2023年中考英语语法复习之定语从句课件

初中英语定语从句byYolandaCao什么是定语

？定语的位置

Thisisabeautifulflower.

（形容词作定语，置前）

Thisisaflowerinthegarden.（介词短语作定语，置后）

Thisistheflowerwhichyougavetome.

（定语从句作定语，置后）定语从句的概念及结构

在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，相当于一个大的形容词。

Thisistheflower

which

yougavetome.

先行词

关系词定语从句

先行词：置于定语从句之前，被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。如上句中的

theflower。关系词：置于先行词之后，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。一．关系代词引导的定语从句

先行词从句成分关系代词例句指人作主语who,thatIlovesingerswho/thatsingwordsclearly.作宾语who,whom,(that)可省略Ourparentsarethepeople(who/whom/that)weneedloveforever.作定语whoseThisisWangChenruiwhoseperformanceinSingChinaisfantastic.指物作主语which,thatIlovethebookswhicharewrittenbyGuoJingming.作宾语which,(that)可省略Thesong(which,that)shesingsisverypopularnow.作定语whoseIlikehouseswhosewindowsopentothewest.找出下列定语从句中的关系词并判断其在从句中担任的成分Themanwho/thatspokeatthemeetingisfromHongKong.Thebuildingwhich/thatisbeingbuiltwillbeusedasahospital.

Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownallovertheworld.

作主语作主语作定语注意：关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上须和先行词保持一致。

Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookstore.Theoldwomanwhoiswearingapairofglassesismygrandma.练一练：1.Doyouknowtheman_____issittingbehindNancy?A.what B.which C.who D.whom2.I’mlookingatthephotograph_____yousentmewithyourletter.A.who B.whom C.which D.it3.Iliketheteacher_____classesareveryinterestingandcreative.A.which

B.who

C.what

D.whose4.TheH7N9birdfluisadisease________canbeverydangerous.

A./B.who C.what D.which5.Lilydoesn’tknow_______sheandherfriendscandotohelp

thelittleboy_______parentshavelefttheirhometownformakingmoney.

A.that;whose

B.how;who

C.what;who D.what;whose

用that而不用which的情况（1）当先行词同时包括人或物时。

ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.（2）当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。

ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.Youarethefirstpersonthat

Iwanttosee.（3）当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame修饰时。

That’stheonlythingthatIcandonow.

Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.（4）当先行词是不定代词(anything,everything,nothing,something,few,all等)或被它们修饰时。Isthereanything

thatIcandoforyou?

That’sall

thatIknow.当这些不定代词充当先行词指人时，关系代词可用who。

Anyonewholeaveslastshouldturnoffthelights.（5）当主句以who或which开头时，为避免重复，关系词用that,而不用which或who。

Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?

Whichisthepenthatyoulost?6.Isoxygentheonlygas________helpsfireburn?

A.that

B./

C.which

D.it

7.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.

A.that B.what

C.which D.who8.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks______interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.

A.which

B.that

C.who D.what9.Thefirstthing__________mysisterisgoingtodothisweekendistogoshopping.

A.which

B.who

C.that D.why10.It’sthethirdtime_______latethismonth.

A.thatyouarrived

B.whenyouarrived

C.thatyou’vearrived

D.whenyou’vearrived

用which，

不用that的情况

（1）为避免重复，先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that。

What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?

（2）关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。

Thisistheroominwhichhelives.

（3）引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。

Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.

把下列各题的两句话合并成一个带定语从句的复合句。1)ThestudentswillnotbeabletopasstheEnglishexam.Theydon’tstudyhard.2)Theteacherismyphysicsteacher.Yousawhimontheplaygroundjustnow.3)ThewomanisanEnglishteacher.Sheisstandingattheschoolgate.4)Thisisthegirl.Hersisterisafamoussinger.5)Thebookisgood.Iamreading.Thestudentswho/thatdon’tstudyhardwillnotbeabletopasstheEnglishexam.Theteacher(who/that)yousawontheplaygroundismyphysicsteacher.Thewomanwho/thatisstandingattheschoolgateisanEnglishteacher.Thisisthegirlwhosesisterisafamoussinger.Thebook(that/which)Iamreadingisgood.

二、关系副词引导的定语从句①when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在从句中作时间状语。

Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.

②where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在从句中作地点状语。

Thisisplacewhereheworks.③why指原因，其先行词是原因，在从句中作原因状语。

Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.常用where引导定语从句

关系副词与“介词+关系代词”互换①在大多数情况下，关系副词相当于“介词+关系代词”,介词后的关系代词只能是which(指物)，whom(指人)。

when=in/on/atwhich

1958istheyearwhen/inwhichhismotherdied.

注意：“Itisthe+序数词+time+(that)”为固定句型，其中关系代词that省略，此处不用when引导。e.g.

Itisthefirsttime(that)hehasbeenlatethisweek.

Itisthefirsttime(that)Ihavebeenhere.

关系副词与“介词+关系代词”互换②where=in/onwhiche.g.

Thehousewhere/inwhichhelivesisverybig.③why=forwhiche.g.

Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslate.HeremembersthedaywhenhejoinedtheLeague.

Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.

ThisistheplacewhereLuXunwasborn.Thisistheplacewhereheworks.Thisisthereasonwhyheislatetoday.Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.onthatdayatthattimeinthisplaceinthisplaceforthisfor+原因

当先行词为时间地点或表示原因的名词时，要学会判断用关系副词还是关系代词。

首先找出定语从句的先行词，再看它在从句中充当什么成分。如果是主语，宾语或定语，就用关系代词如果是状语，就用关系副词。Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.

A.that

B.which C.inwhere

D.whereWewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,_____theweathermaybebetter.

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.whenplaces在从句中做

地点状语

nextweek在从句中做

时间状语

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去；非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。用适当的关系词填空：1)I’llneverforgetthedayon________theymetfortheveryfirst

timelastsummer.2)Thisistheplace____________hesooftenmentionedtome.3)Theonlything________interestedhimwasthathecoulddoanything_________hewantedto.4)“Whatascientist!Whatwonderfulinvention!”hetalkedexcitedlyaboutBillGatesandhisMicrosoftCompany_________isnowafocus(焦点)ofnewspapersandtelevision.whichwhich/thatthat(that)that5)Heisold,________factisimportantinthiscase.6)Finally,thethiefhandedeverything__________hehadstolen.7)Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons_________wesawthen.8)With_________wereyoutalking?9)Thisistheverypresent__________mymothergaveme.10)Theyaretalkingaboutthepeopleandthings________theyareontheirwayhome.whichthatwhomthatthatthat11)Whichisthebike__________ismadeinShanghai?12)Ithinkthisisth