语法填空满分策略

语法填空满分策略授课人：刘运芳把握方向满分策略内容示例字符延长EXQUISITETEACHINGDESIGNTEMPLATETESTINGDIRECTIONSCIENTIFICSTRATEGYLEARNINGEXAMPLES目录CONTENTS第一部分把握方向试卷年份语篇类型主题语境有提示词类无提示词类谓语动词非谓语动词词类转换名词代词比较级冠词介词副词代词连词与从句全国卷Ⅰ2019说明文人与自然——动物介绍222

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12018说明文人与自我——跑步运动1221

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112017说明文人与自我——健康饮食2211

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1全国卷Ⅱ2019记叙文人与自我——人物介绍232

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22018说明文人与自然——生态保护223

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12017说明文人与社会——地铁历史2131

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全国卷Ⅲ2019记叙文人与社会——旅行经历223

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12018记叙文人与自然——森林偶遇131

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12017记叙文人与自我——人物介绍2221

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1从近三年高考来看，语法填空的考点分布如下：一、有提示词类：设置7个小题高频考点谓语动词1～2题：考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词。非谓语动词1～3题：考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。派生词1～3题：考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。名词0～1题：主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。形容词和副词类0～1题：主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。低频考点代词：0～1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。二、无提示词类：设置3个小题高频考点介词0～1题：重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及短语介词。冠词0～1题：重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉及零冠词。从属关联词0～2题：侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句的引导词也偶有涉及。低频考点并列连词0～1题：并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。其他0～1题：包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do，does，did；构成部分倒装的do，does，did；构成一般疑问句的do，does，did)，构成强调结构的it或that，连接性副词(before，ago，however，anyway...)等。一如何应对提示词为动词题【思维流程】[示例1](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut65.

(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements，leadingtoa66.beliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.分析：分析句子结构可知，缺少谓语，故应填谓语动词。由时间状语“Inrecentyears”可知，句子用现在完成时；再由主语“someInuitpeople”可知，谓语动词应用复数形式，故谓语动词用havereported。[示例2](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenwegotacall68.

(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas69.ajoke.分析：分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词got，空处应填非谓语动词。再由句意可知，say与前面的acall之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语saying...作后置定语，修饰acall。二如何应对提示词为其他词题【思维流程】[示例1](2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466.that/whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67.

(cause).分析：cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，且前面有all修饰，故填cause的复数形式causes。[示例2](2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Theyalsosharedwithusmany67.

(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere68.hugely(huge)popularwithtourists.分析：所填词修饰名词stories，故应用tradition的形容词形式traditional。[示例3](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62.

(poor)studied.分析：此处修饰动词studied，故应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。[示例4](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientistshaverespondedby67.noting(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements，leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare68.

(high)thantheyactuallyare.分析：根据空格后的than可知，此处应用high的比较级形式higher。三如何应对纯空格题【思维流程】[示例1](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modernmethods63.

trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s.分析：amethodof/fordoingsth做某事的方法。[示例2](2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Iwassearching67.

thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI’dbeenobserving.分析：searchfor意为“寻找”，为固定搭配，故填介词for。[示例3](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of69.

nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining，six70.are(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.分析：此处特指确认的19个北极熊亚种群，故用定冠词the。[示例4](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenwegotacall68.saying(say)shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwas69.

joke.分析：joke“笑话，玩笑”，是可数名词。空格后用了单数joke，故其前用a。[示例5](2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However，therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths，morethan25，000peoplewereusing67.

everyday.分析：指代前句中的therailway，故填it。[示例6](2016·全国卷Ⅲ)InmuchofAsia，especiallytheso-called“ricebowl”culturesofChina，Japan，Korea，61.

