词汇学-Chapter-6-English-Id教学讲解课件

Chapter6EnglishIdiomsChapter6EnglishIdiomsDefinitionofIdioms

Anelementofalanguagethatpossessesauniquewayofexpressionbasedonitstime-honoreduse.Afixedgroupofwordsorasingleword,orevenasentence,withaspecialmeaningthatcannotbeguessedfromitsstructure.AnEnglishidiomisagroupofwordswithaspecialmeaningdifferentfromthemeaningofitsconstituentwords.Acombinationoftwoormorewordswhichareusuallystructurallyfixedandsemanticallyopaque,andfunctionasasingleunitofmeaning.Example:tospillthebeans–totellsomethingthatissecretDefinitionofIdiomsAnelemenSignificanceofStudyingEnglishIdiomsAnessentialpartofthegeneralvocabularyinformal&formal;speaking&writingThecorrectuseofidiomaticEnglishmustbeoneofthemainaimsfornonnativelearners,becauselearningandusingidiomsisthebestwaytomasterthelanguage.SignificanceofStudyingEngliFeaturesofEnglishIdiomsEnglishidiomscanbeveryshortorratherlonganIndiansummer:thewarmerweatherinlateautumn(NorthAmerica)take/catchfortywinks:haveashortnaptobeallin:tobeexhaustedAllgoodthingscometoanend.tobelikeabearwithasoreheadinaverybadmoodtocutone’scoataccordingtoone’sclothtoplanone’saimsandactivitiesinlinewithone’srecoursesandcircumstancesFeaturesofEnglishIdiomsEnglEnglishidiomstakedifferentstructures.A:Irregularinstructure&clearinmeaningIamgoodfriendswithhim.Diamondcutdiamond.Thedeviltakethehindmost.B:Regularinstructure¬clearinmeaningTohaveabeeinone’sbonnet/head.Tohaveastrangefixedideaaboutsth.C:Irregularinbothstructureandmeaning(Todo)throughthickandthinThroughbothgoodandbadtimes/inspiteofallthedifficulties

EnglishidiomstakedifferentTheidiomswhichcannotbechangedatallarecalledfixedidioms.Strictlyfixed:Astitchintimesavesnine.ifajobneedsdoingitisbettertodoitnow,becauseitwillonlygetworse,likeaholeinclothesthatrequiresstitching.Partiallyfixed:Tocometoabad/nasty/sticky/nogood/untimelyendTotake/have/enjoy/catchfortywinksTheidiomswhichcannotbechaAnEnglishidiomhasaspecialmeaning.ToraincatsanddogsrainveryhardEnglishidiomsarenotonlyusedascolloquialexpressionsbutcanalsofoundinformalsituations,poetryorfiction,orinslangs.Manyidiomscanbeusedinanysituation.AnEnglishidiomhasaspecialSomeidiomsconsistofobsoletewords.forthesakeof:forthegoodoradvantageofhitherandthither:inalldirectionshueandcry:angryprotestsaboutsomething,usuallyfromagroupofpeoplekithandkin:friendsandrelationstoandfro:backwardsandforwardstobehoistwithone’sownpetard:madetosuffersomeevilplanwithwhichonehadintendedtoharmotherstolearnbyrote:tolearnbyheartwithmightandmain:withalltheforceSomeidiomsconsistofobsoletEnglishidiomsrepresentasemanticunit,thoughtheycontainagroupofwords.makeupone’smind =decidetobringup =toeducatetogoon =tocontinuetolookdownon =todespisetolookforwardto =toexpecttolookinto =toinvestigatetopayavisit =tovisitEnglishidiomsrepresentasemEnglishidiomsareusuallymadeofcommonly-usedwords.Theyarevividinusage,briefinstructureandprofoundinmeaning.oneinabluemoononceinaverylongtime;veryrarely;almostnevertocometruetohappenjustasonewished,expected,dreamt,etc.tocryforthemoontodesirestronglysth.thatcannotbegainedtoflyhightobeambitioustoputthecartbeforethehorsetodothingsinthewrongorderEnglishidiomsareusuallymadEnglishidiomsareoftencreatedonthebasisofalliteration,rhyme,euphonyandrepetitionAlliteration(头韵)blackandblue;firstandforemost;partandparcel;timeandtidewaitfornoman;tobuyinbulk;withmightandmain;Rhyme(押韵)dineandwine;hereandthere;outandabout;roughandtough;wearandtearRepetitionagainandagain;byandby;littlebylittle;outandout;overandover(again);throughandthroughEuphonic(悦耳)Firstcome,firstserved;tobeupanddoingEnglishidiomsareoftencreatEnglishIdiomsinDifferentStylescolloquialneutralformalslangyEnglishIdiomsinDifferentStColloquialinstyle:toservesomeonerighttobeagoodpunishmentforsomeonenobutsaboutitnodoubtaboutittofallouttoquarreltowantsomedoingtoneedagreatdealofeffortingoodwithenjoyingthefavororgoodopinionofColloquialinstyle:Idiomsusedinanysituation:topassovertofailtodealwith;totrynottomentionsomethingtolay(sth.)uptocollectandstoreforfutureusetogoalongtoagreewithtoholduptodelaytomakeshortworkoftofinishquicklyandeasilyIdiomsusedinanysituation:Idiomsusedinformalsituations:priorto:beforepreviousto:beforetogivecountenancetosth.:tosupportwiththeresultthat:sothatasaresultof:becauseofbebereftof:completelywithoutbepossessedof:inastateofhavingIdiomsusedinformalsituatioIdiomsusedasslang:toputthescrewonsomeonetoforcesomeonetodoasonewishestopushoff(usedesp.ingivinganorder)togoawaytocutandruntoescapebyrunningtobutteruptoflattersomeonetohighonthehogwellandrichlyIdiomsusedasslang:TheDifferenceBetweenIdiomaticandFreePhrasesIdiomaticphrases:(opaque)withaspecialmeaningthatcannotbeguessedfromthecombinationofactualwordsused.bluebook–officialreportcoldcomfort–poorconsolationFreephrases:.(transparent)ThemeaningcanbeguessedfromtheircomponentsblueskycoldwinterTheDifferenceBetweenIdiomatPhrasalverbs:(LongmanDictionaryofPhrasalverbs)canbebothfreephrasesandidiomaticphrases.Verb+adverbPleasetakethechildrenin;it’sgettingcoldouthere.Wereyoureallytaken

