2023年八年级暑期话题阅读天天练：宇宙（含解析）

第第页2023年八年级暑期话题阅读天天练：宇宙（含解析）2023年八年级暑期话题阅读天天练：宇宙

（共8题）

一、阅读理解题（共8题）

FoodinSpace

Astronautshavealreadyvisitedthemoonandlivedinspacestations.Theyhaveneverbeentoanotherplanet,buttheymightvisitMarssoon.Astronautswillspendaboutsixmonthstravellingtotheplanet,abouttwoyearsontheplanetandthenaboutsixmonthstravellingbacktotheEarth.TheywillbeawayfromtheEarthforaboutthreeyears,sotheywillneedalotoffood!

Itisveryexpensivetotakefoodintospace.Itcostsabout120,000dollarstocarryonekilogramofthingsthere.SoanappleonMarscouldcost20,000dollars!Ofcourse,theywillneedtotakequitealotoffoodwiththemtofeedthemselvesforthreeyears.Thefoodcannotstayfresh,andisveryexpensivetotake,sotheyhavetofindlighterfood.

Atthemoment,astronautsinspacestationseatdryfood.Itisverylight,soitdoesnotcostalotofmoneytocarryitintospace.Butastronautsstayhealthierandhappieriftheyeatfreshfood.Inthefuture,astronautsonMarsmaygrowvegetableslikespinach,carrotsandeggplants.

AstronautsonMarswillprobablyhavespecialmachines.Theywillusethesemachinestochangebeans(豆)intofoodsthattastelikemeatorcheese.Theyprobablywillnoteatrealmeatorcheesebecauseitwillnotbepossibletokeepanimalsinspace.

(1)Wheredotheastronautsplantogonext

A．TotheEarth.B．Tothemoon.C．ToMars.D．Tothesun.

(2)HowlongwillittaketogettoMars

A．Sixmonths.B．Oneyear.C．Twoyears.D．Threeyears.

(3)Whydoastronautseatdryfood

A．Becauseitisveryhealthy.B．Becausetheylikedryfood.

C．Becauseitischeaptobuy.D．Becauseitischeaptocarry.

(4)Whatmayastronautsdointhefuture

A．Takeenoughfoodfortheirtrip.

B．GrowsomefreshvegetablesonMars.

C．Eatonlydryfood.

D．Growfoodintheirspacecraft.

(5)Whatwillastronautsgetfrombeans

A．Spinach,carrotsandeggplants.

B．Apples.

C．Foodsthattastelikemeatandcheese.

D．Realmeatandcheese.

Venusisonlyalittlesmallerthantheearth,about95%oftheearth'sdiameter(直径)and80%oftheearth'smass(质量).ThewordVenusmeansthegoddessofloveandbeautyinGreek.Wenametheplanetsoprobablybecauseitisoneofthebrightestplanetswehaveknownbynow.WehumanbeingshaveknownVenusforalongtime.Itisthebrightestthingintheskyexceptthesunandthemoon.Venusreachesitsmaximum(最大的)brightnessshortlybeforesunriseorshortlyaftersunset,andisoftenthoughtastheMorningStarorastheEveningStar.AlotofobservationofVenuswasimportanttoCopernicus'sHeliocentricTheory(日心说)ofthesolarsystem.In1962scientistssentthefirstspaceshiptoexploreVenus.Sofartherehavebeenmorethan20andwewillknowmoreaboutVenusinthefuture.

(1)What'sVenuslike

A．It'sbiggerandheavierthantheearth.

B．It'ssmallerandbrighterthanthemoon.

C．It'sbiggerandlighterthanthesun.

D．It'ssmallerandlighterthantheearth.

(2)Whatdoestheword"Venus"meaninGreek

A．Thegoddessofloveandbeauty.

B．Themorningstar.

C．Theeveningstar.

D．Thecenterofthesolarsystem.

(3)WhichofthefollowingisTRUE

A．Venusisnotaplanet.

B．Venusisthebrightestinthesky.

C．Venusisinthesolarsystem.

D．PeoplehaveneversentaspaceshiptoVenus.

