山东省东营一中2019-2020学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题含解析

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精山东省东营一中2019-2020学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题含解析2019—2020学年山东省东营一中高二（下)期中英语试卷第一部分听力（共两节,满分7。5分)第一节（共5小题；每小题1。5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers？A.Fatheranddaughter。B。Teacherandstudent。C。Classmates。2。Whatarethespeakersdoing？A。Drivingacar。B。Crossingthestreet.C。Ridingabus.3.Whatisthewoman'scoatprobablymadefrom?A。Man﹣madematerial。B。Wool.C.Cotton。4。Howlongwillittaketogettothedentistbybus?A.5minutes。B.10minutes。C25minutes.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout？A.ATVremotecontrol.B.Clothingbuttons.C.ATVchannel.第二节（共5小题；每小题1。5分,满分22。5分）听下面5段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。6。（1）Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace？A。Inthewoman'soffice.B。Intheman’shouse。C.Inawarehouse.(2）Whatwillthewomanbedoing？A.Cleaning.B.Organizingshelves。C。Recordingthedata.7.（1)Whatistheman’sopinionofhissewingclass?A。Hethinksit’sawasteoftime。B。Hethinksitbuildscharacter.C。Hethinkseveryoneshouldlearnit。（2）Whatdidthewomanchooseforherproject？A.Aneckpillow。B。Astuffedtoy。C。Apurse.8.（1)Whatwaslifeonthenearbyplanetlikeaccordingtotheman?A.Animals。B.Cells.C。Plants.(2）Whendoesthewomanthinkotherplanetswillcommunicatewithusprobably？A.In25years.B.In50years。C。In100years.（3）Howdoesthemanthinkwewillhearfromotherplanets？A。Byrockets.B。Bycomputers.C。Bytelescopes.9。（1)Whatwasthemanprobablydoingatthebeginning？A。Readingamagazine.B。WatchingaTVshow.C。Doingsomecleaning.（2）WhendidthewomanfirstuseAItoday？A。Whenshedrovehercar.B。Whenshewokeupwithheralarm。C。WhensheboughtsomethingsontheInternet.(3)Whatdidtheman’sparentsjustget?A.Anewcarwithspecialcameras。B。Apieceofcleaningequipment.C。Asmartwatch.（4）HowdoesthewomanreacttotheRoombaintheend?A.Sheisuninterested.B。Sheisamused。C.Sheisamazed。10。（1)Whatcausedtheholestoform？A.Humans.B.Avolcanoeruption。C。Globalwarming.（2）Whendoesthelakebegintofill?A。Inthespring。B。Inthesummer。C。Inthefall.（3）Whathappenstothewater？A.Itdisappearsforever.B。Itfloodsthehighways.C.Itappearsinthevalleybelowagain。(4）Whatdoweknowfromthetalk？A。Expertsthinkit'sbetternottofilltheholes。B。”LostLake”isformedduetoglobalwarming。C。ThestateofOregonisfamousfordeadvolcanoes.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分37。5分）第一节（共4小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项.Courses＆CurriculumoftheCollegeofArts&SciencesinCornellThediversityofthecoursesyoucantakeintheCollegeofArts&Sciencesisextraordinary：AcademicDistributionRequirementsTheCollege’sacademicdistributionrequirementswillinclude：effectivewriting;foreignlanguagebeyondtheintroductorylevel;imaginativeandcriticalthinking。Tochooseyourcoursesforasemester,usetheClassRoster.Itshowsthescheduleofallclassesofferedinaparticularterm,alongwithclassenrollmentinformationandcoursedetails.TheClassRosterisupdatedfrequently。ToplanyourclassesoveryourfouryearsatCornell,usetheCoursesofStudy.ItrepresentsCornell'sfullcatalogofcoursesandispublishedannually.ItprovidesinformationonCornelldegreeprograms,requirements,policiesandprocedures.Ifyouneedhelp,call607-255—5004foranappointmentwithanadvisingdean。