in(=deceived)byanoldtricklikethat?Verb+prepositionThequickestwaytogo

aboutthecityisbyundergroundtrain.Howdoyougo

about(=started)buildingaboat?Verb+adverb+prepositionYoucanputtheshelfup

withahammerandnails.Ican’tput

up

with(=bearorsuffer)him;he’salwayscomplaining.Phrasalverbs:(LongmanDictioClassificationsofEnglishIdioms

(pp.282-301)Idiomaticexpressionswithspecificgrammaticalstructures(pp.282-284)Phrasesidentifiedwiththefamiliarpartsofspeech(pp.284-294)Idiomsnotwithagivengrammaticalpartofspeech(pp.294-296)Idiomsexpressinggreeting,surprise,praise,orcriticism(pp.296-297)Proverbs(pp.297-301)ClassificationsofEnglishIdiSomeUsefulLanguageAreasofIdioms

(pp.301–319)15usefullanguageareas:IdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtoagreeinganddisagreeingIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtoangerIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtoeuphemismsIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtoeverydaylifeIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtoexplainingandunderstandingIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtofriendsandfamilySomeUsefulLanguageAreasofIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtohappinessandsadnessIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtohealthIdiomsusedinconversationIdiomsusedinformalwritingIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtomemoryIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtomoneyNewidiomsIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtotellingstoriesIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtoworkandbusinessIdiomscontainingwordsrelateSourcesofEnglishIdiomsEverydaylifeoftheEnglishpeoplekeepone’sshirton不发脾气，忍耐Givesomebodythecoldshoulder怠慢，冷落Make(both)endsmeet 量入为出，收支相抵Agriculturallifegotoseed花谢结籽，退化，衰老,走下坡路leadsomeoneupthegardenpath引诱人误入歧途putone’shandtotheplough着手某项工作Nauticalandmilitarylifebeinthesameboatwith境遇相同beindeepwaters陷入困境goagainst/withthestream逆流而行/随波逐流，随大流crossswordswithsomeone交锋，争论sticktoone’sgun固执己见rankandfile普通人士（非领导）SourcesofEnglishIdiomsEverybusinesslifecomeunderthehammer被拍卖talkshop谈论本行工作turnanhonestpenny老实挣钱Studentlifespeakbythebook说话有根据turnoveranewleaf重新开始readbetweenthelines读出隐含之意flunkout考试不及格foodandcookingkeepthepotboiling谋生，维持生计beinthesoup