英美概况括考前知识点总结

英国概况英国名称：TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland)2，地理位置：GreatBritainisthelargestislandoftheBritishIsles,thelargestislandinEuropeandtheeighth-largestislandintheworld.ItliestothenorthwestofContinentalEurope,withIrelandtothewest,andmakesupthelargestpartoftheterritoryofthestateknownastheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Itissurroundedbyover1,000[citationneeded]smallerislandsandislets.

或者回答BritishmainlandwesternEuropefromGreatBritainandIreland,north-eastandmanynearbyislands，SheeastbytheNorthSea,theAtlanticOceantothewest,uptotheNorthAtlanticoffIceland,YugoslaviaandtheEuropeancontinent,separatedonlybyastripofwater,theEnglishChannel3,英国首都：London4,组成部分：England,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland5,民族：EnglandWelsh、Scotch、Irish6,英国国旗：theUnionFlag英国国歌：GodSaveTheQueen天佑女7，三次外族入侵：ⅠRomanConquest；43AD,theromanempireⅡAnglo-SaxonConquest；thelate8thcentury,Scandinavia,createdacertainculturaldividebetweennorthernersandsouthernersinEnglandⅢNormanConquest；1066,Normans,WilliamtooktheEnglishthrone,andbecameWilliamtheFirst4,英国主要河流：RiverThames泰晤士河RiverSevern塞文河8，政府组成部分：Monarch，Parliament，Cabinet君主制时间：5thcenturyAD君主的职能：Presidedovertheopeningofparliament,OrderinCouncilapprovedthesignedofanActofParliamentandmeetthePrimeMinisterandtheQueenstandsfortheBritishintheworld.Suchasreceivingforeignambassadorsandhighcommissioners,receivingvisitingheadsofstate,andandaccessingoverseascountries,theUnitedKingdomandothercountriestosupportdiplomaticandeconomicrerelations.君主现处地位：皇宫：BuckinghamPalace现代君主：ElizabethII9，议会历史：MagnaCarta组成部分：Queen\King,houseoflords,houseofcommons如何成为两院的议员：Tobehouseoflords:appointedbytheBBC的含义：TheBritishBroadcastingCorporation16，英国的节日圣诞节的含义：tocommemoratesthebirthofJesusChrist感恩节的含义：tocommemoratestheCrucifixionandResurrectionofJesusChrist美国概况：名称：theUnitedStatesofAmerica地理位置(geographicalposition)：ThecountryissituatedmostlyincentralNorthAmerica,andliesbetweenthePacificandAtlanticOcean,borderedbyCanadatothenorthandMexicotothesouth.4，临国(neighboringcountries):Canada,Mexico.5，主要河流(majorrivers)：TheMississippiRiver,theColoradoRiver,theColumbiaRiver,theYukonRiver,theMissouriRiver6，五大湖(GreatLakes)：LakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,LakeOntario.7，首都：WashingtonD.C8，独立战争（AmericanRevolutionaryWar/AmericanWarofIndependence）：1、双方：ItbeganasawarbetweentheKingdomofGreatBritainandthirteenBritishcoloniesinNorthAmerica,andendedinaglobalwarbetweenseveralEuropeangreatpowers.2、领导者：GeorgeWashington.3、起止时间：Sep19,1775---Sep3,17839，独立宣言（UnitedStatesDeclarationofIndependence）：1、起草者(drafter)：ThomasJefferson2、时间：July4,17763，被通过的时间：4thJuly,1776 4，主要内容：Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness.10，美国的政治体制三权分立：LegislativeBranchismadeupofelectedrepresentativesfromallofthestates,andisonlybranchthatcanmakefederaltaxes,declarewarorputforeigntreatiesintoeffect.立法机构所属机构为参议院（theSenate）和众议院（theHouseofRepresentative）；theExecutivebranch的所属机构有president,vice-president,cabinetand13departments.TheJudicialbranchisheadedbytheSupremeCourt,whichistheonlycourtspecificallycreatedbytheConstitution.职能：FederalcourtshavejurisdictionovercasesarisingoutoftheConstitution;lawsandtreatiesoftheUnitedStates;maritimecases;issuesinvolvingforeigncitizensorgovernments;andcasesinwhichthefederalgovernmentitselfisaparty.三权分立的核心：checksandbalances联邦条款：ArticlesofConfederation.这是1777年11月国会通过的美国第一部宪法性文件，规定了联合新独立的13个州松散的邦联政府的职能。1787年美国制订联邦宪法，邦联制随之终止。美国宪法（Constitution）制定的会议名称：ConstitutionalConvention.;地点：Philadelphia;thepresidentoftheConventionwasGeorgeWashington;时间：1787.5；联邦制的含义：Afederalsystemisoneinwhichpowerissharedbetweenacentralauthorityanditsconstituentparts,withsomerightsreservedtoeach.权利法案的含义及内容：《权利法案》：adoptedin1791.content:Thisconsistsof10veryshortparagraphswhichguaranteedfreedomandindividualrightsandforbidinterferencewithlivesofindividualsbythegovernment.EachparagraphisanAmendmenttotheoriginalConstitution.美国的两大政党名，起源，象征物：美国的两大政党：DemocraticPartyandRepublicanParty;theDemocraticParty,whichevolvedoutofThomasJefferson’sparty,formedbefore1800.Thesymbolofthepartyisdonkey.TheRepublicanParty,whichwasformedinthe1850s.thesymboloftheRepublicanPartyistheelephant.现任总统，现任执政党：Obama\DemocraticParty美国第一任总统：GeorgeWashington,electedin1789-1797,8years制宪会议：时间，May1787地点，philadelphia目的，toformulateUnitedStatesConstitution11，美国经济：20世纪30年代美国经济遇到什么问题，哪一总统采取什么措施解决了这一问题Thecrazyspeculationcausefinancialcrisistriggeredthegreatdepression.PresidentRoosevelt’sNewDealknownas“onehundreddaysNewDeal”.(onMarch9th,1933toJune16th)12，美国社会现存的三大宗教：Protestantism(清教)Catholicism(天主教)Judaism（犹太教）13，文学WashingtonIrving:RipVanWinkleThoreau:WaldenHawthrone:ScarletLetterMelvill：MobyDickWhitman:LeavesofGrassMarkTwain:HuckleberyFinnH.B.stowe:UncleTom’sCabin美国文学史上杰作，最伟大的小说是哪一部Moby-DickwrittenbyHermanMelville14，美国教育三个阶段：The