安徽大学外语学院基础英语历年考研真题及详解

2002年安徽大学318基础英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ.Choosethewordorphrasewhichbestcompleteseachsentence.(10%)1.AstheboatboundforNanjingleavesonlyon_____days,wehadnochoicebuttostayinthehotelovernight.A.alternativeB.separateC.alternateD.successive【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：开往南京的火车隔天才发，我们除了整晚呆在旅馆别无选择。alternative供选择的；交替的。separate单独的；分开的。alternate交替的；轮流的。successive连续的；依次的。onalternatedays属于固定搭配，意为“隔天”。故正确答案为C。2.I’dliketobuytheradio,butIhaven’tgotanymoneyonmeatthemoment.Couldyou_____formeforadayortwo?A.putitoutB.putitbyC.takeitinD.layitin【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我想买这台收音机，但我现在没钱，能帮我留上一天两天吗？putout扑灭。putby放在旁边。takein理解。layin躺在……上。根据句意可知，putitby最为符合。故正确答案为B。3.Thenovelistisahighly_____personwithgreattalent.A.imaginativeB.imaginableC.imaginaryD.imaginal【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：这位小说家是一个极富想象力的人，具有非凡的才能。imaginative富于想象力的。imaginable可能的；可想象的。imaginary虚构的；假想的。imaginal形象的。根据句意可知，imaginative最为符合。故正确答案为A。4.Awayfromthebusierroads,the_____atmosphereremainsoneofcalmmediationandcontentment.A.controllingB.prevailingC.dominantD.influential【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：远离繁忙的道路，普遍的气氛仍然是平静的调解和知足。controlling控制；管控。prevailing流行的；最普通的。dominant占优势的；支配的。influential有影响力的；有势力的。根据句意可知，prevailing最为符合。故正确答案为B。5.Nowadays,akindof_____grainthatistwiceasexpensiveasregulargrainisbecomingpopularinHefei.A.purifiedB.clarifiedC.whitenedD.refined【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：现在，一种比普通粮食贵一倍的精制谷物在合肥越来越受欢迎。purified净化的；精制的。clarified澄清的；透明的。whitened漂白的；刷白的。refined微妙的；有教养的。根据句意可知，purified最为符合。故正确答案为A。6.Ocean-goingvesselshaveoftenusedflagstoindicatetheirnational_____.A.homageB.allegianceC.obligationD.obedience【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：远洋船只经常使用旗帜来表示他们效忠的国家。homage敬意；尊敬。allegiance效忠；忠诚。obligation义务；职责。obedience服从；管辖。根据句意可知，allegiance最为符合。故正确答案为B。7.Einstein,whoworkedouthistheoryofrelativity,livedtoa_____oldage.A.matureB.perfectC.ripeD.obedience【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：研究出相对论的爱因斯坦活到了晚年。mature成熟的；成年人的。perfect完美的。ripe成熟的；时机成熟的。obedience服从；顺从。ripeoldage意为“晚年”。故正确答案为C。8.Somepeopledonotliketohavetheirdaily_____upset.A.systemB.customC.routineD.life【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：有些人不喜欢让自己的日常生活烦恼。dailyroutine属于固定搭配，表示“日常工作；日常生活”，符合句意。故正确答案为C。9.Alllivingcreatureshavesome_____thatarepassedonfromonegenerationtothenext.A.propertiesB.aspectsC.facultiesD.attributes【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：所有生物都有一些代代相传的特征。property性能；财产。aspect方面；形式。faculty教员；学院。attribute属性；特征。根据句意可知，attribute最为符合。故正确答案为D。10.Thewholeareasofnationalandlocalgovernmentswassubjectedtoathoroughfinancial_____andinefficiencyandwastewereattacked.A.searchB.researchC.surveyD.scrutiny【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：全国和地方政府的整个领域都受到了彻底的财政审查，效率低下和浪费都受到突击。search搜寻；探究。research研究；调查。survey调查；测量。scrutiny监视；细看。根据句意可知，scrutiny最为符合。故正确答案为D。Ⅱ.Choosetherightwordinthebracketineachofthefollowingsentence.(10%)1.Johnwassentencedtothreemonthsimprisonmentbecausehetriedto_____taxbyfalsifyinghisreturns.