(4)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"observation"meaninChinese

A．理论B．观察C．学说D．作品

(5)ScientistssentthefirstspaceshiptoVenusin_____.

A．2023B．1942C．1962D．1982

阅读短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项是多余选项。

Ifyoulookattheseafromaspaceship,youmightthinkthattheworldisawaterworld.

_____Watercoversmostoftheearth'ssurface.

Theseaislikeabigstorewitheverythingweneedinit._____Wecanalsogetdifferentminerals(矿物质)init.Inacubic(立方)mileofwater,wecangetninety-fourtonsofsilver(银)andthreetonsofgold(金)!Itispossibletodothis,butitisstilldifficult._____

_____Forexample,wecanuselotsofsandtakenfromtheseatomakeglassandcement(水泥).Wenotonlygetsaltandsandfromtheseabutalsogetfoodfromthesea.Onedaywemayevenhaveunderseafarms.

Peoplehavedonelesstostudytheseathantostudyspace._____

(1)

A．Seaisourgoodfriend.

B．Peoplecangetfishandotherseaanimalsfromit.

C．Itwillcostmoremoneytogetthesethingsfromtheseathanfromtheland.

D．Buttheseareallybringsusmanythingsthatwecangeteasilyanduse.

E．Itistimetoturnoureyestothesea.

F．It'sdifficulttoseeanylandatall.

(2)

A．Seaisourgoodfriend.

B．Peoplecangetfishandotherseaanimalsfromit.

C．Itwillcostmoremoneytogetthesethingsfromtheseathanfromtheland.

D．Buttheseareallybringsusmanythingsthatwecangeteasilyanduse.

E．Itistimetoturnoureyestothesea.

F．It'sdifficulttoseeanylandatall.

(3)

A．Seaisourgoodfriend.

B．Peoplecangetfishandotherseaanimalsfromit.

C．Itwillcostmoremoneytogetthesethingsfromtheseathanfromtheland.

D．Buttheseareallybringsusmanythingsthatwecangeteasilyanduse.

E．Itistimetoturnoureyestothesea.

F．It'sdifficulttoseeanylandatall.

(4)

A．Seaisourgoodfriend.

B．Peoplecangetfishandotherseaanimalsfromit.

C．Itwillcostmoremoneytogetthesethingsfromtheseathanfromtheland.

D．Buttheseareallybringsusmanythingsthatwecangeteasilyanduse.

E．Itistimetoturnoureyestothesea.

F．It'sdifficulttoseeanylandatall.

(5)

A．Seaisourgoodfriend.

B．Peoplecangetfishandotherseaanimalsfromit.

C．Itwillcostmoremoneytogetthesethingsfromtheseathanfromtheland.

D．Buttheseareallybringsusmanythingsthatwecangeteasilyanduse.

E．Itistimetoturnoureyestothesea.

F．It'sdifficulttoseeanylandatall.

Alllifeontheearthdependsonthesun.Withoutthesunalllivingthingsontheearthwoulddie.

Thesunisastar.Inspace,therearethousandsofstarslikethesun.Theyarealmostaslargeasthesunandashotasthesun.Atnightyoucanseemanystars,butinthedaytimeyoucanonlyseeonestar—thesun.

Thesunismuchnearertousthananyotherstar.Thatiswhyitlookslikethebiggestandbrightestofallthestars.Thedistanceofthesunfromtheearthisaslongas150millionkilometers.Mostofthestarsarethousandsoflightyearsawayfromtheearth.

DoyouknowwhatalightyearisLighttravelsabout300,000kilometersasecond.Onelightyearisthedistancethatlighttravelsinoneyear.

(1)Whatdoesthephrase"dependson"meaninChinese

A．决定B．居住C．环绕D．依赖

(2)Inspacethesunisa_____.

A．starB．solarsystemC．planetD．moon

(3)Thesunlookslikethebiggestofallthestarsbecausetheotherstars_____.

A．aretoosmall

B．aretoofarawayfromtheearth

C．aretooheavy

D．aremovingaroundthesolarsystem

(4)Scientistsoftenuse_____tomeasure(测量)thedistancefromtheearthtosomestarsintheuniverse.

