2023年高等教育教育类自考-00830现代语言学考试历年真摘选题含答案

2023年高等教育教育类自考-00830现代语言学考试历年真摘选题含答案（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.参考题库(共100题)1.Languagereflectssexisminsociety.Languageitselfisnotsexist，justasitisnotobscene;butitcanconnotesexistattitudesaswellasattitudesaboutsocialtaboosorracism.2.Itisthe（）onCaseassignmentthatstatesthataCaseassignorandaCaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.A、CaseConditionB、parameterC、AdjacentConditionD、AdjacentParameter3.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze（）meaning.A、phonemeB、wordC、phraseD、sentence4.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense.5.Theword“modernizers”iscomposedof（）morphemes.A、3B、4C、5D、66.Language7.Whatarethesenserelationsbetweensentences?8.Thepartofasentencewhichcompriesecomprisesaninfiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalledpredicate.9.Componentialanalysisisbasedonthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcannotbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeature.10.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture.”，and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.11.blending12.（）referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.A、LinguistictabooB、EuphemismC、AddresstermD、Slang13.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition，unlikeentailment，isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue.14.（）languagebelongstotheSino-TibetanFamily.A、EnglishB、SpanishC、IndianD、Chinese15.OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolatedandthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolated,doconversationalimplicaturesarise.16.Hyponymsofthesame（）areco-hyponyms.A、wordB、lexicalitemC、superordinateD、hyponym17.GivethedescriptionofthefollowingsoundsegmentsinEnglish. [k];[z];[w];[u:];[i]18.Whcihofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition（）.A、LanguageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformatioB、Languageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeingsC、ChildrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguageD、Humansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse19.Thetermdialect,asatechnicalterminlinguistics,carriesvaluejudgementandnotsimplyreferstoadistinctformoflanguage.20.Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenlangueandparole?21.Therelationshipbetweentheembeddedclauseanditsmatrixclauseisoneofaparttothewhole.22.Thesentencestructureis（）.A、onlylinearB、onlyhierarchicalC、complexD、bothlinearandhierarchical23.Lyingundertheskull,thehumanbraincontainsanaverageofthetenbillionnervecellscalled（）.A、neuronsB、nervesystemC、nervesD、cerebralcortex24.Phonologicalrulesmaymovephonemesfromoneplaceinthestringtoanother.Forexample，ModernEnglishverbaskwasOldEnglishaskian，withthe/k/precedingthe/s/.Soundchangeasaresultofsoundmovementisknownasm（）.25.Ofthethreebranchesofphonetics,thelongestestablished,anduntilrecentlythemosthighlydeveloped,is（）phonetics.A、auditoryB、acousticC、articulatoryD、noneoftheabovethree26.sociolect27.subvocalspeech28.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisavoicelessbilabialstop?（）A、[p]B、[b]C、[m]D、[t]29.phonicmediumoflanguage30.ThesentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshownina（）formula“S→NPVP”.A、hierarchicalB、linearC、treediagramD、vertical31.WhydowesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureinanalyzingtheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelementsSupportyourstatementwithexamples?32.SomeSouthernlearnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay“night”as“light”.Thisshows:（）.A、Theycannotpronounce/n/B、Interlangueinterferencebecausethereisnotthesound/n/intheirmothertongueC、TheteachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethodD、Theydonotliketopronouncenasalsounds33.registers34.Consonantsoundscanbeeither（）or（）,whileallvowelsoundsare（）.35.Thatthedenialofonememberoftwowordsimpliestheassertionoftheotheristhecharacteristicofc（）antonyms.36.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis（）.A、arbitraryB、non-arbitraryC、logicalD、non-productive37.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled（）word.A、apolysemousB、asynonymousC、anabnormalD、amultiple38.Thebrain’sneurologicalspecializationforlanguageiscalledlinguisticI（），whichisspecifictohumanbeings.39.Anillocutionaryact40.locutionaryact41.contrastiveanalysis42.Whattheelement‘-es’indicatesisthirdpersonsingular,presenttense,theelement‘-ed’pasttense,and‘-ing’progressiveaspect.Sincetheyarethesmallestunitoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealso（）.A、phonemesB、morphemesC、allophonesD、phones43.InEnglish,“pill”and“bill”are（）.A、aphonemiccontrastB、complementarydistributionC、assimilationD、aminimalpair44.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedas（）.A、+animate，+male，+human，+adultB、+animate，+male，+human，-adultC、+animate，-male，+human，-adultD、+animate，-male，+human，+adult45.Asentenceisa（）concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation.A、pragmaticB、grammaticalC、mentalD、conceptual46.Oncethenotionof（）wastakenintoconsideration,semanticsspilledintopragmatics.A、meaningB、contextC、formD、content47.Drawalabeledconstituentstructuretreediagramforeachofthefollowingsentences: 1)Thestudentlikesthenewlinguisticsprofessor. 