新视野大学英语第一册unit1讲义

Unit1SectionALearningaForeignLanguagePart1Pre-readingActivitiesIntroducethethemeof“learningaforeignlanguage”byshowingSsthetitleofthetext.Askstudentsfollowingquestionsaboutwaysoflearningaforeignlanguage(showthemonthescreen).Howdoyouusuallylearnaforeignlanguage?ClassLearningOnlineLearningSelflearningDoyouknowwhatisonlinelearning?Reference:AformofdistanceeducationLearningthroughanetworkedcomputerOnlinelearningoftentakesplaceontheInternet.Inanonlinelesson,studentsworkwithacomputerprogramtoselectthematerialstheyshouldbelearning.OpenclassinNetEase.Basedonpeopletocomputercommunication(learningsoftwareorwebbrowsers)/peopletopeoplecommunicationthroughinternet(chatonline)Thematerialspresented:text,graphics,animatedgraphics,audio,video,acombinationoftheseorothermultimediaplayerssuchasWindowsMediaPlayerHaveyoueverhadanonlinelearningexperience?Part2Newwordsandexpressions1・reward：vt.①givearewardtoorfor奖赏；回报Ourpatiencewasfinallyrewarded.我们的耐心最终得到了回报。Herewardedushandsomely(=withalotofmoney).对于我们的帮助，他大加酬谢。n.[C,U]©somethingasareturnforgoodandvaluabledoings.奖赏，回扌艮Thebankdevelopedanewsystemof~stoencouragetheclerkstoworkharder.银行推行新的奖励制度鼓励员工更加努力工作。②Moneyofferedorgivenforsomespecialservice,suchasthereturnofalostarticleorthecaptureofacriminal报酬，酬金A$100rewardhasbeenofferedforthereturnofthenecklace.已经悬赏100美元找寻项链。A$25,000rewardisbeingofferedforinformationleadingtothearrestoftherobbers.rewarding:offeringorlikelytooffersatisfactionorgratification值得的shefoundtheexperienceveryrewarding.她返现这个经理使他受益匪浅。Awardn.1.[C]Aprizesuchasmoney,etc.forsththatsbhasdone奖，奖品，奖金，奖状：towin/receive/getanawardforsth因某事赢得/得到/获得奖项Hewasnominatedforthebestactoraward.他获得最佳男演员奖提名。[U]theofficialdecisiontogivesth(suchasaDIPLOMA)tosb(毕业证书等的)授予：HewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforliterature.他被授予最佳诺贝尔文学奖。【词义辨析1】award,reward这三个词都可以作名词。award意为“奖、奖品”,为可数名词，指对某些突出的成就给与的奖励，其奖品可以是钱或物。reward意为“酬劳，奖赏”，可作为可数名词或不可数名词，通常指对工作、服务的酬劳，帮人尊回失物或捉拿罪犯等功劳的奖赏。prize意为“奖金，奖品，奖赏”，其意义几乎与award相同，但语气不如award不正式。Theawardforthisyear'sbestactresswenttoher.她是今年的最佳女演员得主。Wehavegained/got/obtainedthefirstprize.我们已经获得了一等奖。Hehasreceivednorewardforhisservice.他没有因为服务而获得报酬。词义辨析2】award,reward这两个词都可作为动词。award作为动词时，意为“授予，给予;判给”，通常指官方或法院根据有关规定把钱财奖给或判给某人。后面可跟双宾语。reward作为动词时.意为“为(某事)酬劳(某人)”，其后一般以人或人的行为作宾语。reward后跟with用来说明以何物作为报酬。Theuniversityawardedhimanhonorarydegree.这所大学授予他名誉学位。Thecourtawardedhimdamagesof$5,000.法院判给他损害赔偿金5000美金。HowcanIrewardyourkindness?我如何酬谢你的好意呢？frustrate：vt.①preventfromaccomplishingapurposeorfulfillingadesire阻碍，挫败使挫折②causefeelingsofdiscouragementorbafflementin使沮丧，使灰心；Apoormemoryfrustratedhereffortstobecomeanactress.糟糕的记忆力阻碍了她成为女演Theweatherfrustratedourplans.天气破坏了我们的计划。Itisfrustratingwhenyoureinahurryandthetrafficisn'tmoving.3・Thegirlwas ashopassistant;sheisnowamanagerinalargedepartmentstoreApreliminarilyB.FormallyCpreviouslyDformerlyGiventhechoicebetweenapieceofchocolateandabook,mostwillchoosetheformer.Theformerpresidentmadeaspeechattheconference.unlike:adj.