OrcontactacareercounselorintheArts&SciencesCareerDevelopmentCenterat607—255—4166totalkaboutyourinterestsandhowtheycantranslateintoamajorandafuturecareer.ANewCurriculumOnOctober30，2018，theCollegeofArts&Sciencesfaculty（教员）approvedanewundergraduatecurriculumtobecarriedoutoverthenexttwotothreeyears.Thenewcurriculumfocusesonthethemeofexplorationandreaffirmsthecollege’scommitmenttoaliberalartsandscienceseducation。StudentswhohavequestionsaboutthenewcurriculumcanviewtheapprovedproposalontheCourseDesignerappofCornell。InnovativeLearningIfyou'reoneofthe3，000studentsacrosstheuniversitytakingbiologyorphysicsattheCollege，youmaybepartofaninnovative(创新的）classroomprojectthatusesactivelearning，anewmodelthatisprovingtobethequickestpathtoexpert—levelmastery.YoureducationatCornellwillextendfarbeyondtheclassroom。Youcanjoinafacultymember’sresearchteamoncampus,conductfieldstudyresearchindifferentstatesorspendasemesterwithCornellinWashingtonDC。Youcouldstudyabroadinoneofmorethan85countriesordevelopyourownresearchprojectthroughindependentstudy。Giveyourselfthefreedomtoexplore。1.Ifyouwanttoplanyourcoursesoverthelongrun，youcanusethe______.A。ClassRoster B。CoursesofStudyC。CourseDesigner D.CareerCenter2.Forstudentsinvolvedinaninnovativeclassroomproject,they______。A。maystudyanewmodelB.areonthequickestwaytobeexpertsC。willgetmorefreedomduringresearchprojectD.haveadvantagesofstudyingoutsidetheclassroom3。Thearticleisprobablytakenfrom______.A.acollegewebsite B。asciencereportC。atravelmagazine D.anacademicjournal【答案】1.B2。D3。A【解析】本文是说明文，是关于美国康奈尔大学文理学院选修课程的介绍.【1题详解】细节理解题。根据TheClassRosterisupdatedfrequently部分的介绍中“ToplanyourclassesoveryourfouryearsatCornell,usetheCoursesofStudy。”可知，如果要在康奈尔大学计划长期的课程，如四年的课程，使用“theCoursesofStudy”。故选B项。【2题详解】推理判断题。文章中InnovativeLearning部分的介绍中提到“YoureducationatCornellwillextendfarbeyondtheclassroom。Youcanjoinafacultymember’sresearchteamoncampus，conductfieldstudyresearchindifferentstatesorspendasemesterwithCornellinWashingtonDC。Youcouldstudyabroadinoneofmorethan85countriesordevelopyourownresearchprojectthroughindependentstudy.(你在康奈尔的教育将远远超出课堂的范围。你可以在校园里加入教师的研究团队，在不同的州进行实地研究，或者在华盛顿的康奈尔大学度过一个学期。你可以在超过85个国家的其中一个学习，或者通过独立学习发展你自己的研究项目）"由此可以推断，如果你参加创新课堂项目,你的学习将延伸到课堂范围以外,你会有在课堂以外的地方学习的优势。故选D项。【3题详解】推理判断题。通读全文,文章是介绍康奈尔大学文理学院的选修课程.因此可能是出自于康奈尔大学的网站。故选A项.Growingup，DekaIsmailsayssheletlabelsdefinewhatshecouldbe。“Iwasablackgirl，fromarefugee（难民)family,”Dekasaid.“ItwasasifIwasonlyallowedtoexploreinthispredeterminedbox”Afterahighschoolchemistryclassinspiredhertothinkaboutacareerinscienceandgaveherconfidenceinthefield，Dekalearnedtoliveoutsidelabelsandbeganmakingbigplansforherfuture。NowsheisabouttobeginherfreshmanyearattheUniversityofCalifornia,planningtobecomeaprofessor。BornandraisedinSanDiego’sCityHeightsneighborhood，DekaisthedaughterofaSomalirefugeecouple。WhenDekawaseightyearsold，hermothergotajobbystudyinghardbackinschoolinordertosupportthewholefamily。ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetoone'slife.Shespentalotoftimeinthelibraryreadingbooks,anddidn’tdomanyofthethingsherpeersdid,likepartyingorhavingromanticrelationships。“IalwaysfeltlikeIhadtobetheperfectgirlformyfamily，”Dekasaid。“Youhavetodoyourbestanddomuchbetterthaneveryoneelse。Ifeltlikethewholeworldwaswaitingformetomessup.”Deka'seffortspaidoff。Thesummerbeforehersenioryearofhighschool,shewasacceptedtotheAmericanChemicalSocietyProjectSEEDProgramme。“Shebroughtbothenthusiasmandfocus,”Botham，aresearcheratthisresearchinstitute,recalled。“Shearrivedeverydayreadytowork,readytolearnandreadytotacklenewchallengesregardlessofwhetherornotshehaddoneanythingsimilar."Whenaskedwhatadviceshewouldgivetootherslikeher，Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves.“Don’ttellyourselfthatscholarshipistoobigorthisprogrammeistoocompetitiveorI’llnevergetintothisschool，”shesaid.“IwasnotsurewhetherIcouldmakeituntilIstartedseeingtheacceptancelettersrollingin。”4.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat______.A.DekawasadoptedbyarefugeefamilyB.DekabecameaprofessoraftergraduationC.Deka’sexperiencesdrovehertoworkhardD。Dekaspentalotoftimegoingtoparties5.Dekarealizedtheimportanceofeducation______.A。afterherchemistryclass B.fromhermother’sexperienceC。byreadingbooksinthelibrary D。throughworkingattheinstitute6.Accordingtothelastparagraph，Dekaadvisedthatstudentsbe______。A.patient B.ambitiousC。confident D。generous7。Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus？A.Lifeisnotallroses. B。Practicemakesperfect.C。Wellbegunishalfdone. D.Hardworkleadstosuccess。【答案】4。C5。B6。C7.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了索马里难民DekaIsmail通过改变自己,不断努力，终于成功考进加利福尼亚大学的成长经历。【4题详解】细节理解题。由第三段的WhilesomemightsayDeka’ssuccesshappenedinspiteofherbackground，shewouldsaydifferently，thatherexperiencesshapedherandinspiredhertobethedriven,youngscientistthatsheistoday。可知，虽然有些人可能会说Deka尽管有那样的背景还是成功了，但她会有不同看法。她的经历塑造了她，并激励她成为今天这样一个有干劲的年轻科学家。由此可知，Deka的这些经历塑造了她、并激励她努力。C.Deka'sexperiencesdrovehertoworkhard.(Deka的经历激励她努力）符合以上说法.故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中的WhenDekawaseightyearsold，hermothergotajobbystudyinghardbackinschoolinordertosupportthewholefamily.ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetoone’slife.可知，当Deka八岁的时候，她的母亲通过在学校努力学习找到了一份工作，以支持整个家庭。这让Deka意识到教育可以改变一个人的生活。由此可知，母亲的经历让她明白教育的重要性。B.fromhermother'sexperience(从她妈妈的经历）符合以上说法，故选B项。【6题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段中的Whenaskedwhatadviceshewouldgivetootherslikeher，Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves。可知，当被问及她会给像她这样的人什么建议时，Deka提醒他们不要低估自己。由此可知，Deka建议大家不要低估自己，要相信自己,要有信心。C.confident(有信心的）符合以上说法。故选C项.【7题详解】推理判断题。结合文章大意，尤其是第四的Youhavetodoyourbestanddomuchbetterthaneveryoneelse.(你必须尽全力，比其他任何人都做得更好)，第五段的Deka’seffortspaidoff。(Deka的努力得到了回报)和最后一段中的Whenaskedwhatadviceshewouldgivetootherslikeher,Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves。(当被问及她会给像她这样的人什么建议时，Deka提醒他们不要低估自己）可知,本文讲述了难民身份的Deka经过自己的努力终于获得成功，以及她分享的自己经历和给他人的建议：不低估自己，要有信心.由此推测，这篇文章是想告诉我们：要相信自己，不断努力,终将会取得成功。D.Hardworkleadstosuccess.