A．lightyearsB．kilometers

C．millionsofkilometersD．thousandsofmiles

(5)What'sthebesttitleofthispassage

A．TheSunIsaStar

B．TheSunIsMuchNearertoUsthanAnyOtherStar

C．TheKnowledgeabouttheSun

D．LightTravelsabout300,000KilometersaSecond

NASA(米国国家航空航天局)hasanewjoblisting,andit'snojoke.TheUSspaceagencyislookingfora"joker"tojointheirplannedmission(任务)toMars.

AmissiontoMarsisnolaughingmatter.Theredplanetisabout140millionmiles(225millionkilometres)awayfromtheEarth.Atriptherewouldtakearoundeightmonthsinasmallspacecraft.AndMarshasacommunicationsdelay(延迟)of20minutes.Thismeansthatastronautswillhavetowait20minutesforareply,whenasuddenseriouseventhappens.

"Whenyou'relivingwithothersinaconfinedspaceforalongperiodoftime,suchasonamissiontoMars,problemsarelikelytohappen,"JeffreyJohnson,ascientistattheUniversityofFlorida,toldTheGuardian.ThisisprobablywhyNASAwantsanastronautwithasenseofhumour."Thesearepeoplethathavetheabilitytopulleveryonetogether,"Johnsonsaid.Instressfulsituations,perhapshumourisawaytoknowwearen'talone.Bylaughingtogether,weshareourstress.Thenwecanfocusonourjobsinsteadofjustworrying.

Thereareotherexamplesofteam"clowns".OneexampleisthejourneytotheSouthPoleledbyNorwegianexplorerRoaldAmundsen.Itwasadifficultjourney,fullofdanger.AdolfLindstrom,acookatAmundsen'steam,wasa"clown".Hemadepeoplelaughthroughthewholejourney.AmundsenlaterwrotethatLindstromwasthemostvaluablememberoftheteam.

Butifyou'rehopingthatyourfavouriteTVcomedianwillflytoMars,thatprobablywon'thappen."Beingfunnywon'tbeenoughtogetthejob,"Johnsonsaid."Theyalsoneedtobeexcellentscientistsandengineers."Besides,theymustbeintopphysicalcondition.

(1)WhydoesNASAlookfora"joker"tojointheirplannedmissiontoMars

A．BecauseamissiontoMarsisnolaughingmatteranylonger.

B．Becausesomesuddenseriouseventswillhappenatanytime.

C．Becauseastronautswillhavetowait20minutesforareply.

D．Becausehumourouspeoplecanhelpreducestressandworry.

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"clowns"probablymean

A．Crowdedastronauts.B．Cleverscientists.

C．Humourouspeople.D．Funnyexplorers.

(3)Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage

A．NASAislookingforTVcomedianstojointheirplannedmission.

B．RoaldAmundsenwasaclownwhomadepeoplefeelhappier.

C．Funnypeoplemayhavetheabilitytosolvethedifficultproblems.

D．Humourouspeoplecanencourageteammembersonthemission.

Isthereintelligent(有智力的)lifeonotherplanetsForyears,scientistssaid"no"or"wedon'tknow".Buttodaythisischanging.SethShostakandAlexandraBarnettareastronomers(天文学家).Theybelieveintelligentlifeexists(存在)somewhereintheuniverse.Theyalsothinkwewillsooncontactthesebeings(人；生物).

WhydoShostakandBarnettthinkintelligentlifeexistsonotherplanetsThefirstreasonistime.Scientistsbelievetheuniverseisabout12billionyearsold."Thislongenoughforotherplanetstohaveintelligentlife,"sayShostakandBarnett.Thesecondreasonissize—theuniverseishuge."ToolsliketheHubbleTelescope(哈勃望远镜)haveshownthatthereareatleast100billiongalaxies,"saysShostak."Andourgalaxy,theMilkyWay,hasatleast100billionstars.SomeplanetsgoingaroundthesestarsmightbesimilartoEarth."

Inthepast,itwashardtolookforsignsofintelligentlifeintheuniverse.Butnow,powerfultelescopes(高倍望远镜)allowscientiststodiscoversmallerplanets.Theseplanetsmighthaveintelligentlife.