①notalike;different不相象的；不同的prep.differentfrom;notlike区别于；不象She'sunliketherestofherfamily.她不同于她家里的其他成员。Fortwins,theyareveryunlike.作为一对双胞胎，他们很不一样。【近义词】alike:adj•.同样的，相似的；类似的adv.—样地like:prep•相似，类似：具有…的特点；相象；相似5・opportunity:n.(-ties)afavorableorsuitableoccasionortime机会；时机【词义辨析】opportunity,occasion,chance,break这组词的一般含义是“时机”或“机会”。不管在口语中或者在文学作品中，这几个都是常用的词。opportunity表示某时机符合自己想干某事的意愿、目的、雄心甚至野心。“伺机而动”waitforanopportunitytotakeaction;Opportunityknocks(atthedoor)butonce.机不可失，失不再来。occasion含有opportunity所能表达的这样一层意思：某时机能激发或唤起某人的某种行为。chance常意味着因为运气或偶然而出现的机遇:Don'tthrowthischanceaway;itwon'tcomearoundagain.不要让这个机会溜走；否则它是不会再来的。break作为“时机”解时，一般要求修饰语，如：agoodbreak,abadbreak,即“走运”或“坏运气”。【考点】复数通常用media。6・access:ntherighttohaveorusesth享用权IfyoudonothaveaccesstotheInternet,wewillsendsomeonetohelpyou.ameansofenteringaplace通道，入口Thesoldiersguardedtheonlyaccesstothebuilding士兵把守着通向那栋楼的唯一通道。Theonlyaccesstothatancientcastleisalongamuddytrack..到那座古老城堡去的唯一通道是一条泥泞小路。【用法】has/gain/get/obtain〜to有权做某事Before1949,manypeoplegetnoaccesstoeducationinChina.1949年以前，在中国很多人没有受教育的机会。virtual:adj.①existingorresultinginessenceoreffectthoughnotinactualfact,form,orname实质上的，实际上的②虚拟的virtually:adv.infactortoallpurposes;practically实际上；事实上Sheisthevirtualpresident,thoughthertitleissecretary.虽然她的头衔是秘书，她是实际上的董事长。Mybook'svirtuallyfinished.我的书实际上已写完了。commitment:n.apromisetodosth..承诺〜tosth.献身某事/承诺某事fulfill/carryout〜履行诺言 backaway〜背弃诺言Theorganizationhasmadea〜toplant5,000trees.acommitmenttopay$50000toRedCross承诺向红十字会提供50000美元thehardworkandloyaltythatsomeonegivestoanorganization,activitiesdevotion投入，致力，献身Onlinelearningdemandyour〜.Her〜toherjobisbeyonddoubt.她的敬业精神不容置疑。Theteamshowedgreat〜.这只队伍表现出强烈的奉献精神。obligation,responsibility承担义务，责任I'vetakenontoomany〜s.我承担的义务太多了。Hedoesn'twanttogetmarriedbecauseheisafraidofanycommitments.他不想结婚,因为他害怕承担任何责任。9・embarrass:v.t.©causetofeelself-consciousorillatease;disconcert使尴尬，使难堪embarrassing:adj.令人为难的embarrassment:n.困窘，阻碍Theothersembarrassedherwhentheylaughedhermistake.人们嘲笑她的错误让她很尴尬。Itwas~thatIcannotrememberyourname.好尴尬，我记不起你的名字了。Thedoctoraskedmealotof~questions.医生问了我许多令人尴尬的问题。10・continually:adj.recurringregularlyorfrequently不停的；连续的continually:adv.连续不断地Hehatesthesecontinualarguments.他讨厌这种无休止的争论。【词义辨析】continual,continuous,constant,successive,frequent,usual这些形容词都表示不停的，不间断的”。Continual一般指多次重复的动作pleasestopyourcontinualquestions.请不要接二连三的提问。Continuous则强调动作或物体不间断的惊醒下去。Theychatteredcontinuouslyforanhour.他们唠叨了足有一个小时。Acontinuousflowoftraffic接连不断的来往车辆。constant意为“连续的”，着重强调不变、稳定和持久的特点。successive意为“连续的”，表示相互关联的事物或事情一个接一个的发生，强调按一定的次序进行。11・insight:n.[C,U]（常与into连用）Anaccurateordeepunderstandingofsomething洞悉;深刻的了解Studyingsciencegavemegreatinsightsintonaturallaw.学习科学只是使我对自然规律有了深刻的了解。Wehelptroubledteenagersgainsomeinsightintotheirownproblem.我们帮助问题青少年认识他们的问题insightful:adj.showingorhavinginsight;perceptive有洞察力的；有悟性的Expressions1・attimes:E.g.Itwasdifficultattimes.有时挺难的。beworthsth./doingsth.:具有什么的价值Ourhouseisworthabout$350,000.Eachquestionisworth4points.每个问题有4分。Thefilmisdefinitelyworthseeing.