牛津拓展创新学程第一册第一单元Extended Reading-Inside the earth

Extendedreading：InsidetheEarthWhatdoyouknowaboutthebasicstructureoftheEarth?TheEarthiscomposedofthreelayers:thecrust,mantleandcore.Crust(地壳)Mantle(地幔)Innercore(内核）Outercore(外核)Core(地核)athinlayerofrockontheEarth'ssurfacehot,slow-movingrockbelowthecrustandsurroundingthecoreextremelyhot,liquidironmixedwithothercomponents,coveringasolidcentre,whichistheinnermostpartoftheEarthNowlet'sreadthearticleandcomicstripfromasciencemagazineabouttheinsideoftheEarthtolearnmoredetails.Lookthroughthearticlequicklyandcompletethefollowingtableaboutitsoutline.ReadforstructureInsidetheEarthPara.1:IntroductiontothetopicofstudyingtheinsideoftheEarthPara.2:The__________ofstudyingtheinsideoftheEarthPara.3:Theother__________ofstudyingtheinsideoftheEarthPara.4:The_______________________ofstudyingtheinsideoftheEarthchallengesbenefitsimportance/significanceReadParas.1&2andanswerthefollowingquestion.Readfordetails1.HowdoscientistsknowsomuchabouttheEarth'smake-up?2.WhatchallengesmayscientistsfacewhenexploringtheinsideoftheEarth?Possibleanswer:ScientistsknowsomuchabouttheEarth'smake-upbyanalysingearthquakewavesanddrillingverydeepholes.1.HowdoscientistsknowsomuchabouttheEarth'smake-up?2.WhatchallengesmayscientistsfacewhenexploringtheinsideoftheEarth?ReadPara.3andfillinthetablebelow.excitingpossibilitiesforlifeabovegroundhelpsolvethestorageproblemofhydrogencastlightontheoriginofliferelyingonenergyfromcertainrocksPossibleanswer:Writeasummaryofthesciencemagazinearticle.Usethefollowingideastohelpyou.•TheEarth'sinternalstructure•WaystolearnabouttheinsideoftheEarth•ChallengesofstudyingtheinsideoftheEarth•BenefitsofthestudyP12APossibleanswerTheinternalstructureoftheEarthismadeupofthecrust,mantleandcore.ScientistslearnwhattheinsideoftheEarthislikebyanalysingearthquakewaves.TheyarealsotryingtodrillverydeepholesintotheEarthtodiscovermore

information.However,thisischallengingduetotheEarth'sintensepressureand

heat,aswellasthedifficultyinchoosingtherightplacetodrill.StudyingtheinsideoftheEarthhasvariousadvantages.Itnotonlyenablesusto

gainabetterunderstandingofthegeologyoftheEarth,butalsoopensupmany

possibilitiesforlifeaboveground.Forexample,bylookingdeepdownbeneath

theEarth,scientistsmaylearnhowtostorehydrogensafely.Theymayalsogain

newinsightsintotheoriginoflife,whichmighthelpanswerquestionswhetherlife

couldbefoundonMars.Readthecomicstriponpage12andfillinthefollowingtables.Possibleanswer:4metresThedeepestknowntreerootsThedeepestundergroundlaboratoryAttheplacewherediamondswereformedInthelowermantleAtthecentreoftheEarth123430,000metres750,000metres2.9millionmetres6millionmetresPressure◆Itislike131elephantsformingatowerontheirheadandtheygeta

headache.◆Itseems3,280elephantsstandingontheirhead.◆Itseemsthereareabout17,000elephantsbalancedontheirhead.◆Itseemsover47,000elephantsontheirhead.ReadthecomicstripagainanddescribethechangesinpressureasBucketandSpadedigdowntothecentreoftheEarth.Languagepoints1.TofindoutmoreabouttheEarth’smake-up,scientistshavedrilledverydeepholesbutnonehavereachedthemantleasyet.

asyet

①

Asyet,theyhavenosolidevidence.②Ihaven'treadmuchintoitasyet.I'veonlyjustscannedthroughit.

untilthismoment直到现在(用于疑问句和否定句)为了更多地了解地球的构成，科学家们钻了非常深的洞，但到目前为止，还没有人到达地幔。2.TheintensepressureandheatinsidetheEarthcancloseupadeepholeorbreakadrill.closeup

①Everytimehetriedtospeak,histhroatclosedupwithfear.

每当他试图讲话时，他都害怕得喉咙发紧说不出话来。②Don'tusecoldwaterasitshocksthebloodvessels(血管)intoclosingup.

不要用冷水，那样会刺激血管变窄。

地球内部的巨大压力和热量可以使深孔变窄或破坏钻头。tobecomenarrowerandlessopen（使）变狭窄3.Thismayhelpsolvethestorageproblemofhydrogenandpavethewayforcarstorunonhydrogenfuel.pavetheway(forsb./sth.)

①Thisdecisionpavedthewayforchangesinemploymentrightsforwomen.

这项决议为修改妇女就业权利创造了条件。

②Thisagreementwillpavethewayforalastingpeacebetweenthetwocountries.

