2023高考英语二轮专题复习：据设空位置定思考方向课件

专题二阅读七选五专题二阅读七选五[研高考·辨考向]阅读七选五题型实质上就是句子复位题，解答此类题型最快捷实用的解题步骤是先定性，再定位。先定性，即先初读文章，根据空处的位置及文意初步判定空处的句子是主题句、结论句还是过渡句或细节句；再定位，即再精读文章，根据上下文语意关系和逻辑关系确定填哪一个选项。年份卷名体裁主题设空位置主题语境主题语境内容段首段中段尾2022新高考卷Ⅰ说明文人与社会如何寻找一个好的健身伙伴041全国乙卷说明文人与社会维持友谊的窍门311全国甲卷说明文人与社会就餐礼节131专题二阅读七选五续上表2021新高考卷Ⅰ记叙文人与社会体验巴黎人的生活140全国乙卷说明文人与社会在家宴中如何使自己变得有趣221全国甲卷说明文人与社会交换衣物派对1402020新高考卷Ⅰ（山东卷）说明文人与社会如何成为演说家131全国卷Ⅰ说明文人与自我如何接受自我131全国卷Ⅱ说明文人与社会表情符号与职场交流221全国卷Ⅲ说明文人与社会乔迁派对221专题二阅读七选五续上表命题专家谈高考通过对近三年全国卷和近三年新高考卷Ⅰ阅读七选五试题的分析，我们可知阅读七选五有以下特点：1.文章体裁：体裁以说明文为主（近三年全国卷中均采用了说明文）。2.短文长度：阅读材料一般是一篇长度为300词左右的短文，其中正文240词左右，备选项60词左右。3.考点设置：阅读七选五所设空的位置多数集中在段中，主要考查上下文过渡句、细节句等；小标题的考查近年来少有涉及，但也不应忽略；段首、段尾句主要考查主题句、过渡句或结论性语句专题二阅读七选五[抓规律·找依据]专题二阅读七选五第一讲据设空位置定思考方向句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种设空方式，正是利用设空位置的暗示作用和设空处上下文的提示作用来考查学生的逻辑思维能力。本讲主要是从空格位置及所承担的语意关系层面来讲解做题技巧，使学生做题时灵活运用解题技巧，游刃有余地解答阅读七选五题型。1.设空在段首

若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，选项短小精悍，多为名词词组、动词­ing形式短语或祈使句。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句，选项要有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是对下文的概括专题二阅读七选五段落主旨句某段开头处设空的常见考查内容之一是该段的主题句。学生需要认真研读该段内容，尤其是设空处后面的一两句，确定线索句，然后从备选项中查找这些线索词的同义词、近义词或关联词，一般正确选项与空后第一句在内容上是连贯且符合逻辑的，在意义上是紧密衔接的[典例]（2022·全国甲卷）MakingRequests

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.InPortugal，thiswouldbeaseriousmistake，becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon'tliketheirseasoningskills.Similarly，inItaly，neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.专题二阅读七选五A.ThemorefriendsyoumakeinyourlifetimeB.ThemoretimeyouspendinanygivencountryC.MexicansconsideritinappropriatetoeatwithutensilsD.Don'tgetcaughtmakinganembarrassingmistakeatarestaurantE.It'sagoodsignforthechefifyoumakeamessaroundyourplateF.NeverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethemG.Itmayseemlikeasimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal[解析]根据空后内容“InPortugal，thiswouldbeaseriousmistake，becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon'tliketheirseasoningskills.”和本段小标题MakingRequests可知，空处应是提及一个用餐时的请求，再结合because后的原因“因为这是在向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技术”可知，G项“吃饭时要盐和胡椒粉看似是一个简单的请求”符合此处的语境。[答案]

G专题二阅读七选五承上启下的过渡句当非首段的第一句设空时，设空处也有可能是承上启下的过渡句。此类题目要求既熟悉上文的内容，又要结合本段内容，综合考虑选择能使上下段自然衔接的选项[典例]

（2021·新高考卷Ⅰ）

Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago，theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.38.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead，theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.专题二阅读七选五

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OnourfirstmorninginParis，Iwentaroundthecornertothefoodmarkettopickupsomegroceries.Iboughtahandfulofperfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18！InFrance，qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency（效率）.Youcantellthisbycafélife.Frenchcafésarealwayscrowded.40.NotallthecustomersaretouristsＷ.Whendothesepeoplework？TheFrenchtaketheir35­hourworkweekseriously—soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwithagroupofcompanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.专题二阅读七选五A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive，insomeway，likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.[解析]根据空处所在的位置可知，该空很可能是承上启下的过渡句。分析空处上下文内容可知，该段主要讲述了法国人吃得少的另一个原因，即水果价格昂贵。分析选项可知，E项符合该处语境，且该项中的that指代上文论述过的原因。[答案]