这电影绝对值得一看。farfrom:farfrom+a./n./v-ing:很不；决非；非但 反而Myparentsarefarfromsatisfiedwithmyacademicperformance.(not・・・atall)父母对我的学业很不满意。Farfromturningdownthestereo,heturneditup.(ratherthan)他非但不将音响的音量关小，反而调高了音量。Farfrom(beingangry),heisveryhappy.她一点也不生气，反而很高兴。keepupwith:satisfy/meet/keepstepwith赶上，不落后Itisimportantto〜thechangeofthesociety.跟上时代的变化非常重要。Alotofyoungwomenliketokeepupwiththelatestfashions.许多年轻女性爱赶时髦。Ihavetroublekeepingupwiththerestoftheclass.跟上全班的学习我有点困难。比较：catchupwith:追上，赶上，与…并驾齐驱tocatchupwiththeschoolbus赶上校车5・feellikesth・/doingsth:Ifeellikehavingarest.可以不打牌了吗？我想休息一会儿。Letitgo,hethought.Hedidn'tfeellikearguing.顺其自然吧，他想。他不想争辩。6・giveupsth/doingsth:stopdoingsth.giveupthehope放弃希望giveupsmoking戒烟Thoughfacedwithmanydifficulties,hewouldnotgiveuponlinelearning.虽然面临很多困难，她还是不会放弃网上学习。7.thinkout:consideralltheaspectsofsth.beforedoingit.仔细考虑，推敲E.g.Wemustthinkeverythingoutcarefully.我们必须把一切都想清楚。8・comeacross:E.g.Haveyoucomeacrossthisproblem?你遇至U过这个问题吗？He〜anoldfriendonthestreetoneday.9.trade^for/with:exchangefor歌迷用五张光盘换到一张演唱会的入场券。ThefantradedfiveCDsforaconcertticket.ThefantradedaconcertticketwithfiveCDs.Iwouldtrademydictionaryforyourbook.10・nowthat:becauseofsth.orasaresultofsth.Yououghttohaveagoodrestnowthatyou'vefinishedyourwork.既然已完成了工作，你就应该好好休息一下。NowthatJohnhasarrived,wecanbeginourmeeting.11・reachoutto:communicatewith;contactWiththeintroductionoftheInternet,wecanreachouttoourfriendsbyemail.由于互联网的使用，我们可以通过店子邮件与朋友联系。ReachforHereachedforthephoneanddialedthenumber12・InsteadofHewanttostayathomeinsteadofgoingoutshoppingwithfriends.Step3・While-readingActivitiesFastReading:AskSstoreadthepassageasquicklyastheycan.Askthemtounderlinethetopicsentenceineachparagraphorsummarizeitbysimpleword.Para.1:Learningaforeignlanguagewasoneofthemostdifficultyetmostrewardingexperiencesofmylife.Para.2:Myexperiencewithlearningaforeignlanguageinjuniorschoolwasveryhappy.Para.3:Myexperienceinseniorschoolwasfrustratingandunhappy.Para.4:Thesituationchangedincollege,butitwasfarfromperfect.Para.5:IwasofferedanopportunitytostudyEnglishthroughanonlinecourse.Para.6:Onlinelearningisnoteasierthanregularclassroomstudy.Para.7:Ipracticedallthetime.Para.8:Learningaforeignlanguagehasbeenamosttryingexperienceforme,butonethatIwouldn'ttradeforanything.Step4TextstructureIntroduction(Para.1)Learningaforeignlanguagewasoneofthemostdifficultyetmostrewardingexperiencesofmylife.Theauthor's4stagesoflanguagelearningexperiences(Paras.2-7)Theparagraphsarearrangedintimesequence:languagelearningexperiencefromJuniormiddleschoolSeniormiddleschoolCollegeOnlinelearningConclusion(Para.8)Learningaforeignlanguagehasbeenamosttryingexperienceforme,butonethatIwouldn'ttradeforanything.Mainidea:Learningaforeignlanguagewasoneofthemostdifficultyetmostrewardingexperiencesofmylife.Devicesfordevelopingit:1.DeductionOrganizationfromgeneraltospecific(演绎法)Generalstatement(Topic):Learningaforeignlanguagewasoneofthemostdifficultyetmostrewardingexperiencesofmylife.Specificstatements:Myexperienceinjuniormiddleschool(Para.2):