HavebeingsfromspacealreadyvisitedEarth"Probablynot,"saysShostak.However,intelligentbeingsmaycontactusinotherway,suchasradiosignals(信号).Infact,theymaybetryingtocommunicatewithusnow,butwedon'thavetherighttoolstoreceivetheir'messages.However,thisischanging.By2025,wecouldmakecontactwithotherlifeformsinouruniverseandwemighthelpeachother.

(1)SethShostakandAlexandraBarnettare_____.

A．astronomersB．farmersC．singersD．drivers

(2)Whywasithardtolookforsignsofintelligentlifeintheuniverseinthepast

A．Therewerenotanysmallerplanets.

B．TheMilkyWaydidn'texistatthattime.

C．Theastronomerswerenotinterestedinthem.

D．Therewerenotanypowerfultelescopes.

(3)WhatisthebesttitleforParagraph2

A．TheAgeandSizeofBarth

B．WhyIntelligentLifeMightExist

C．OurGalaxy:TheMilkyWay

D．Earth:TheOnlyPlanetwithIntelligentLife

(4)Whatdoestheunderlinedphraselifeformsinthelastparagraphmean

A．messagesB．tools

C．intelligentbeingsD．radiosignals

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。

Stopreadingforaminuteandthinkaboutwhatyouseewhenyoulookupattheskyonaclearnight.Youprobablyseemanystars(星星).Longlongago,farmerswatchedsomestarstoknowwhentoplanttheircrops.Travelersdidsotofindtheirwayinthedark.Todaystarsarestillimportanttosomepeople.

Scientistsfindthatmoststarsareverybig.Infactsomestarsaresofarawaythatitwouldtakemillionsofyearstogettothemevenbyspaceship.

Anotherthingweknowtodayaboutstarsisthatsomearemadeupof(由……组成)hotgases.Thegasesaresohotthattheysendoutlight.Ifyouwatchastarcarefully,youmaynoticethatittwinkles(闪烁)sometimes.Asyoumayunderstand,lightfromastarmustshinethroughtheairbeforeyoucanseethestar.Airisalwaysmoving,anditmakeslightfromthestarmove,too.Whenthelightmoves,itmakesthestartwinkle.Starsalsohavedifferentcolors.Thecolorofastardependsonhowhotitis.Tooursurprise,thecoolstarsareredandthehotteststarsarewhite.

(1)Longlongago,howdidtravelersfindtheirwayinthedark

A．Bymakingafire.B．Byusingalamp.

C．Bywatchingstars.D．Byusingsticks.

(2)Whycanthegasessendoutlight

A．Becausetheyareveryfaraway.

B．Becausetheyareveryhot.

C．Becausetheyhavedifferentcolors.

D．Becausetheycanmove.

(3)Whydoesastarsometimestwinkle

A．Becauseitslighttravelsthroughthemovingair.

B．Becauseitslightistoobright.

C．Becauseitismadeupofhotgases.

D．Becauseitistoodark.

(4)Redstarsare_____thanwhitestars.

A．biggerB．smallerC．warmerD．cooler

(5)WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext

A．Todaystarsarenotimportanttopeopleatall.

B．Itwouldtakeusashorttimetogettothestarsbyspaceship.

C．Youcanseeastarbeforeitslightshinesthroughtheair.

D．Farmersknewwhentoplanttheircropsbywatchingsomestars.

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。

ThefirstpartsoftheInternationalSpaceStation(国际空间站)werelaunched(把……发射上天)in1998,justtenyearsbeforeIwasborn.IhavealwayshopedthatonedayIcouldtraveltospaceandvisitaspacestation.Iknowthatneedslotsofhardtraining.HereisalistofthingsthatIbelieveareimportantformeinordertomakemydreamcometrue.

★Practiceliving(suchaseatingandsleeping)withoutgravity(重力).Long-termweightlessness(失重)canmakeapersonfeelsick.

★Learnhowtomovearoundwearingaspacesuit.Spacesuitsarenotliketheclothesweweardaily.Theyareveryheavy.

★Learnaboutteamspirit(团队精神).Lifeinspaceisfullofchallenges(挑战)andneedstea