E专题二阅读七选五2.设空在段中

当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的衔接关系。常见的逻辑关系包括7类：总分关系、解释关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、并列关系和例证关系。文章中可能出现标志性衔接词汇，例如first、second、then、next、later、soon、so、but、however、additionally、what'smore、thatis、namely、inotherwords、foronething...foranother等专题二阅读七选五总分关系[典例]

（2021·新高考卷Ⅰ）Theplacewasn'tentirelyauthentic，though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment，theplumbing（水管）worked.

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Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid，“Ouverture

des

portes，”inperfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered，andit'sashameIdon'thavemuchuseforit.A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.专题二阅读七选五F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive，insomeway，likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.[解析]本段首句总领全段，“Theplacewasn'tentirelyauthentic，though”点明作者租住的房子并不真正地道，下文列举了公寓的特殊之处。根据空处上文讲到的“和通常的巴黎公寓不同，这里的水管可以使用”和空后一句讲到的“我们的公寓楼里甚至还有一部小电梯”可知，空处应与公寓或公寓楼有关。[答案]

C专题二阅读七选五解释关系[典例]（2021·全国甲卷）·Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.

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.Placeafewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhentheytrythemon.Oneofthegroundrulesoftheswapshouldbethateveryonemusttryontheclothesbeforetheytakethem—thingsalwayslookdifferentwhenyouputthemon.A.LesspeoplethanthatB.HoldaclothingswapC.Iftwopeoplearecompeting专题二阅读七选五D.JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE.DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF.HaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition[解析]根据空前“Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.”可知，在房间的不同区域放不同类型的衣服，空处应是对上文如何在不同区域放不同类型衣服的解释，故F项（让每个人都把衣服放在合适的位置）符合上下文语境，构成对上文的解释和说明。[答案]

F专题二阅读七选五转折关系[典例]（2021·浙江卷）Grocerystorestrytohaveenoughemployeesatcheckouttogetalltheircustomersthroughwithminimumdelay.

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Anysmallinterruption—apricecheck，achattycustomer—canhavedownstreameffects，holdingupanentireline.A.WhydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyouB.Sowhydon'tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines？C.Someofthemmayhavestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.D.Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.专题二阅读七选五E.Howhighistheprobabilitythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline？F.Withthreeregisters，thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.G.Butsometimes，asonaSundayafternoon，thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.[解析]本题考查上下文衔接。空前提到食品杂货店希望将结账延误降到最低，空后提到任何小小的干扰都会拖慢整个队伍，两者形成转折，空处应明确转折关系。G项中的busy呼应文中的interruption和holdingupanentireline，but提示转折关系。[答案]

G专题二阅读七选五因果关系[典例]（2021·新高考卷Ⅰ）MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.

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Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth­floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.Theplacewasn'tentirelyauthentic，though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment，theplumbing（水管）worked.37.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid，“Ouverture

des

portes，”inperfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered，andit'sashameIdon'thavemuchuseforit.专题二阅读七选五A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive，insomeway，likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.[解析]本题考查上下文衔接。根据空后提示词So可知，空处与下文形成因果关系。空前提到“我和丈夫刚刚在巴黎待了一周”，空后提到“所以，我们做的第一件事情就是花大价钱租了一个橱柜大小、位于六层的公寓”，因此F项（我们的目的是看看在某种程度上我们是否能像真正的巴黎人一样生活）可构成下文租公寓的原因，符合本段语境。[答案]

F专题二阅读七选五递进关系[典例]（2021·全国甲卷）·Setastartingtime.Maybeyousay“go”，orturnonacertainsong，orwhatever.

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.Anddon'tforgettoputoutsomecookiesandfruits.Remember，it'saparty！A.LesspeoplethanthatB.HoldaclothingswapC.IftwopeoplearecompetingD.JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE.DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF.HaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition专题二阅读七选五[解析]本段空处上文“orturnonacertainsong”提示放一段音乐，D项中的music是上文certainsong的同义重复。下文又提示“Remember，it'saparty！”，D项同时在句意上与上文形成递进关系，即除了开始播放音乐外，还应保持音乐始终贯穿派对。[答案]

D专题二阅读七选五并列关系[典例]（2022·新高考卷Ⅰ）Firstofall，decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.