akindandpatientteacherwhopraisedallofthestudents…positivemethod...eagerlyansweredquestions,atthetopofmyclassMyexperienceinseniormiddleschool(Para.3):an(impatient)teacher...punishedthosewhomademistakes...shakingitupanddown...shouted...losemyeagerness/desiretosayanythinginEnglishMyexperienceatcollege(Para.4):farfromperfect...verylargeclassandbetterstudents.feelintimidated.afraidtospeak.atthesamelevelforeverMyexperiencewiththeonlinecourse(Para.5-7):requirecommitmentanddiscipline.virtualclassroom.practiceallthetime.crywithfrustration.feellikegivingup.reapedthebenefitsofhardworkConclusion(Para.8):amosttryingexperience,butonethatIwouldnottradeforanything.teachmethevalueofhardwork.givemeinsightsintoanotherculture.mymind.openedtonewwaysofseeingthings.themostwonderfulresultofhavinglearnedaforeignlanguage.communicatewithmanymorepeoplethanbefore.oneofmyfavoriteactivities.bridgethegapbetweenmycultureandtheirsStep5.detailedreadingStep6.Usefulexpression.有意义的经历arewardingexperience.值得去努力itiswellworththeeffort.在班里名列前茅tobeatthetopoftheclass渴望做某事beeagertodosth.对什么有耐心bepatientwith失去说英语的欲望losemydesire/eagernesstosayanythinginEnglish远不尽人意、不完美befarfromperfect永远停滞不前tostayatthesamelevelforever接触到必要的设备togetaccesstothenecessaryequipment参加虚拟课堂participateinthevirtualclassroom.跟上课程进度tokeepupwiththeflowofthecourse满足课程最低要求tomeettheminimumstandardssetbythecourse按时完成作业completeassignmentsontime.随身携带什么carrysth.withsb.犯了很多令人尴尬的错误makeembarrassingmistakes因沮丧而哭泣tocryoutoffrustration想要放弃feellikegivingup想出主意thinkoutideas获得努力学习的益处toreapthebenefitsofhardwork使我认识了另一种文化togivemeinsightsintoanotherculture弥合不同文化之间的鸿沟tobridgethegapbetweendifferentculturesStep7sentencepatternTypicalpatternsforcauseandeffect原句1):Becauseofthispositivemethod,IeagerlyansweredallthequestionsIcould,neverworryingmuchaboutmakingmistakes.(L.6)句型提炼Becauseof…,sbadv.doessth/is+adj.todosth,neverworrying/caringmuchabout…由于 ，某人很 做某事，从不怎么担心….由于他对网上冲浪的兴趣过浓，他很有可能一门心思上网，而不会关心自己的功课。Becauseofhisundueinterestinonlinesurfing,heislikelytoputallhismindonthisbusiness,nevercaringabouthisschoolwork.原句2):NowthatIspeakaforeignlanguage,insteadofstaringintospacewhenEnglishisbeingspoken,Icanparticipateandmakefriends(L.50)句型提炼Nowthatsb.does/hasdonesth.,insteadof•…，he/shecan/shoulddosth,else.由于/既然某人做某事，而不再 ,他/她就能做另一事。应用：a.既然我们上远程英语课，而不再因在普通课堂上出错感到难堪，那我们就能从网上学习中有所收获。Nowthatwehavetakentheonlinecourse,insteadoffeelingembarrassedwhenmakingmistakesintheregularclass,wecanreapsomebenefitsfromit.应用：b.既然你能从心里上乐于接受新的思维方式，而不再对其视而不见，那你就有机会跟上时代的潮流。Nowthatyoucankeepyourmindopentonewwaysofthinking,insteadofturningablindeyetothem,youstandagoodchancetokeepupwiththeflowofthetimes.Typicalpatternsforcomparisonandcontrast:原句1)：Unlikemyseniormiddleschoolteacher,mycollegeEnglishteacherswerepatientandkind,andnoneofthemcarriedlong,pointedsticks!(L.16) 句型提炼Unlikesb./sth.else(that…)，sb./sth,is/does…应用:与我在高中时遇到的女孩不同，她很高傲自大，从不正眼看我一眼。UnlikethegirlsIcameacrossintheseniormiddleschool,sheisveryself-important,neverlookingmeintheeye.