(努力终将取得成功)符合以上说法。故选D项。Theworstoutbreakofdesertlocusts（蝗虫)indecadesispresentlyunderwayintheHornofAfrica。Itisthebiggestofitskindin25yearsforEthiopiaandSomalia—andtheworstKenyahasseenfor70years.WhatweareseeinginEastAfricatodayisunlikeanythingwe’veseeninaverylongtime。Itsdestructivepotentialisenormous,andit’stakingplaceinaregionwherefarmersneedeverygramoffoodtofeedthemselvesandtheirfamilies。Mostofthecountrieshardesthitarethosewheremillionsofpeoplearealreadyvulnerable(脆弱的)orinserioushumanitarianneed，astheyenduretheimpactofviolence，drought，andfloods.Wehaveactedquicklytorespondtothisoutbreak。Theprimarymethodofbattlinglocustsistheaerialsprayingofpesticides(杀虫剂)。FAO’s“LocustWatch”serviceexplainsthat“althoughgiantnets，flamethrowers,lasers,andhugevacuumshavebeenproposedinthepast，thesearenotinuseforlocustcontrol。Peopleandbirdsofteneatlocustsbutusuallynotenoughtosignificantlyreducepopulationlevelsoverlargeareas。”TheUN’sOfficefortheCoordinationofHumanitarianAffairshasreleased＄10millionfromitsCentralEmergencyReliefFundtofundahugescale-upinaerialoperationstomanagetheoutbreak。Butthewindowtocontainthiscrisisisclosingfast.WeonlyhaveuntilthebeginningofMarchtobringthisinfestationundercontrolasthatiswhentherainandplantingseasonbegins。Ifleftunchecked—andwithexpectedadditionalrains—locustnumbersinEastAfricacouldincrease500timesbyJune.Wemustactnowtoavoidafull-blowncatastrophe。Andwewill。Atthesametime，weneedtopayattentiontoabiggerpicture。ThisisnotthefirsttimetheGreaterHornofAfricahasseenlocustoutbreakapproachthisscale，butthecurrentsituationistheworstindecades。Thisislinkedtoclimatechange.Warmerseasmeanmoretropicalstorms，generatingtheperfectbreedingconditionsforlocusts.8。Whatisimpliedinparagraph2？A。PeopleinEastAfricaaresufferingdrought.B.PeopleinEastAfricaaregoingthroughfloods.C。Thelocustoutbreakwillcausecropfailure.D。Thelocustoutbreakisworseninglocals’life.9.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph？A.Weneedabiggerpicturetostudythedisaster。B。ItisthesecondoutbreakoflocustsinEastAfrica.C.Itisthelargestoutbreakoflocustseverinhistory。D。Theoutbreakoflocustsisfueledbyglobalwarming。10。Whatisthepurposeofthetext？A.Toanalyseandcompare。 B。Toinformandcallfor。C。Toargueanddiscuss。 D。Tointroduceandassess.11。Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A。Aguidebook. B.Ahealthmagazine。C.Anewsreport。 D.Achemistrypaper.【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.C【解析】这是一篇新闻报道.文章主要讲述了非洲东部发生了几百年以来的最严重的一次蝗虫灾害。【8题详解】推理判断题。由第二段Itsdestructivepotentialisenormous,andit’stakingplaceinaregionwherefarmersneedeverygramoffoodtofeedthemselvesandtheirfamilies.可知，它的破坏潜力是巨大的，而且它发生在一个农民需要每一克食物来养活自己和家人的地区。原本这些地方就是依赖土地种植庄稼来养活自己和家人，现在蝗灾爆发，只会是情况更加恶化.故选D项。【9题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段Thisislinkedtoclimatechange。Warmerseasmeanmoretropicalstorms，generatingtheperfectbreedingconditionsforlocusts。可知,这与气候变化有关。温暖的海洋意味着更多的热带风暴,为蝗虫创造了完美的繁殖条件。温暖的海洋指的是全球变暖的影响，它助推了蝗虫的爆发.由此我们可以判断,全球变暖对蝗灾的爆发起到了助推作用。故选D项。【10题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段Wemustactnowtoavoidafull—blowncatastrophe.可知，我们现在必须行动起来,避免一场全面的灾难。