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Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit，abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility？Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldliketodowithyourworkoutpartner.A.Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.B.Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.C.You'llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D.Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport？E.Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingatrainingpartner”notice？F.Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.G.Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.专题二阅读七选五[解析]根据下文“Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit，abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility？”中的Or可知，空处也应是在提出问题，所以答案锁定在D项和E项之间；再结合上下文句意可知，空处应与“明确你找健身伙伴的目的”有关，故D项“你想在你最喜欢的体育运动方面成为一个更好的运动型的人吗”符合语境。[答案]

D专题二阅读七选五例证关系[典例]（2021·新高考卷Ⅰ）Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago，theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.

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Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead，theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.专题二阅读七选五E.That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive，insomeway，likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.[解析]根据上文“Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago，theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.”和下文的描述可知，空处承上启下，既要说明法国人吃得少的原因，又要和下文提到的美味的法国草莓有逻辑上的衔接。分析选项可知，G项与上句构成解释说明关系，与下句构成举例关系，故G项为正确答案。[答案]

G专题二阅读七选五3.设空在段尾段落过渡句当设空在非尾段段末时，也有可能是考查承上启下的过渡句。假如所缺的是段落间的过渡句，首先可以关注表示逻辑关系的衔接词，再结合词汇复现等原则进行答案的选择[典例]（2021·浙江卷）

Yourunintothegrocerystoretopickuponebottleofwater.Yougetwhatyouneed，headtothefront，andchoosethelinethatlooksfastest.Youchosewrong.Peoplewhoyousweargotinotherlineslongafteryouarealreadycheckedoutandofftotheparkinglot.

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Itturnsout，it'sjustmathworkingagainstyou；chancesare，theotherlinereallyisfaster.专题二阅读七选五A.Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou？B.Sowhydon'tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines？C.Someofthemmayhavestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.D.Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.E.Howhighistheprobabilitythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline？F.Withthreeregisters，thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.G.Butsometimes，asonaSundayafternoon，thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.[解析]本题考查承上启下的过渡句。上文描述了“你”排队结账时，发现自己排的队伍总是比别的队伍慢这一现象，下文的“Itturnsout”和“chancesare，theotherlinereallyisfaster”点明了结论，所以空处应为对该现象提出的疑问。结合选项来看，只有A项的内容与结论的内容相匹配，起到了使上下文衔接的过渡作用。[答案]

A专题二阅读七选五补充信息句段末设空还有可能是对上文内容进行补充说明，这时要选择补充性的语句[典例]（2021·全国乙卷）38.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon‘tstoptalking？Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway，youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox（讲台）.Ifyou‘rethehost，youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.

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.A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere？”D.Bepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangers专题二阅读七选五E.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon'tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost[解析]本题考查对上文的补充说明。E项（或者把谈话转向一个他们几乎无话可说的话题）承接空前的“Ifyou'rethehost，youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation”给出了另一种选择，属于信息补充，符合语境。[答案]

E专题二阅读七选五总结句当设空在段尾时，通常是结论性、概括性语句，是对上文的概括总结。如果文中缺的是结论性、概括性的语句，应快速浏览七个备选项，注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如so、therefore、asaresult、inshort、inaword、allinall等词或短语，快速缩小选项范围，再根据段落主题一致性原则，从而确定正确选项[典例]（2020·全国卷Ⅰ）·Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbraintolookatstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob，earnedyourdegree，andyougotoutofbedtoday.

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专题二阅读七选五A.Feelingupsetagain？B.WheredoyoustartC.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D.Remember，youareonlyhuman.E.Setanintentionforself­acceptance.F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart？[解析]本题考查段落总结句。根据本段首句可知，本段的主题是“认识到你所有的优点”，段中列举了一些小的成绩，如有了一份工作，拿到了学位等，段尾对这些成绩做了一下总结：没有什么事情因太小而不值得庆祝。[答案]

C课堂新体验A（2022·石家庄高三质检试题）Foryears，researchhaslinkedskippingbreakfastwiththeincreasedBMI（bodymassindex），butfewstudieshavebeencarriedoutintotheeffectoftheothertwomealsoftheday.However，astudyconductedatOsakaUniversityconcludedthatnoteatingdinnerisasignificantpredictorofweightgainandobesity.