原句2):Learningaforeignlanguagehasbeenamosttryingexperienceforme,butonethatIwouldn'ttradeforanything.(L.44)句型提炼Doingsth.isamost+adj.experienceforsb.，butonethathe/shewouldnottrade/give/exchangeforanything.做某事对某人来说是非常……的经历，但却是一种用什么他/她都不换的经历。应用：a.追求幸福对我来说是非常艰辛的经历，但却是一种用什么我都不换的经历。Seekingafterhappinesshasbeenamostpainstakingexperience，butonethatIwouldnottradeforanything.补充：l.Wheneverweansweredincorrectly,shepointedalongstickatusand,shakingitupanddown,shouted...(Line.ll,伴随状语)Ineededtothinkoutmyideasandwroteareplybeforepostingitonthescreen.(Line.39,时间状语)现在分词作状语(补充)现在分词作状语：时间，条件，伴随方式，原因，结果现在分词作时间状语(一般式/完成式)分词动作一发生，谓语动作紧跟着发生，这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语。常用的动词，如:hear,see,arrive,return,getto,look,open,close,leave,turnaround,walk等，表示一个极短暂动作。e.g.Hearingtheirteacher'svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.(=Onhearingtheirteacher'svoice...=Assoonastheyheardtheirteacher'svoice,thepupils...)谓语动作发生在分词所表示的动作过程之中，用现在分词的一般式作时间状语。e.g.Workinginthefactory,helearnedalotfromtheworkers.(=When/whileworkinginthefactory…=Whenhewasworkinginthefactory,he...)分词所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动作才发生，则要现在分词的完成式，即havingdone的形式。e.g.HavingfinishedhishomeworktheboywasallowedtowatchTVplay.(=Afterhavingfinishedhishomework,theboy.=After/whenhehadfinishedhishomework,theboy.)现在分词作条件状语e.g.Workinghard,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,you'llsucceed.现在分词作原因状语e.g.Havinglivedwiththegirlfor5years,weallknowherverywell.=Becausewehavelivedwiththegirlfor5years,weallknowherverywell.现在分词作让步状语e.g.Weighingalmostonehundredjinthestonewasmovedbyhimalone.=Althoughthestoneweightedalmostonehundredjin,itwasmovedbyhimalone.现在分词作结果状语e.g.Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.=Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thusitcausedthedelay.现在分词作伴随方式状语e.g.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.=Thechildrenlaughedandtalkedmerrily,andtheyranoutoftheroom.-ing形式作状语，可表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件等。如：Shesatatthedeskreadinganewspaper. （伴随）HangWeiwenttoschool,takingatrain. （方式）Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime. （时间）Nothavingreceivedareply,wewroteagain. （原因）Heatingwater，wecanchangeitintovapor. （条件）注意：①-ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。②-ing形式前可有while,when,unless,though,讦等连词。SectionBKeytoSuccessfulOnlineLearningPart1readingskills-findingoutwordmeaningPart2LanguagePointsplayarole/part:haveapositionorjobin•…：E.g.peoplecometounderstandthatcomputersareplayinganincreasingimportantroleinourmunity:Communityproblems社会问题communityfacilities公共设施［构词法］:com(prefix:共同)+muni(stem:服务)+ty(suffix:性质，状态)Familymembers:communev.交流;交谈communicatev.传送;联络;通讯expand:E.g.toexpanddomesticdemand扩大内需tobecome/beawareof:tobecome/beconsciousof;tobeawaketo;sense;haveafeelingthat意识到…E.g.Mostsmokersare〜ofthedangerofthesmoking多数吸烟者都清楚吸烟的危害。Hewasnot〜thathissonhadquittedhisjob.他不知道儿子已经辞职。Itcannotbelongbeforepeoplebecomeawareofthedangerofbadlivinghabitstotheirhealth.