2)JohnsuggestedMarytakethelinguisticsclass.48.Accordingtothewaysantonymsdiffer,howmanygroupscanweclassifyantonymsinto?49.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageis（）.A、rootB、affixC、stemD、morpheme50.ethnicdialect51.InEnglish，longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i：/，thelarynxisinastateoftension.52.Accent53.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof5morphemes.54.ThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar（）.A、JacobGrimmB、RasmusRaskC、FranzBoppD、SirWilliamJones55.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageisallomorph.56.“Itisraininghard”isaone-placepredicationsentence.57.inflectionalmorphemesn58.（）actistheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething.A、AlocutionaryB、AnillocutionaryC、AperlocutionaryD、Aspeech59.namingtheoryandconceptualistview60.Inflectionalaffixes61.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.62.Languageisarbitraryinthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsand（）.A、wordsB、soundsC、objectsD、ideas63.Whatisidiolect?64.Thecompoundword"bookstore"istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.65.Linguistics66.Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations，only（）ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.A、kiblB、bkilC、ilkbD、ilbk67.Theterm（）linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A、synchronicB、diachronicC、comparativeD、historicalcomparative68.Whenchildrenlearntodistinguishbetweenthesoundsoftheirlanguageandthesoundsthatarenotpartofthelanguage，theycanacquireanysoundsintheirnativelanguageoncetheirparentsteachthem.69.（）morphemesarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.A、FreeB、BoundC、RootD、Affix70.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedas（）.A、+animate，+male，+human，-adultB、+animate，+male，+human，+adultC、+animate，-male，+human，-adultD、+animate，-male，+human，+adult71.Insociolinguisticstudies,speakersaretreatedasmembersof（）.72.Thesentence“Thebabysmiled.”isa（）.A、two-placepredicationB、three-placepredicationC、no-placepredicationD、one-placepredication73.“JohnkilledBillbutBilldidn’tdie”isa(n)（）.A、entailmentB、presuppositionC、anomalyD、tolanguage75.Inmanysocietiesoftheworld，wefindalargenumberofpeoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage.Asacharacteristicofsocieties，b（）inevitablyresultsfromthecomingintocontactofpeoplewithdifferentculturesanddifferentlanguages.76.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are（）.A、gradableantonymsB、converseantonymsC、co-hyponymsD、synonyms77.voicing78.（）producefastandfluentspeechwithgoodintonationandpronunciationbutthecontentoftheirspeechrangesfrommildlyinappropriatetocompletenonsense,oftenasunintelligible.A、Broca’saphasicB、ThelinguisticdeprivationC、ThedamageontheangulargyrusD、Wernicke’saphasic79.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,（）referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.A、paroleB、performanceC、langueD、language80.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.81.Clear[1]anddark[ƚ]areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/1/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations，thustheyaresaidtobeinc（）distribution.82.Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.83.Tomanypeople,alinguististhesameasa（）,onewhocanspeakseverallanguagesfluently.84.Ar（）isoftenseenaspartofaword，butitcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear，definitemeaning.85.（）dealswiththewayinwhichalanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.A、LinguisticgeographyB、LexicologyC、LexicographyD、Sociolinguistics86.Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]sharethefeatureof（）.A、palatalB、alveolarC、bilabialD、dental87.ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare’splay“RomeoandJuliet”:“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”wellillustrates（）.A、theconventionalnatureoflanguageB、thecreativenatureoflanguageC、theuniversalityoflanguageD、thebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunication88.Pragmatics89.WhatistheSapir-Whorfhypothesis?90.generallinguistics91.Paraphraseeachofthefollowingsentencesintwodifferentwaystoshowthesyntacticrulesaccountfortheambiguityofsentences. (1)Theshootingofthehuntersmightbeterrible. (2)Hesawyoungmenandwomenpresent. (3)Theyweresurprisedatthepresident'sappointment92.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.93.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas（）.A、unusualB、somethingtobefearedC、abnormalD、natural94.Speechcommunity95.Decidethemeaningofthefollowingaffixesandgiveeachaffixtwoexamples. re-;un-;anti-;super-;-wise;-itis;-ize;-age96.Ageneraldifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonologyisthatphoneticsisfocusedontheproductionofspeechsoundswhilephonologyismoreconcernedwithhowspeechsoundsdistinguishmeaning.97.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes.98.AccordingtoSearle，thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled（）.A、commisivesB、directivesC、expressivesD、declaratives99.Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberof（）toformacompletestatement,（）orcommand.100.Whatisthedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance?第1卷参考答案一.参考题库1.正确答案:正确2.正确答案:C3.正确答案:D4.正确答案:错误5.正确答案:B6.正确答案:Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.7.正确答案: Senserelationsbetweensentences: 1)XissynonymouswithY. 2)XisinconsistentwithY. 3)XentailsY.(YisanentailmentofX.) 4)XpresupposesY.(YisaprerequisiteofX) 5)Xisacontradiction. 6)Xissemanticallyanomalous.8.正确答案:错误9.正确答案:错误10.正确答案:正确11.正确答案:Aprocessofforminganewwordbycombiningpartsofotherwords.12.正确答案:A13.正确答案:正确14.正确答案:D15.正确答案:正确16.正确答案:C17.正确答案: [k]：voiceless，stop，velar [z]：voiced，alveolar，fricative [w]：bilabial，approximant [u：]：back，lax，rounded，high [i]：front，tense，unrounded，high18.正确答案:A19.正确答案:错误20.正确答案:Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andparolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Langueisthesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetofollowwhileparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules.Langueisabstract;itisnotthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,butparoleisconcrete;itreferstothenaturallyoccurringlanguageevents.Langueisrelativelystable.itdoesnotchangefrequently;whileparolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.21.正确答案:正确22.正确答案:D23.正确答案:A24.正确答案:metathesis25.正确答案:C26.正确答案:Avarietyoflanguagesusedbyasocialclass.27.正确答案:Thoughtwhenitisclosetolanguage.28.正确答案:A29.正确答案:Thelimitedrangeofsoundsthatareusedinhumanlanguagecommunication，i.e.thespeechsounds.Voicingisaphoneticfeatureofsomesounds.Itiscausedbythevibrationofthevocalcords.30.正确答案:B31.正确答案: Inadditiontorevealingalinearorder,aconstituentstructuretreehasahierarchicalstructurethatgroupswordsintostructuralconstituentsandshowsthesyntacticcategoryofeachstructuralconstituent,andconsequentlyisbelievedtomosttruthfullyillustratetheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelements. Forexample.thephrase“theoldmenandwomen”mayhavetwointerpretationsi.e.theadjective“old”maymodifythenoun“men”orthefollowingtwonouns“menandwomen”.Linearorderanalysiscannottellthisdifference.soitisambiguous.Whereas,theconstituentortreediagramsanalysiscanmakethisdifferenceclear.So.wesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureanalysis.(NPNPNPNPNPNPTheoldmenandthewomentheoldmenandtheoldwomen.32.正确答案:B33.正确答案:Registersarelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations，incontrasttolanguagevarietiesthatareassociatedwiththesocialorregionalgroupingoftheircustomaryusers.Forthisreason，registersarealsoknownassituationaldialects.34.正确答案:voiceless；voiced；voiced35.正确答案:complementary36.正确答案:A37.正确答案:A38.正确答案:lateralization39.正确答案:Anillocutionaryactistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention;itistheactperformingissayingsomething.40.正确答案:Locutionaryactreferstotheactofutteringwords，phrases，andclauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax，lexiconandphonology.Forexample，bysaying“Youhaveleftthedoorwideopen”，thelocutionaryactperformedbythespeakeristhathehasutteredallthewordsandexpressedwhatthewordsliterallymean.41.正确答案:Acomparativeproceduretoestablishlinguisticdifferencesbetweenlanguagesforteachingpurposes.42.正确答案:B43.正确答案:D44.正确答案:A45.正确答案:B46.正确答案:B47.正确答案: 1)Thestudentlikesthenewlinguisticsprofessor. 2)Johnsuggested(that)Marytakethelinguisticsclass.48.正确答案:Gradableantonymy;Complementaryantonymy;Converseantonymy.49.正确答案:D50.正确答案:Anethnicdialectisasocialdialectofalanguage，oftencuttingacrossregionaldifferences.Itisspokenmainlybyalessprivilegedpopulationthathasexperiencedsomeformofsocialisolation，suchasracialdiscriminationorsegregation.51.正确答案:正确52.正确答案:Accentreferstoawayofpronunciationwhichtellsthelistenersomethingaboutthespeaker’sregionalorsocialbackground.53.正确答案:错误54.正确答案:D55.正确答案:错误56.正确答案:错误57.正确答案: Inflectionalmorphemesaremorphemesthatareusedtoindicatethegrammatrcalrelationsandcategories，suchas-ed，-(e)s，-estinEnglish.58.正确答案:C59.正确答案:Thewordsofalanguagearelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor;alinguisticformislinkedthroughconceptstowhatitrefersto.60.正确答案:Inflectionalaffixesorinflectionalmorphemesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchasnumber,tense,degree,andcase.61.正确答案:错误62.正确答案:B63.正确答案: Whenanindividualspeaks,whatisactuallyproducedisauniquelanguagesystemofthespeaker,expressedwithintheoverallsystemofaparticularlanguage.Suchapersonaldialectisreferredtoasidiolect.64.正确答案:错误65.正确答案:Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.66.正确答案:A67.正确答案:B68.正确答案:错误69.正确答案:B70.正确答案:B71.正确答案:socialgroups72.正确答案:D73.正确答案:D74.正确答案:Aprotolanguageistheoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.Theprotoformcanbereconstructedbyidentifyingandcomparingsimilarlinguisticformswithsimilarmeaningsacrossrelatedlanguages.75.正确答案:bilingualism76.正确答案:B77.正确答案: Voicingisaphoneticfeatureofsomesounds.Itiscausedbythevibrationofthevocalcords.78.正确答案:D79.正确答案:C80.正确答案:错误81.正确答案:complementary82.正确答案:错误83.正确答案:p