(evade/avoid)【答案】evade查看答案【解析】句意：因为约翰企图通过伪造申报表逃税，被判入狱三个月。avoid避免；躲避。evade意为“规避；逃避”，经常与tax搭配，表示“逃税”。故选择evade。2.Whenwritingthecomposition,besuretowriteineveryotherlineandleavea_____.(edge/margin)【答案】margin查看答案【解析】句意：写作文时，一定要写在每一行，然后留一页边。edge边缘；刀刃。margin页边的空白；余裕。根据句意可知，选择margin。3.Aftertheaccidentwhenhecametohis_____,inahospitalbed,heaskedaboutthesafetyofhiscolleagues.(senses/sensation)【答案】senses查看答案【解析】句意：senses感觉；意义。sensation感动；轰动。cometoone’ssenses意为“恢复知觉”。故选择senses。4.Thefourth-yearstudentshave_____opinionsaboutwhatisthemostimportantthinginlife.(varied/various)【答案】various查看答案【解析】句意：四年级学生对生活中最重要的事情有不同的看法。varied多变的；杂色的。various各种各样的；多方面的。根据句意可知，various最为符合。故选择various。5.SincehewasnotinShanghaiwhenthefirstmurdertookplace,thepolicefindnoreasonto_____himnowashehassomethingurgenttodoinBeijing.(retain/detain)【答案】detain查看答案【解析】句意：由于第一次谋杀发生时他不在上海，警方现在没有理由拘留他，他在北京有急事要做。retain保持；保留。detain拘留；扣押。根据句意可知，detain最为符合。故选择detain。6.Travelcanbeagood_____toone’seducationbecauseitbreaksone’svision.(compliment/complement)【答案】complement查看答案【解析】句意：旅行是对一个人的教育的一个很好的补充，因为它拓宽了一个人的视野。compliment恭维；问候。complement补语；补充。根据句意可知，complement最为符合。故选择complement。7.Theblackpeoplewereindignantaboutthe_____lip-serviceofthepoliticianswhomadepromisestothemwhichtheyknowcouldnotbekept.(flagrant/fragrant)【答案】flagrant查看答案【解析】句意：黑人对政客们公然的口头承诺表示愤慨，他们作出了承诺，而黑人知道这些承诺是无法兑现的。flagrant公然的；明目张胆的。fragrant芳香的；愉快的。根据句意可知，flagrant最为符合。故选择flagrant。8.Thedirector’s_____remark,utteredinamaliciousway,greatlyhurttheyoungsecretary.(contemptuous/contemptible)【答案】contemptuous查看答案【解析】句意：主任轻蔑的话语，以一种恶意的方式，极大地伤害了年轻的秘书。contemptuous轻蔑的；侮辱的。contemptible可鄙的；可轻视的。根据句意可知，contemptuous最为符合。故选择contemptuous。9.Theformerworldboxingchampionwantedustogetintouchwithhis_____adviserforthecharge.(legal/lawful)【答案】legal查看答案【解析】句意：这位前世界拳击冠军希望我们与他的法律顾问取得联系。legal法律的；合法的。lawful合法的；法定的。legaladviser属于固定搭配，意为“法律顾问”。故选择legal。10.Theteacher’sanimatedwayofteachingwill_____quickresponsefromthestudentsinlanguageteaching.(illicit/elicit)【答案】elicit查看答案【解析】句意：这位老师生动的教学方式能引起学生对语言教学的快速反应。illicit违法的；不正当的。elicit抽出；引出。elicitresponse属于常用搭配，表示“引起……的反应”。故选择elicit。Ⅲ.Replaceeachunderlinedphrasewithanappropriatewordgrouplistedbelow.(10%)1.Pleasedon’tresentourreply,butyou’vegoingallalongtheline.【答案】ineveryrespects查看答案【解析】句意：请不要怨恨我们的答复，但你已经处处这样做了。allalongtheline意为“处处；全面地”。ineveryrespects在每一方面；各个方面，与allalongtheline意义相近。所以选择ineveryrespects。2.Yourfriendshipwillsoonfallthroughbecauseyourfriendswillrecognizeinsincerity.【答案】cometonothing查看答案【解析】句意：你的友谊很快就会破裂，因为你的朋友会认识到你的不真诚。fallthrough意为“落空；失败”，这里指友谊破裂。cometonothing与fallthrough意义相近，均表示“失败”。所以选择cometonothing。3.XiaoWangsaidthathewasoutofsortsanddidn’tfeelequaltothetaskassignedhim.【答案】notwell查看答案【解析】句意：小王说他心情很不好，觉得分配给他的任务不公平。outofsorts意为“心情不佳；身体不适”。notwell与outofsorts意义接近，意为“不爽；身体不佳”。所以选择notwell。4.HisgrandmotherwasinaflutterwhenshewasexpectingacityofficialwhowouldvisittheNeighborhoodCommitteewheresheworked.【答案】inastateofnervousexcitement查看答案【解析】句意：他的祖母等着一个城市官员去拜访她工作的社区委员会时，感到心慌意乱。inaflutter意为“心慌意乱；心绪不宁”。inastateofnervousexcitement与inaflutter意义相近，表示“心情紧张”。所以选择inastateofnervousexcitement。5.Where’sthechild?Ihopehe’snotuptoanyofhisoldtricksagain!