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.Aspartoftheirannualcheck­ups，thestudentswereaskedhowoftentheyatebreakfast，lunch，anddinner.Researchersalsotookintoconsiderationthetimeofeating，whetherparticipants'mealhabitschangedoverthecourseofthestudy，andlifestylefactors.专题二阅读七选五课堂新体验

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，theresearchersfoundthatthosewhodidsoallthetimeweremorelikelytobeolder，moreoverweight，asmokerordrinker，tosleepforashorterperiodoftime，andskipothermealsmorefrequently.Theseresultssuggestedthatskippingdinner，whichwasmuchlesspopularthanskippingbreakfast，couldresultinweightgainandhigherlikelihoodofbeingoverweightthanskippingbreakfast.Itwassignificantlyassociatedwithweightgainof10%ormore，andhavingaBMIover25，whichisclassedasoverweightorobese.

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Theresearcherssuggestedthatthereasonwhyskippingdinnercouldleadtoweightgainisthatitmakespeoplehungriersotheyendupeatingmoreoverthecourseoftheday.

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.That'sbecausedinneristypicallyamealthatlendsitselftonutritiousfoodslikelean（低脂）proteinsandvegetables.专题二阅读七选五课堂新体验Theresearchersnotethattheirstudyhaddrawbacks：

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Additionally，theydidn'ttakeintoaccountfactorslikeexerciseordepression.A.TheBMIhasitslimitationsafterallB.Besides，skippingdinnermaymeanalowerqualitydietC.ItshouldberepeatedtoassessawidergroupofpeopleD.SkippinglunchwasmorelikelytobringaboutthesameoutcomesE.Itfollowed20，000subjectsoverallabove18overanaverageofthreeyearsF.AlthoughthenumberofstudentswhosaidtheysometimesskippeddinnerwassmallG.Studentsskippingdinnerhasastrongerassociationwithweightgainandobesity专题二阅读七选五课堂新体验【语篇解读】多年来，研究都将不吃早餐与BMI（身体质量指数）的增加联系在一起，但很少有人研究一天中另外两餐的影响。然而，一项研究得出的结论是，不吃另外两餐是体重增加和肥胖的一个重要预测因素。1.解析：空后一句讲的是作为他们年度体检的一部分，这些学生被问及他们吃早餐、午餐和晚餐的频率。故可推知空处应该提及调查研究的对象是谁。故E项符合语境。专题二阅读七选五答案：E2.解析：空后一句讲的是研究人员发现，那些一直这样做的人更有可能变老、超重，更有可能是吸烟者或饮酒者，他们睡眠时间更短，而且更频繁地不吃饭。故可推知空处讲的应是尽管说自己有时不吃晚餐的学生人数很少，与空后内容形成转折。故F项符合语境。答案：F课堂新体验3.解析：空处所在段讲到了不吃晚餐的人比不吃早餐的人少得多，不吃晚餐可能会导致体重增加，而且比不吃早餐的人更有可能超重。故可推知空处应该是讲不吃午餐的结果怎么样。故D项符合语境，D项中的“thesameresults”呼应上文。专题二阅读七选五答案：D4.解析：空后说那是因为晚餐一般适合吃像低脂蛋白和蔬菜这样的有营养的食物，故可推知不吃晚餐可能意味着低质量的饮食。所以B项符合语境，空后的That指代B项所述内容。答案：B课堂新体验5.解析：空前讲述研究者指出他们的研究有缺点，结合选项可知，C项“调查研究应该被重复进行以评估更广泛的人群”符合语境。专题二阅读七选五答案：C课堂新体验BPeoplemayhavesomeunclearmemoriesoftheirchildhood，butalmosteveryonewillrememberthebeautifulprincessandthecruelqueeninSnow

White，theinnocentlittlegirlandthegreedybiggraywolfinLittle

Red

Riding

Hood.

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Forexample，“Truelovecanovercomeanything”，and“Evenafrogcanturnintoaprince”.However，atacertainage，westarttolearnnewthingsaboutlife，particularlythatlovedoesn'talwayswin，andthatafrogisjustafrog.

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JustlookatanimatedfilmslikeThe

Lion

KingandFrozen，whichhavemillionsoffansyoungandold.Andthisyear'sLucerneFestivalinSwitzerland—aclassicalmusicfestival—willalsofeaturethethemesof“Childhood”and“Fairytales”.专题二阅读七选五课堂新体验“Fairytalesendurebecausetheyarethestoriesofourlivesintheirmoststrippeddownform，”wroteUSauthorLauraPacker.“Theyarestoriesofloveandloss，desireanddeath，richesandruin.”

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Butifchildrenon