,andsoon.Translationofinformationfromonelanguageintoanothertakesjustaslongasitalwaysdid.ButnowanideaforsolvingthisproblembyutilizingtheuniquefeaturesoftheWesternandChinesewrittenlanguageshasbeenproposed.B MostWesternwrittenlanguagesarebasedonphoneticalphabets,whereasChinesewritingisbasedonpictograms.TheRomanalphabet,forinstance,has26lettersrepresenting26differentsounds,wherewrittenChinesehasthousandsofpictograms,eachrepresentingadifferentword.OneadvantageoftheChinesemethodisthatthepictogramrepresentsthemeaning,notthesound.Thismakesthewrittenlanguagemoreflexiblethanthespokenlanguage,andabletorepresentmanymoreconcepts.However,thislargenumberofdifferentsymbolsmakeslearningthescriptamammothtask,anditisdifficulttousewithkeyboards.Phoneticalphabets,ontheotherhand,havefewsymbols,makingthemeasytolearn,andtheyaresuitedtokeyboardtransmission.Themaindrawbackisthatonlyaspeakerofthelanguagecanreadwritinginthatlanguage,whereasthepictorialapproachallowsanylanguagetobewrittenandreadwithauniversalsetofsymbols.C However,thetwoideasmaybeabletobecombinedinsuchawayastoprovidethebenefitsofbothwiththedisadvantagesofneither.Thelargenumberofdifferentsymbolsofthepictographicsystemcanbereducedbycreatingasmallsetofbasicsemanticunitswhichcanbecombinedtomakewords,inthesamewaythatthesoundsofallwordsinalanguagecanberepresentedbyasmallnumberofsimplesoundunitscalledletters.D Itmaybepossibletorepresentallmeaningsbytheappropriatechoiceofbasicsemanticconceptunitswhichcouldbecalledsembols(semanticsymbols),thedecompositionofwordsinalanguageintounitsofmeaningratherthansound.Analphabetofbasicmeaningunitscouldbecreated.Thissemanticalphabetwouldbeusedtowriteallwordsofanylanguageinacommonmannereasyforcomputerprogramsto“understand”.Theideacanbetakenfurther:Alanguagecanbecreatedbasedonwordscomposedfromsuchsemanticunitsinnewways.Newwordscanevolveasrequired,bycreativecompositionfromthebasicunits.Anyhumanlanguagewouldbeunderstandableifwrittenbythismethod.E Firstofall,200orsobasicsemanticunitswouldbechosen.Inordertomakethelanguagepronounceableaswellaswritable,eachsemanticunitwouldbeassignedaphoneme,orunitofsound,suchas“ba”.Eachphonemewouldbeassociatedwithoneandonlyonemeaning.Itwouldthenbeassignedaparticularsembol.Wordscouldthenbeassembledintosentences.Forexample,thefollowingbasicphonemes:tu(utility),su(surface),bu(above),gra(ground),couldbeusedtoformthewordtusubugra(utilitysurfaceaboveground)meaningtable.ThissystemwouldworkwithcurrentprintingandcomputertechnologyasitusestheRomanalphabet.F Thebasicsembol-setwouldthenbeassembledinsidethecomputerinsuchawayastoallowprogramstounderstandthewordsrepresentedbythesembol-set.Thecomputercanbegivenaccesstoatranslationdictionary,whichwillallowittotranslatewordsin,say,Englishintosembology.Thecomputercanthenreachalevelofunderstandingwhereitcanexpanditsownknowledgebytranslatingandthenunderstandinganytext,suchasbooks,newspaperarticles,etc.G Thetrulyrevolutionarypotentialforthisnewlanguageliesinthefactthatcomputersusingitwillbeabletorepresentandcommunicateknowledgearrivedatbythisprocesstooneanother,formingacommonexpandingdatabase.Suchasystemwouldendupbeinghighlyintelligent.Byrecordingprobabilitiesofassociationofdifferentconceptsandevents,itcouldperhapspredictandsuggestnewlinesofresearch,newhithertounknownassociations,etc.Itcouldalsoprovideareferencedatabaseofhumanknowledge,inaformamenabletovariousmethodsofautomatedprocessing.Questions74-80Instructions:ThispassagehassevenparagraphsA-G.Inwhichparagraphcanyoufindthefollowinginformation?Anyletteroftheparagraphcanbeusedmorethanonce.RemembertowriteyourchoiceontheAnswerSheet.74.TheChinesewrittenlanguageismoreflexibleandrepresentative.75.Theprinciplesofsymbolicandpictographicwritingcanbecombinedadvantageously.76.Computersmaytakeoverthedevelopmentprocessofthenewlanguage.77.ThelanguagebarrierstillexistsforusersoftheWeb.78.Itispossibletorepresentthewordsofallthelanguagesincomputerform.79.Thealphabetofthenewlanguagewillnotbebasedonphonetics.80.Thetechnologyoftranslationfromonelanguagetoanotherhasnotyetimprovedmuch.【答案与解析】74.B 文章B段的中部“Thismakesthewrittenlanguagemoreflexiblethanthespokenlanguage,andabletorepresentmanymoreconcepts.”可知中文的书写更加灵活，能代表更多的概念。75.C 根据C段第一句话“However,thetwoideasmaybeabletobecombinedinsuchawayastoprovidethebenefitsofbothwiththedisadvantagesofneither.”以及C段的内容可知这两种语言的优点可以相结合。76.F 从第6段最后一句“Thecomputercanthenreachalevelofunderstandingwhereitcanexpanditsownknowledgebytranslatingandthenunderstandinganytext,suchasbooks,newspaperarticles,etc.”可知电脑可以达到一个理解的水平，它可以通过翻译扩大自己的知识，然后理解任何文本，如书籍，报纸文章等。由此说明电脑自己就可以接管这种新语言的发展。77.A 由A段第二句话“Currently,Internetusersarestilldividedintolanguagecompartments”可知网络上语言的障碍还存在。78.D 根据D段第一句话“Itmaybepossibletorepresentallmeaningsbytheappropriatechoiceofbasicsemanticconceptunits”以及后面的让电脑运行这种系统可知此句话出自D段。79.B 从B段的倒数第三句话“However,thislargenumberofdifferentsymbolsmakeslearningthescriptamammothtask,anditisdifficulttousewithkeyboards.”可知象形文字过于复杂不能用在新的语言中。故此句源于B段。80.A 根据A段倒数第二句话“Translationofinformationfromonelanguageintoanothertakesjustaslongasitalwaysdid.”可知语言之间的相互翻译还没有什么进展。V.Writing(50points)Instructions:Confuciussaid,“Iexaminemyselfthreetimesaday.”Butmodempeopleseemtobesooccupiedwiththeirworkthattheyhavenotimeforself-reflection.Aphilosopheroncewarnedthat“Anunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving.”Writeanarticleofsome500wordsonthistopiceitherinfavorofthewarningornotinfavorofit.RemembertowriteyourarticleontheAnswerSheet.【参考译文】AnUnexaminedLifeIsNotWorthLivingItotallyagreewiththiswarning.AsfarasIamconcerned,IbelieveHappinessisconnectedwithself-reflection.Happinessdoesnotdropfromthesky;it’stobecreatedbyourownhands.JustasSocrates,agreatphilosopherandideologistsaid“Theunexaminedlifeisnotworth