【答案】engagedin查看答案【解析】句意：那孩子在哪里？我希望他再也不会玩老把戏了！upto意为“正在做；忙于”。engagedin与upto意义相近，均表示“忙于”。所以选择engagedin。6.Whensallywasunjustlyblamed,sheretortedheatedly.Shewouldn’ttakethingslyingdown.【答案】submitwithoutopposition查看答案【解析】句意：萨莉受到不公正的指责时，她进行了激烈地反驳。她不会轻易认输。takethingslyingdown意为“轻易认输”。submitwithoutopposition与takethingslyingdown意义接近，表示“没有反对就屈服了”。所以选择submitwithoutopposition。7.Tobeginwith,notalltheEnglishremainloyalandfirmtoEnglishness.【答案】holdfastto查看答案【解析】句意：首先，并非所有的英国人都对英国范保持忠诚和坚定。firmto意为“坚定于；坚持”。holdfastto与firmto意义接近，表示“紧紧抓住；坚持”。所以选择holdfastto。8.Butthispeacefulrevolutionofhopecannotbesubvertedbyhostilepowers.【答案】becomethepreyof查看答案【解析】句意：但是，这种希望的和平革命不会被敌对势力破坏。besubvertedby意为“被……破坏”。becomethepreyof与besubvertedby意义接近，意为“成为……的牺牲品”。所以选择becomethepreyof。9.Thefamilyhadleftinahurry,leavingeverythingatsixesandsevens.【答案】ingreatdisorder查看答案【解析】句意：这家人匆匆离去，把一切都弄得乱七八糟。atsixesandsevens意为“乱七八糟”。ingreatdisorder与atsixesandsevens意义接近，表示“乌七八糟；七零八落”。所以选择ingreatdisorder。10.Itisdisturbingtothinkthatadangeroustigerisstillatlargeinthequietcountryside.【答案】wanderingaboutfreely查看答案【解析】句意：想到在宁静的乡村里有一只危险的老虎还逍遥法外，真令人不安。atlarge意为“未被捕的；逍遥法外的”。wanderingaboutfreely与atlarge意义接近，表示“自由地闲逛”。所以选择wanderingaboutfreely。Ⅳ.Finisheachofthefollowingsentencesinsuchawaythatitmeansthesameasthesentenceaboveit.(20%)1.Onlyafterdoingdullrepetitiveworkonthewaterfrontcouldhecomposesentenceinthebackofhismind.Itwas____________________________________________________________.【答案】Itwasafterdoingdullrepetitiveworkonthewaterfrontthathecouldcomposesentenceinthebackofhismind.查看答案【解析】本题考查强调句式Itis/was+被强调部分+who/that...。注意原句使用了部分倒装，转换句子时要把倒装的部分放回原位。2.Hepersuadedmetobelievethatbothchildrenandmaturepeoplethriveondullroutine.Heconvinced____________________________________________________________.【答案】Heconvincedmeofbelievingbothchildrenandmaturepeoplethriveondullroutine.查看答案【解析】convince用作及物动词，主要意思是“使信服，使确信”，指通过讲道理、摆事实使人在理性上对问题具有认识或表示信服，后面可跟从句，of引起的短语，人称代词和名词。3.Tomwasunabletodoanythinkingandcomposingonthecompany’stimethisfrequentlymadehimdepressed.Hisfrequent____________________________________________________________.【答案】Hisfrequentdepressionwascausedbyfailingtodoanythinkingandcomposingonthecompany’stime.查看答案【解析】本题将主语转换成了“他经常感到抑郁的原因”，将形容词depressed转换成名词depression。4.Wehadjustfinishedexpressingouropinionsaboutbeautywhenhestooduptosaytheopposite.Nosooner____________________________________________________________.【答案】Nosoonerhadwefinishedexpressingouropinionsaboutbeautythanhestooduptosaytheopposite.查看答案【解析】本题考察nosooner...than...句式，意为“一……就……”，使用部分倒装，将助动词had提前。5.AbigfiredestroyedmanyoftheoldbuildingsinancientAthens.Thedestruction____________________________________________________________.【答案】ThedestructioncausedbyabigfireinvolvedmanyoftheoldbuildingsinancientAthens.查看答案【解析】本题将主语转换成了“古雅典建筑的毁灭”，将原因大火做状语即可，使用被动式。6.Theyrefusedtopromisesomeofthecapable,thoughtfulwomenonthepretextoftheshortageoffunds.Theexcuse____________________________________________________________.【答案】Theexcusetheymadeforrefusingtopromisesomeofthecapable,thoughtfulwomenwastheshortageoffunds.查看答案【解析】onthepretextof意为“以……为借口”，theexcuse意为“借口”，即将“借口”转变为了主语，可以使用省略that的定语从句。