这是一种呼吁和号召。结合全篇，主要介绍了东非蝗灾的爆发。两者相结合可知这篇文章的目的是为了通知和呼吁大家采取行动。故选B项。【11题详解】推理判断题。本篇文章主要内容为非洲东部爆发的蝗虫危机,事态严重，作者呼吁大家采取行动。所以可知文章来自新闻报道,而非A.旅行指南，或B。健康杂志，也不是D.一篇化学论文。故选C项。Scientistssaytheyhavedevelopedasystemthatusesmachinelearningtopredictwhenandwherelightningwillstrike。Researchersreportthesystemisabletopredictlightningstrikesupto30minutesbeforetheyhappenwithina30—kilometerarea。Lightningisastrongburstofelectricityintheatmosphere.Sinceitcarriesanextremelypowerfulelectricalcharge,itcanbedestructiveanddeadly.Europeanresearchershaveestimatedthatbetween6,000and24,000peoplearekilledbylightningworldwideeachyear。Forthisreason，climatescientistshavelongsoughttodevelopmethodstopredictlightning.Thesystemtestedintheexperimentsusesacombinationofdatafromweatherstationsandmachinelearningmethods.Theresearchersdevelopedapredictionmodelthatwastrainedtorecognizeweatherconditionsthatwerelikelytocauselightning。Themodelwascreatedwithdatacollectedovera12-yearperiodfrom12Swissweatherstationsincitiesandmountainareas.Thedata，relatedtofourmainsurfaceconditions：airpressure，airtemperature,relativehumidityandwindspeed，wasplacedintoauniquemachinelearningalgorithm(算法)，whichcomparedittorecordsoflightningstrikes。Researcherssaythealgorithmwasthenabletolearntheconditionsunderwhichlightninghappens.Theresearcherstest—ranthesystemseveraltimes。Theyfoundthatthesystemmadepredictionsthatprovedcorrectalmost80percentofthetime。“Itcannowbeusedanywhere,"theSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologysaidinastatement.TheresearchersplantokeepdevelopingthetechnologyinpartnershipwithaEuropeaneffortthataimstocreatealightningprotectionprogram。TheeffortiscalledtheEuropeanLaserLightningRodproject.Scientistsworkingontheprojectareexperimentingwithalasertechnologythatcouldsomedaycontrollightningactivity，transferringlightningchargesfromcloudstotheground。Theyhopethatsuchtechnologycanonedaybeusedasprotectionagainstlightningstrikes.Possibleusescouldbeatstations，airportsorplaceswherelargecrowdsgather。12。Whywasthesystemdeveloped?A。Tomeetkids’curiosityaboutlightning。B.Toshowthepoweroflightning。C。Tokeeptrackoflightningdeaths。D。Toprotectpeoplefromlightning.13。Whatisspecialaboutthesystem？A.Itwasbasedonanumberofsamplesworldwide.B。Itadoptedadifferentmachinelearningalgorithm。C.Itusedaneffectivemethodofcollectingdata。D.Itrequiredlowcostofpredictinglightning.14。Whatwilltheresearchersdonextwiththelasertechnology?A.Monitorlightningactivity。 B。Preventtheoccurrenceoflightning.C.Directenergyfromlightning. D.Generateelectricitywithlightning.15。Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？A.ASystemofControllingLightning B.AMethodofForecastingLightningC。ATheoryofEmployingLightning D。AModelofCreatingLightning【答案】12.D13。B14。C15。B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们开发出一种利用机器学习来预测闪电何时何地发生的系统。【12题详解】推理判断题.由第二段Europeanresearchershaveestimatedthatbetween6，000and24，000peoplearekilledbylightningworldwideeachyear.Forthisreason,climatescientistshavelongsoughttodevelopmethodstopredictlightning。可知,欧洲研究人员估计，全世界每年有6000到24000人死于闪电。