Vietnam，foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.分析：这里列举了亚洲的一些国家，它们为并列关系，应用and。[示例7](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，62.

sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.分析：分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，thepetshop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which。[示例8](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°，thereisevidence61.

theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.分析：分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。1.【2019·全国卷I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence___61___theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen___62___(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.Modernmethods___63___trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive___64___(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut___65___(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa___66___(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby___67___(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare___68___(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of___69___nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six___70___(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.2.【2019·全国卷II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for___61___(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,___62___sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave___63___(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrene___64___(declare)shehadnoplans___65___(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid，“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI___66___(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,___67___becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks，31-whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness-saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid，“Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall___68___(say)shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwas___69___joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It's___70___(wonder).”3.【2019·全国卷III】读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Onourwaytothehouse，itwasraining___61___hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake___62___(get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack___63___dogs，seventobeexact.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters___64___hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand___65___(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat，shop，andvisit.Forbreakfast，wewereabletoeatpapaya(木瓜)andotherfruitsfromtheirtreesinthebackyard.Whentheywerefreefromwork，theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting___66___(compete)towatch，togetherwiththestorybehindit.Theyalsosharedwithusmany___67___(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere___68___(huge)popularwithtourists.Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay，we___69___(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars，___70___(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.4.【2019·浙江卷】Thereareseveralreasonswhyschooluniformsareagoodidea.Firstofall,uniformshelptheschoollooksmart.Thestudentsfeelthattheybelongtoaparticulargroup.Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform,nobody___56___(have)toworryaboutfashion(时尚).Everybodywears___57___samestyleofclothes.Uniformscanbeusefulinunexpectedways,AschoolinIrelandhasintroducedaninterestingnewuniform.Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth___58___givesofflightinthedark.Whenthechildrenarewalkingor___59___(cycle)toschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscan___60___(easy)seethem.Butcanuniformshelpimproveschoolstandards?Theanswer___61___thisquestionisnotclear.OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents'grades___62___(improve)alittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.Butsomestudentsdidn'twant___63___(wear)theuniform.OtherAmericanstudiesshowedno___64___(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.Schooluniformsare___65___(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.Someverygoodschoolsdon'thaveauniformpolicy.However,uniformsarestillpopular.Pupilsatabout90percentofBritishsecondaryschoolswearuniforms.5.【2018·全国卷I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise…it’sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68

(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit’salways69(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.6.【2018·全国卷II】DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry___61___（grow）morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover___62___past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.Atasteformeatis___63___(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice___64___(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater___65___riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased___66___(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal___67___(globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment___68___(start)asoil-testingprogram___69___givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile___70___(feed)itscitizens"offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide."saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.7.【2018·全国卷III】

I'mnotsure_____61_____ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩）thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.I'mwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly,I'mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat____62____topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe___63___(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid____64____(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeel____65____(challenge).MynameisMireyaMayor.I'ma___66___(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.Iwassearching___67___thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI'dbeenobserving.Noonehadseenthemforhours,andmycolleaguesandIwereworried.WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind____68__(they)alive.Truetoagorilla'sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal____69____(mean)menorealharm.Hewasjustsaying:"I'mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder!"Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme____70____(stay)andwatch.8.【2018·浙江卷】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimetocook.MakingChinese56(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.Manywesterners57cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap58canbetoeatout.Istillremember59(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandI60(shock)whenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto61(become)commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears,it’snotwithoutacost.Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe62(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.Therecouldbeaneven63(high)costonyourhealth.Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein64(weigh)problems.Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum’shome__65__dinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher.Cookingfoodcanbefun.Youmightalsobegintonoticetheeffectsnotonlyonyourhealthbutinyourpocket.9.【2017·全国卷I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity（医学界）61amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired63(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt64(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifismissingsomething.As65result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even66(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood___67___(be)fulloffatandsalt;by68(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃点心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be69(care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70isnotgoodforthehealth.10.【2017·全国卷II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible__61__(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand___62__work.Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,____63___(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover___64___top.Whenallthosehadbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced.Steamengines___65__(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen___66__(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing___67__everyday.Later,engineers____68___(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道）,whichbecameknowntothetube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe___69___(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.ThecentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost___70___(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhite-paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.11.【2017·全国卷III】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewA-levelcourse.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term61(rest).Instead,sheisearning£6500adayas62modelinNewYork.Sarah63(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodelearningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull-time.ButSarah,64hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants65(prove)thatshehasbrain