7.AstheConfederatesoldiersfoughtlonger,theybecameincreasinglytired,underfedandpoorlyclothed.Thelonger____________________________________________________________.【答案】ThelongertheConfederatesoldiersfought,themoretired,underfedandpoorlytheybecame.查看答案【解析】本题考查themore...themore...句式，意为“越是……就越是……”，more后面接形容词。8.Manyhadalreadyhandledinthepaperwhensherememberedshehadtotellthedifferencebetweenaproverbandaparable.Itwasnot____________________________________________________________.【答案】Itwasnotuntilmanyhadalreadyhandledinthepaperthatsherememberedshehadtotellthedifferencebetweenaproverbandaparable.查看答案【解析】本题考查itwasnotuntil...that...句式，也可以使用itwasnotuntil...did...句式，均表示“直到……才……”。后者需要使用倒装，将助动词提前。9.WheneverIgotothebankwithitsuniquearchitecture,itisalwaysfullofpeople.Ihavenever____________________________________________________________.【答案】Ihaveneverbeenalonetogotothebankwithitsuniquearchitecture.查看答案【解析】由于句子表示每次去银行都是挤满了人，所以可以转换成“我从没有独自去过银行”（因为总是有人）。10.EventhoughItriedtounderstandtheimpliedmeaningtheauthormeanttoconvey.Icouldn’tmakeheadortailofit.Despite____________________________________________________________.【答案】Despitetryingtounderstandtheimpliedmeaningtheauthormeanttoconvey,Icouldn’tmakeheadortailofit.查看答案【解析】eventhough属于连词，后面接完整的句子。despite属于介词，后面接动词ing形式。Ⅴ.Fillineachblankwithanappropriatewordwiththelettergivenbelow.(10%)Inrecentyears,euthanasiahasagainsparkedaworldwidedebateoverthemoralandlegalimplicationsoftheact.Ontheonehand,euthanasiafreesfatalpatientsfrom(1)u_____physicalpainsandthefamiliesoffatalpatientsfromheavy(2)f_____burdens.Ontheotherhand,thedoctorwho(3)p_____euthanasiaonpatientswithfatalillnesswithnohopeofrecoveryare(4)o_____condemnedbymanypeopleand(5)a_____oftheso-called“assistedmurder”.Thepointofthe(6)i_____iswhetherthesocietyshould(7)i_____itsvaluesuponthepatients.Wemayaskwhat(8)e_____wouldbemoraldifferencebe(9)b_____seeingapatientdieinpain(10)a_____endinghisorherlifein(11)p_____.Isitmorallyjustifiedto(12)d_____lengthenthetimeofthepatient’s(13)s_____,thesufferingthat(14)s_____noend?Thereisnoreasontothinkthateuthanasiaconflictsfundamentallywiththe(15)e_____valuesintermsofsocial(16)n_____.Afterall,theworldischangingandwhathasexistedisnot(17)a_____justifiable.Inanycase,itis(18)p_____tomakelawsthatwillprovideanopportunityforthepracticeof(19)t_____euthanasiaaccordingtothepatient’sownwish(20)w_____preventingrealmurder.【答案与解析】1.unbearable（根据文章内容，“安乐死”是为了帮助身患绝症的人摆脱病痛的，而这种病痛通常都是到了“难以忍受的程度”，所以才想要解脱。由提示u可推测为unbearable。）2.financial（由逻辑推测，得绝症的病人通常都会花大量的费用维续生命，通常会给家庭带来经济负担，故填financial。）3.practiced（根据文意，此处句子指给病人“实施”安乐死的医生，由提示字母p可知是动词practice，填过去式表示过去“实施过”这样的手术的医生。）4.often（根据逻辑推测，给绝症病人实施安乐死“通常”都会受到外界职责。故填often。）5.accused（beaccusedof属于固定搭配，意为“被指控为”，根据上下文，这里指医生被指控为协助谋杀。）6.issue（本篇文章都是在讨论“安乐死”这一问题，根据提示字母i可知此处填issue。）7.impose（imposeupon属于固定搭配，表示“强加于”，即此处表示将这一价值观强加给病人，填impose符合文章逻辑。）8.exactly（whatexactlywouldbe意为“到底是什么”，根据文章内容，即意为道德上有何区别。）9.between（此处缺少介词between表示“目睹患者痛苦地死去”和“安乐中结束他们的生命”之间道德上的区别。）10.and（此处缺少连接词and，将相比较的两个成分连接。）11.peace（inpeace意为“在安乐中”，符合上下文对于“安乐死”的讨论，即表示让病人安详地死去。）12.deliberately（根据上下文，与安乐死相对的，就是有意去延长绝症病人痛苦的生命。故