由于这个原因,气候科学家一直在寻找预测闪电的方法。结合上文，闪电具有破坏性而且是致命的，而且欧洲研究人员对每年死亡人数的估计,使得科学家们研发了这种系统，来保护人民免收闪电的伤害。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。由第四段Thedata,relatedtofourmainsurfaceconditions：airpressure,airtemperature，relativehumidityandwindspeed，wasplacedintoauniquemachinelearningalgorithm(算法),whichcomparedittorecordsoflightningstrikes。可知，与四个主要表面条件即气压、气温、相对湿度和风速相关的数据被放入一个独特的机器学习算法中,这种算法将数据跟闪电袭击记录作比对。由此可见,这个系统的独特之处在于它独特的算法.故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段Scientistsworkingontheprojectareexperimentingwithalasertechnologythatcouldsomedaycontrollightningactivity,transferringlightningchargesfromcloudstotheground.可知，参与该项目的科学家正在试验一种激光技术，希望有一天这种技术可能控制闪电活动，将闪电电荷从云层转移到地面。利用技术将闪电的电荷转移到地面另做他用，减少危害.换句话说就是控制和利用闪电能量，用作其他用途。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段Scientistssaytheyhavedevelopedasystemthatusesmachinelearningtopredictwhenandwherelightningwillstrike。可知，科学家们表示，他们已经开发出一种利用机器学习来预测闪电何时何地发生的系统。这也就是一种预测闪电的方法，而且下文主要就是围绕这一点来讲的，故选B项.第二节（共5小题,每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项.Competitionisacommonphenomenoninoursociallife.___16___Thereisconstantcompetitionforacademicdegrees,jobs,customers,moneyandsoforth.Inasense,competitionisoneofthemotiveforcestothedevelopmentofsociety。___17___Therefore,theonlywaytosurviveistobecompetitive。Growinginacompetitiveenvironmentisimportantforachildbecausefutureadultlifeisdifficult。Findingagoodjob,forexample，isanextremelycompetitiveactivity.Todaymostpeopleobtainknowledgethroughvariouswaysandalargenumberofpeoplegetgoodeducation.___18___Thequalityofpeopleisrapidlyincreasing.Competitionismoreviolentthanwhatwethoughtitshouldbe。Thepotentiallysuccessfuljobapplicanthastobepreparedinstrongerpositionbygainingmorequalificationsandexperience.Inthesportscontests,thestrongestwillcomeoutaswinners。Inthebusinessworld,tobeatyourcompetitors,youmustbebetterthantheotheremployees.___19___Thoughtheonlywayourworldrewardspeopleistogivehonortothewinners,nottothelosers,byattemptingtocompeteatdifferentactivities,wecanstilllearntowinandlose,gainexperienceandknowourstrengthsandweaknesses.Competitionpreparesusforthetoughthingsinlife。Whetheringames，instudyorinbusinessalike，theaimistowinthegame，thedegree，thetrophy,andthecontract.___20___A.Otherwise，youwillbedefeated。B.Modernsocietydemandshigh—qualitytalents.C。Learningtobecompetitiveisclearlythebestpreparationforlife。D.Therearealsomanypeoplewhohavehigherdegreesintheirspecialfields.E。Childrenhavetolearntobecompetitiveinordertoadapttomodernsociety.F.Inthenaturalworld，theweakwillbereplacedbythestrongandthefittestcanlive。G。Wecompetewhenweplaygamesandwhenwetrytodobetterthanothersinourstudy.【答案】16.G17。F18.D19.A20。C【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文,作者围绕“竞争”这一中心词，作者论述了竞争在现实生活中、在各个领域的普遍性,竞争是人们在社会中生活的一种方式，最后阐述了“学会竞争是为人生做的最好的准备"这一观点.【16题详解】此题考查学生对语篇上下文的理解能力.上一句说竞争是我们社会生活中常见的现象，“Competitionisacommonphenomenoninoursociallife。"为一句总起句，下一句提到存在竞争的其他方面,“Thereisconstantcompetitionforacademicdegrees，jobs，customers,moneyandsoforth."因此,此空应该起承上启下的作用。既会谈到竞争，也会涉及到竞争的具体某些方面，G项则讲当我们在玩游戏和学习要比别人做得更好时就会竞争,这些都是竞争的具体表现(具体某些方面），符合题意，故选G.