要不了多久，人们就会意识到不良的生活习惯对其健康的危害.unique:wordingbuilding:uni-:oneuniformadj./n./v.相同的/制服/使一致unionn.联合;结合;合并;一致;工会unitn.单位;单元unitev.联合;结合;合并;兼备unityn.单一性;统一体;联合;和谐universala.—般的;通用的;宇宙的tobeopen-mindedabout:keepone'smindopentoE.g.Oneoughttobeopen-mindedaboutsuchthings.对这种事，要思想解放一些。visual:visualdefect/impression/nerve/test/navigation/education视力缺陷/视觉印象/视觉神经/视力测试/目视导航/直观教育barrier:breakdown/removeabarrier消除障碍build/erect/setup/putupabarrier设置障碍constitute/formabarrier(to)构成障碍overcomeabarrier克服障碍languagebarrierLackofself-confidenceisoneofthebiggestbarrierstoyoursuccessincareers.缺乏自信心是你在职业生涯上取得成功的最大障碍之一。hinder:E.g.Don'thinderme.别妨碍我。inaddition:besides;moreover;furthermore;likewise;also;what'smore此外，另夕卜E.g.Inaddition,supportandmaintenancearesimplified.此外，支持和维护也简化了。reflecton/upon:E.g.reflectonone'sownthoughtsandfeelings深刻地反思自己的思想和感觉critical:句型Itis/wascriticalthat…"(should)do…E.g.Itiscriticalthatyou(should)keepupwiththeflowoftheonlinecourse.跟上网络课程的进度十分重要。Hemadecriticalanalysisofthecurrentsituation.她对目前的形式做了批评性分析Don'tbesocriticalofeveryoneelse.不要对其他人都这样挑剔findingfault:E.g.Somepeoplearealwaysfindingfault.有些人总是好吹毛求疵。perspective:toviewsth.fromanewperspective从新的视角看待某事tolackperspective缺乏洞察力toseethingsintheirrightperspective正确地观察事物E.g.Anytheory,ifseeninitswrongperspective,willturnouttobemoreofabarrierthanaguidetoitspractice.任何理论，若不能正确看待之，最终不但不能指导实践反而成为其障碍。speakup:saysth,expressone'sidea.Don'tbeafraidodspeakingup,even讦youdonotagreewiththecontentofmylecture.你不同意我讲课的内容，你也可以大胆陈述自己的观点。SpeaklouderI'madeaf,soyouhavetospeakup.arise:E.g.Accidentsarisefromcarelessness.疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。Insomecases,difficultiesarisebecauseoffailuretocommunicate.在有些情况下，困难的产生是因为交流失败。explicit:tobeexplicitaboutsth.对某事表达清晰tobeexplicitwithsth./sb.对某人/事很坦然tobeexplicitonthepoint/problem在这一点/问题上态度明确Weneedanexplicitexplanationabutthefailureoftheproject.这个计划为什么失败，我们需要明确的解释。comment:togive/makecommentonsth.对…发表评论tocommentonsth.对某事加以评论requiremente.g.toanswer/fill/fulfill/meet/satisfytheentrancerequirements 符合入学条件totightenmembershiprequirements严格会员条件toset/establishrequirements规定必要条件tosupplyeveryrequirementforonlinelearning提供网上学习的必需品(supplies)tobebeyond/belowrequirements供大于求/供不应求tobearequirementforsth.是某事的必要条件Familymembers:acquirev.获得；习得(n.acquirement)inquire/enquirev.询问；调查(n.inquiry)requirev.需求；要求(n.requirement)questn./v.探询；探求/搜寻(n.question)questionnairen.问卷调查conquestn.征服；战利品requestn./v.请求；需要；要求acquisitionn.获得(a.acquisitive想获得的)reinforce:makesthstronger强化，力口固E.g.Theexperienceofwarcanreinforcepeople'ssenseofinsecurities.战争经理会加剧人文的不安全感。Parentsshouldtryto〜thereadingskillstheirchildrenlearnatschool.巩固阅读技巧。Reinforcedmit:decidetouseforapurpose用于E.g.tocommitsthto(doing)sth.把某物专门用于…dosth.wrongorillegal犯(罪)；干(坏事)：E.g.tocommitanerror才犯错承诺Thecityhascommitteditselftocleaninguptheenvironment.这个城市承诺要清洁环境。E.g.tocommitsth.tosb'scare把某事托付给某人关照Beforeyoucommityourselftothiscontractyoushouldtakeacoupleofhourstothinkitthrough.在你答应履行此合同之前，应拿出几个小时的时间进行全面的考虑。tocommitsth.tosb'sca