该协议将为两国间的持久和平铺平道路。

tocreateasituationinwhichsbwillbeabletodosthorsthcanhappen

（为……）铺平道路，创造条件=laythefoundationfor

这可能有助于解决氢的储存问题，并为汽车使用氢燃料创造条件。4.OtherscientistshopethatresearchintomicroorganismsdeepinsidetheEarthwouldcastlightontheoriginoflife.

cast/shed/throwlightonsth①Recentresearchhasthrownnewlightonthecausesofthedisease.

最近的研究可以使人进一步了解导致这种疾病的原因。②Thesediscoverisesmaycastsomenewlightontheoriginsoftheuniverse.

这些发现可能会使人进一步了解宇宙的起源。

tomakeaproblem,etc.easiertounderstand

使（问题等）较容易理解其他科学家希望对地球深处微生物的研究会使人们了解生命的起源。5.Surely,astudyoftheinsideofourplanetwouldleadtoexcitingandenlighteningdiscoveries,andbenefitallwhowalkuponit.①Canyouenlightenheronthissubject?

对这个问题你能启发启发她吗？②anenlighteningexplanation

启发性的解释③Itcanbeanenormouslyenlighteningandexcitingexperience.

它会是一次非常有启发性、令人兴奋的经历。

当然，对地球内部的研究将带来令人兴奋和启发性的发现，并使所有在地球上行走的人受益。enlightenv.

togivesbinformationsothattheyunderstandsthbetter

启发；开导；阐明

enlightening

adj.富有启发性的①

enlightenedopinions/attitudes/ideas

开明的见解/态度/想法②ThemoreenlightenedfactoryownersbuilthomesfortheirworkersinBritaininthe19thcentury.

在19世纪的英国，较开明的工厂主为工人建造住所。enlightenedadj

havingorshowinganunderstandingofpeople'sneeds,asituation,etc.thatisnotbasedonold-fashionedattitudesandprejudice

开明的；有见识的；摆脱偏见的enlightenmentn.[U]thestateofunderstandingsthclearlyortheactofmakingsbunderstandsthcleatly启发；开导；领悟

theEnlightenment

（18世纪欧洲的）启蒙运动6.Thedeepestundergroundlaboratory,atJinping,China,ispassed.(我们)经过了位于中国锦屏山的最深地下实验室。TheJinpingUndergroundLaboratory,whichisusedtostudydarkmatter.中国锦屏地下实验室位于地下2400米处，是世界上最深的地下实验室，于2010年建成并投入使用。建成以来，实验室进行了一系列暗物质探测实验，这奠定了我国在暗物质探测领域的世界领先地位。1.asyet2.pavethewayfor(sb/sth)

3.cast/shed/throwlightonsth4.anexcitingandenlighteningdiscovery5.closeup1.直到现在；直至过去某时2.（为……）铺平道路，创造条件3.使（问题等）较容易理解4.一个激动人心、富有启发性的发现5.（使）变狭窄Completethesentenceswiththeproperformofphrasesgiveninthebox.1.Occasionallythechannelwidenedandthen_______tightagain.2.Datafromthespaceflightshould________________a moredetailedexplorationofMars.3.Thediscoveryofthedinosaurskeleton(恐龙骨架)____________________whytheybecameextinct.4.Thatwasavery_____________speech.5.Therehavebeenmanytechnicalproblemsunresolved______.pavethewayforenlightenasyetcastlightonsthcloseuppavethewayforenlighteninghascastlightonasyetclosedup1.Ithasbeendiscoveredthatundercertainextremeconditionsofpressureandtemperature,waterformsicecagesthattraphydrogeninside.真正的主语形式主语①

ItiswellknownthatChinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.

众所周知，在世界上中国人口最多。②

Itissaidthatallofthemhavegonetothecinema.

据说他们都去看电影了。状语that引导定语从句人们已经发现，在某些极端的压力和温度条件下，水会形成“冰笼”，将氢困在“冰笼”中。1.Sentenceanalysingforbetterunderstanding2.However,themicroorganismsinagoldmineofSouthAfricasurvivewherethesunnevershines,relyingonenergyfromcertainrocks.介词短语作后置定语，修饰先行词microorganismswhere引导状语从句V-ing形式作方式状语①WeshouldgowherethePartyneedsusmost.

我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。②IhavekeptthephotowhereIcanseeiteveryday,asitalwaysremindsmeofmymiddleschooldays.

我把这张照片放在每天都能看到的地方，因为它总是让我想起我的中学时光。然而，南非金矿中的微生物在没有阳光照射的地方，依靠着来自某些岩石的能量生存了下来。§Howisthecomicstriporganized?Itisorganizedinspatialorder,fromthesurfacetothecentre.§Whatisthefunctionofthepicturesusedinthecomicstrip?Picturesgrabthereader'sattention,explaindifficultconceptsandhelpthem

understandthetextbetter.§Whatarethe

effectsofthespeechbubblesinthecomicstrip?Speechbubblesareavisualmeansofconveyingwordsspokenbycharactersinacomicstrip.Thesebubblesareclearlyidentifiableasdrawnshapescontaining

wordsarelocatednexttothespeakingcharacter.Inordertocommunicatethepropermeaningandnottoconfusethereader,theillustratormust