【17题详解】此题考查上下句之间因果关系。根据下一句和本段所举例子可知，正因为F中所述，“Inthenaturalworld，theweakwillbereplacedbythestrongandthefittestcanlive。"在自然界中,弱肉强食，物竞天择,适者生存，“Therefore，theonlywaytosurviveistobecompetitive.”所以生存下来的唯一途径就是竞争。即F项所举例子与下一句构成强因果关系，故选F。【18题详解】该空承上启下，提示词在上一句，句中讲当今社会大多数人“mostpeople”通过各种方式获取知识,许多人得到良好的教育,本空D项则补充讲也有许多人“Therearealsomanypeople"在他们的某些特殊领域拥有更高的学位,一前一后，分别讲全民通识教育和精英教育，再下一句得出结论：这说明人的素质在迅速提高,因此竞争也更加激烈，D符合题意.此题干扰项为B“Modernsocietydemandshigh—qualitytalents.”现代社会需要高智商天赋的人。虽然此句也有quality出现,但此段讲述人们为了增强自己的竞争力，不断获取新知识,并无提及拥有与生俱来的天赋（talent)，故此题选D。【19题详解】此空与前一句是条件关系，“Inthebusinessworld，tobeatyourcompetitors，youmustbebetterthantheotheremployees。”意思是，在一个商业社会中，要打败你的竞争对手，你就必须比其他员工更强，“Otherwise,youwillbedefeated.”否则你就会被打败，otherwise（否则）在此处起到提示作用，表示满足不了前一句的条件，就会出现“被打败”的情况,故选A.【20题详解】此空设在文章末尾，是总结句，起首尾呼应的作用。既是对本文的总结，又与文章开头第一段呼应，本题侧重语篇和文章结构关系的考查。文章开头“Competitionisacommonphenomenoninoursociallife。”竞争是我们社会生活中普遍的现象,同时,该空上一句讲“Whetheringames,instudyorinbusinessalike，theaimistowinthegame,thedegree，thetrophy,andthecontract."无论在哪个领域，我们的目的都是“赢”，赢得一切；因此,“Learningtobecompetitiveisclearlythebestpreparationforlife。”（所以学会竞争显然是为人生做最好的准备），呼应文章开头并总结全文、点题,故选C。【点睛】七选五是一种极其注重考查文章结构、上下文联系和逻辑关系的题目,经常从这些方面设置干扰项。例如本题中的第2小题,此题中干扰项为E：“Childrenhavetolearntobecompetitiveinordertoadapttomodernsociety.”(为了适应现代社会，孩子们不得不学会去竞争），虽然该段下文就有一处提到“Growinginacompetitiveenvironmentisimportantforachildbecausefutureadultlifeisdifficult。”似乎与E选项内容十分“匹配”，但这正是容易误选之处。实际上,该空紧挨着的下句,第一个词便是therefore(因此），这类表示逻辑关系的词语在七选五题目中一旦出现，必须引起大家的十二分注意，它们是重要的提示词。在这里,therefore表示前后两句构成因果关系，而后一句是“生存的唯一方式是去竞争”，F中描述的自然界中弱肉强食、物竞天择现象,与后一句形成因果关系，而E与后一句则明显不构成这种因果关系,而是在用不同表述阐述相近的观点,故排除。第三部分语言运用（共三节,满分15分)第一节完形填空（共1小题;每题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.AColoradopairbringsnewmeaningtotheword“determination”。Whenonecouldn’twalkandtheothercouldn’tsee，they___21___uptosharetheirloveofthegreatoutdoors。MelanieKnechthastouseawheelchairtogetaroundduetobornspinabifida(脊柱裂）.TrevorHahnonlyrecentlybecameblindafterhe___22___aneyediseasefiveyearsago。BothlivinginFortCollins,Colorado，thetwometatanadaptiveboxingclass-andtheysoonranintoeachotheragainatanadaptiverock—climbingclass.Theyimmediately___23___overKnecht'slifelonghobbyofcampingandHahn'spassionforoutdoorsports.WhenshetoldhimaboutherrecenttriptoEasterIsland，whereshegotthe___24___tobecarriedonanotherperson’sback，anunusualideaoccurredtoher。___25___hislostsight,he’dbeenabletoscaleaHimalayanpeak,usingpolesand___26___directionsfromhiscompanions。Theystartedsmall,butnextmonth—withhervisionandhis___27___—theywilltrektothetopofa14，000-footmountain。“Itjustseemedlikecommonsense。He’sthelegs，I’mtheeyes！___28___,we’rethedreamteam。”saidKnecht.Atthestartofeachhike，afriendliftsKnecht___29___acarrieronHahn’sback。Fromthatpointon,shegiveshimoraldirectionstoleadtheway.Hahnsaid，“ItmademesohappytohelpsomeoneexperiencewhatI'vebeenabletoexperiencemywholelife。Thebestpartisbeingabletomakehersmile—thatgivesme____30____。”Inadditiontothissenseofpurpose,thetwoshareanunderstandingofhow____31____itcanbeaskingable-bodiedorsightedpeopleforassistanceineverydaylife.Theygetimmeasurable____32____frombeingabletodothisontheirown.Whilethetwoacceptthatothers____33____whatthey'vebeenabletodothey'renotlookingfor____34____—theyjustwantotherstoencouragesolutionsfortheirfriendswithdisabilities.Don’t____35____thembecauseyouthinktheywon'tbeabletodosomething.21.A。rose B。made C。teamed D.ended22。A.developed B。cured C.spread D.diagnosed23。A.handed B。argued C。got D。bonded24.A。opportunity B.competence C。permission D。admission25。A。Onaccountof B.Inspiteof C。Ontopof D.Inviewof26。A。spoken B。opposite C。confusing D。gesturing27.A.optimism B。strength C。guidance D。wisdom28.A。Hopefully B.Instead C.Together D.Similarly29.A。over B.up C.off D。into30.A.relief B.courage C。reward D。purpose31.A。convenient B.difficult C.ridiculous D.essential32。A.suffering B.wealth C.satisfaction D。depression33.A。appreciate B.oppose C.dismiss D.advocate34。A。criticism B。attention C。praise D.curiosity35.A。convince B.reject C.contact D.approach【答案】21.C22.A23.D24。A25。B26.A27。B28。C29。D30。D31。B32。C33。A34。C35.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文.文章讲述的是不能走路的MelanieKnecht和双目失明的TrevorHahn两个残疾人互相借助各自的优势“合作”爬喜马拉雅山共同享受大自然的故事。21题详解】考查动词词义辨析.句意：当一个人不能走路，另一个人不能看东西时，他们合作分享他们对大自然的热爱.A。rose上升；B.made制造；C。teamed使合作；D。ended结束。根据Whenonecouldn'twalkandtheothercouldn’tsee和tosharetheirloveofthegreatoutdoors.可知，他们要“合作”才能享受大自然。固定词组：teamup“合作，协作”。故选C.【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：特雷弗·哈恩(TrevorHahn）五年前患了眼疾，最近失明。A。developed患（病）得（病）；B.cured治愈；C。spread传播；D.diagnosed诊断。根据空后的aneyediseasefiveyearsago可知,患了眼疾，D项应用bediagnosedwith“被诊断”。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们很快就因为Knecht毕生的露营爱好和Hahn对户外运动的热爱而建立起了互信关系。A.handed交,递；B。argued辩论；C。got得到;D。bonded建立（与某人的)互信关系.根据第3空后的overKnecht'slifelonghobbyofcampingandHahn’spassionforoutdoorsports可知,他们因为相同的爱好建立互信关系.故选D.【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她告诉他她最近去复活节岛的旅行，在那里她有机会被另一个人背在背上时，她想到的一个不寻常的想法。A。opportunity机会;B。competence能力，胜任；C。permission许可；D.honour荣誉。根据空后的tobecarriedonanotherperson’sback可知，此处指被另一个人背在背上的“机会"。故选A。【25题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:尽管他双目失明，但他还是能够借助杆子和同伴的口头指示爬上喜马拉雅山.A.Onaccountof由于，因为;B.Inspiteof尽管;C.Ontopof除……之外，在……之上；D。Inviewof鉴于，考虑到。根据空后的he’dbeenabletoscaleaHimalayanpeak可知，此处指“尽管”失明，但是他能够爬上喜马拉雅山。故选B。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管他双目失明,但他还是能够借助杆子和同伴的口头指示爬上喜马拉雅山。A。spoken口头的；B。opposite相反的;C.confusing令人困惑的；D.gesturing打手势。根据上文hislostsight可知，他失去了视力，可知要借助同伴的“口头的”指示才能向前爬。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们开始时规模很小，但下个月--凭借她的远见和他的力量——他们将跋涉到达一座14000英尺高的山顶。A.optimism乐观主义；B。strength力气,力量；C.guidance指导；D.wisdom智慧。根据第9空后的theywilltrektothetopofa14，000—footmountain.和上文内容可知，因为她坐轮椅,需要背着，而他失明，所以他们在爬山时要借助她的眼睛和他的“力量”.故选B.【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他是腿,我是眼睛!在一起，我们是梦之队。A.Hopefully充满希望地;B.Instead相反，反而;C.Together一起;D.Similarly类似地。根据空后的we'rethedreamteam.可推断,他们“在一起”就是梦之队。故选C。【29题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：每次徒步旅行开始时，我的一个朋友都会把Knecht放进哈恩的背上的搬运器里。A。over在……上面;B。up向上；C。off离开；D。into进入。根据语境可知，K